CN110957488A - Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957488A CN110957488A CN201911083848.4A CN201911083848A CN110957488A CN 110957488 A CN110957488 A CN 110957488A CN 201911083848 A CN201911083848 A CN 201911083848A CN 110957488 A CN110957488 A CN 110957488A
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) tricarbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Co+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ni+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.C([O-])([O-])=O DDXROPFGVVLFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polyfluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013421 LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013427 LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XKGIZIQMMABGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] XKGIZIQMMABGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- AIJRZQRTCRIQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium cobalt(2+) dioxido(dioxo)manganese nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] AIJRZQRTCRIQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910016722 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021311 NaFeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material. The peanut-like structure nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material prepared by the invention shows more excellent electrochemical performance due to the special morphology. The secondary particles with peanut-like appearance are formed by stacking a large number of primary nano flaky particles. The nanometer-sized primary flaky particles shorten the migration distance of the lithium ions in the process of separation and insertion, enhance the kinetic process of the lithium ions, improve the diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions and facilitate the improvement of the discharge capacity and the rate capability of the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery; meanwhile, the secondary peanut-like particles with the micron size reduce the side reaction of the electrode material and the electrolyte, ensure the structural stability of the anode material in the process of continuously releasing and embedding lithium ions, and are beneficial to improving the cycle performance and the processing performance of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material.
Background
With the continuous development of society, the holding capacity of automobiles is increased sharply, which directly causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the city can also be given a number limit and a traffic control policy in succession, and the use of fuel-oil automobiles is limited. The popularization and the use of the new energy automobile can reduce the consumption of petroleum resources and also can alleviate the problem of environmental pollution caused by the emission of automobile exhaust. Batteries with high energy density, high power density, high safety performance, and long life are needed as infrastructure for use as power devices, both for energy storage and new energy vehicles. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, light weight, no environmental pollution and the like, and is rapidly developed in technical research and development, production and markets in recent years, so that a large novel industry is formed. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese (LiNi)xCoyMn1-x-yO2) The ternary material is considered as the first choice cathode material of the high energy density lithium ion battery due to the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life under low cut-off voltage, ideal crystal structure, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like, and is widely researched.
At present, the preparation method of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material mainly comprises a high-temperature solid phase method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, a hydrothermal method, a spray drying method, a molten salt method and the like. The coprecipitation method is generally used for preparing a precursor material by taking sulfates of nickel, cobalt and manganese as raw materials and carbonates, hydroxides, oxalic acid and the like as precipitants, and then the precursor material is mixed with lithium salt and calcined to prepare a product. The material prepared by adopting a coprecipitation method has uneven particle size and is almost spherical-like in shape, and the specific surface area of the material with the shape is low, so that the active sites of lithium ions are reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the material is poor. The homogeneous precipitation method utilizes a certain chemical reaction to slowly and uniformly release the crystal-forming ions in the solution from the solution. The precipitant added in the method is to make the precipitated ions slowly released in the whole solution through a certain chemical reaction and then react with the crystal-forming ions in the solution to generate precipitates. Its advantage is uniform supersaturation of crystal ions in solution, and compact and uniform particles of generated deposit. Urea is the most typical homogeneous precipitant, and slowly generates carbonate ions at a certain temperature, and when the carbonate ions are added into salt solution of nickel, cobalt and manganese, the carbonate ions can exist in the form of carbonate precipitation. The solvothermal method is a preparation method developed by adding a part of organic solvent into water on the basis of a hydrothermal method. The presence of an organic solvent can, on the one hand, increase the chemical reactivity of the reaction and thus reduce the temperature required for the reaction to take place. On the other hand, the organic solvent has the characteristics of low boiling point, small dielectric constant, large viscosity and the like, so that the solvothermal property can reach higher air pressure than that of hydrothermal synthesis at the same temperature, and the crystallization of the product is facilitated. Based on the advantages of the solvothermal method and the uniform precipitation method, if the two methods are combined, particles having a uniform particle size distribution and high crystallinity can be obtained.
Therefore, the invention takes urea as a uniform precipitator and glycol as an organic solvent, and prepares the peanut-like nickel cobalt manganese carbonate precursor material through the solvothermal reaction, and the peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate anode material is prepared through the subsequent lithium mixing and high-temperature calcination processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material. The method takes urea as a uniform precipitator and ethylene glycol as a solvent, prepares a peanut-like nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor through one-step solvothermal reaction, and obtains the peanut-like nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate anode material through a high-temperature lithiation process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) according to LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Weighing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to a specific stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.1-2 mol L-1The volume ratio of water to glycol is 0: 1-1: 0;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), wherein the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1: 1-5: 1, magnetically stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the mixture for 8 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 140 and 190 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and then washing, filtering and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor; the reaction temperature and the reaction time in the step (2) ensure the completeness of the product reaction and the uniformity of product particles;
(3) uniformly mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor prepared in the step (2) with a lithium source, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, calcining for 8-16 hours at 750-900 ℃ in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding along with the furnace to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate positive electrode material, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1-1: 1.1. the excessive lithium source in the step (3) can make up for the loss of lithium in the high-temperature calcination process, and the generation of the final product is ensured.
The peanut-like structure nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material prepared by the invention shows more excellent electrochemical performance due to the special morphology. It can be seen from fig. 1 that the secondary particles with peanut-like morphology are formed by stacking a large amount of primary nano-flaky particles. The nanometer-sized primary flaky particles shorten the migration distance of the lithium ions in the process of separation and insertion, enhance the kinetic process of the lithium ions, improve the diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions and facilitate the improvement of the discharge capacity and the rate capability of the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery; meanwhile, the secondary peanut-like particles with the micron size reduce the side reaction of the electrode material and the electrolyte, ensure the structural stability of the anode material in the process of continuously releasing and embedding lithium ions, and are beneficial to improving the cycle performance and the processing performance of the lithium ion battery.
The soluble nickel salt is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate;
the soluble cobalt salt is one or more of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate;
the soluble manganese salt is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese acetate;
the lithium source compound is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium nitrate.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
(1) the organic solvent is added to enable the reaction to obtain particles with higher crystallinity at lower temperature compared with hydrothermal reaction;
(2) by combining the advantages of the uniform precipitation method and the solvothermal method, the production process is simplified;
(3) the urea is used as a precipitator, so that particles with smaller particle size and uniform distribution can be obtained, and the electrochemical performance of the material can be improved by the uniform particle size. As can be seen from example 3, as the urea content increases, the particles obtained will have a smaller size and a more uniform distribution. The particles with small particle size have larger specific surface area, and the larger specific surface area is also beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery. As can be seen from example 3, the lithium ion battery of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material with small particle size has better discharge capacity and cycle performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the nickel cobalt manganese carbonate precursor material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is LiNi prepared in example 10.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the materials.
FIG. 3 shows LiNi in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2X-ray diffraction pattern of the material.
FIG. 4 shows LiNi corresponding to example 30.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2The material is as followsDischarge curve at 0.2C rate.
FIG. 5 shows LiNi in example 30.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Cycle performance curve of the material at 10C rate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
0.02 mol of Ni (CH)3COO)2·4H2O (5.0789 g)、0.008 mol Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.0027g)、0.012 mol Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.97079 g) was dissolved in 400mL of deionized water to give a total metal ion concentration of 0.1 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 3: 1 7.2800 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.12mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the reaction kettle for 24 hours at 160 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material, wherein the morphology of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material is shown in figure 1 and is flocculent peanut-shaped secondary particles consisting of primary flaky particles.
The obtained Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3Precursors with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.1, uniformly mixing, putting into a muffle furnace, calcining for 14 hours at 800 ℃ in air atmosphere, cooling and grinding with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. The shape is shown in figure 2, the peanut-like shape of the precursor is kept, and the peanut-like agglomerated particles are formed by primary small spherical particles.
Example 2
0.06 mol of NiSO4·6H2O (15.7710 g)、0.02 mol CoSO4·7H2O (5.6230 g)、0.02mol MnSO4·H2O (3.3804 g) was dissolved in 100mL deionized water and ethylene glycol at a volume ratio of 8: 1 ofThe total concentration of metal ions in the mixed solution is 0.5 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 1.5: 1 9.0999 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.15mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing, reacting at 170 ℃ for 12 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor material.
Mixing the obtained precursor with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.03 mixing uniformly, putting into a muffle furnace, calcining for 10 h at 800 ℃ in an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Its X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in FIG. 3, all diffraction peaks can be associated with the hexagonal system α -NaFeO2The peaks of the structures correspond, the space groups all belong to R-3m, and each diffraction peak is strong and sharp, which indicates that the material has good crystallinity and no impurity peak appears.
Example 3
0.02 mol of Ni (CH)3COO)2·4H2O (5.0789 g)、0.008 mol Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.0027g)、0.012 mol Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.97079 g) was dissolved in 200mL deionized water to ethylene glycol at a volume ratio of 6: 1, the total concentration of metal ions is 0.2 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 2: 1 5.3382 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.08mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the reaction kettle for 10 hours at 180 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material.
The obtained Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3Precursors with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.05, putting the mixture into a muffle furnace after being uniformly mixed, calcining the mixture for 12 hours at 850 ℃ in air atmosphere, and cooling and grinding the mixture along with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. Mixing the material with PVDF and a conductive agent super-P according to a mass ratio of 95: 3: 2, mixing and stirring the mixture into uniformly mixed slurry, then coating the slurry on a current collector aluminum foil, putting the current collector aluminum foil into an oven, keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain a positive plate, taking a metal lithium plate as a counter electrode and 1mol/L LiPF6Ethyl Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (1: 1, Vol) are used as electrolyte, and assembled into a button cell in a glove box filled with argon, and figure 4 is a discharge curve of the cell under 0.2C multiplying power, and the 0.2C specific discharge capacity can reach 176.8mAh g-1. Fig. 5 is a cycle performance curve of the battery at a rate of 10C, and the capacity retention rate of the battery after 100 cycles at 10C can reach 90.05%.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Weighing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to a specific stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.1-2 mol L-1The volume ratio of water to glycol is 0: 1-1: 0;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), wherein the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1: 1-5: 1, magnetically stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the mixture for 8 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 140 and 190 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and then washing, filtering and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor;
(3) uniformly mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor prepared in the step (2) with a lithium source, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, calcining for 8-16 hours at 750-900 ℃ in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding along with the furnace to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate positive electrode material, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1-1: 1.1.
2. the method for preparing the peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said soluble nickel salt is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate;
the soluble cobalt salt is one or more of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate;
the soluble manganese salt is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese acetate;
the lithium source compound is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium nitrate.
3. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.1 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 3: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 160 ℃ for 24 hours; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1.1, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, and calcining the mixture for 14 hours at 800 ℃ under an air atmosphere.
4. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.5 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1.5: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 170 ℃ for 12 hours; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: and 1.03, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, and calcining the mixture for 10 hours at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere.
5. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.2 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 2: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle and then reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1.05, put into a muffle furnace and emptyCalcining at 850 deg.C for 12 h under gas atmosphere.
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