CN110957488A - Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material Download PDF

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CN110957488A
CN110957488A CN201911083848.4A CN201911083848A CN110957488A CN 110957488 A CN110957488 A CN 110957488A CN 201911083848 A CN201911083848 A CN 201911083848A CN 110957488 A CN110957488 A CN 110957488A
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nickel
cobalt
lithium
manganese
peanut
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赵新新
刘宝胜
吴伟涛
闫晓燕
张跃忠
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material. The peanut-like structure nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material prepared by the invention shows more excellent electrochemical performance due to the special morphology. The secondary particles with peanut-like appearance are formed by stacking a large number of primary nano flaky particles. The nanometer-sized primary flaky particles shorten the migration distance of the lithium ions in the process of separation and insertion, enhance the kinetic process of the lithium ions, improve the diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions and facilitate the improvement of the discharge capacity and the rate capability of the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery; meanwhile, the secondary peanut-like particles with the micron size reduce the side reaction of the electrode material and the electrolyte, ensure the structural stability of the anode material in the process of continuously releasing and embedding lithium ions, and are beneficial to improving the cycle performance and the processing performance of the lithium ion battery.

Description

Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material.
Background
With the continuous development of society, the holding capacity of automobiles is increased sharply, which directly causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the city can also be given a number limit and a traffic control policy in succession, and the use of fuel-oil automobiles is limited. The popularization and the use of the new energy automobile can reduce the consumption of petroleum resources and also can alleviate the problem of environmental pollution caused by the emission of automobile exhaust. Batteries with high energy density, high power density, high safety performance, and long life are needed as infrastructure for use as power devices, both for energy storage and new energy vehicles. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, light weight, no environmental pollution and the like, and is rapidly developed in technical research and development, production and markets in recent years, so that a large novel industry is formed. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese (LiNi)xCoyMn1-x-yO2) The ternary material is considered as the first choice cathode material of the high energy density lithium ion battery due to the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life under low cut-off voltage, ideal crystal structure, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like, and is widely researched.
At present, the preparation method of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate cathode material mainly comprises a high-temperature solid phase method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, a hydrothermal method, a spray drying method, a molten salt method and the like. The coprecipitation method is generally used for preparing a precursor material by taking sulfates of nickel, cobalt and manganese as raw materials and carbonates, hydroxides, oxalic acid and the like as precipitants, and then the precursor material is mixed with lithium salt and calcined to prepare a product. The material prepared by adopting a coprecipitation method has uneven particle size and is almost spherical-like in shape, and the specific surface area of the material with the shape is low, so that the active sites of lithium ions are reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the material is poor. The homogeneous precipitation method utilizes a certain chemical reaction to slowly and uniformly release the crystal-forming ions in the solution from the solution. The precipitant added in the method is to make the precipitated ions slowly released in the whole solution through a certain chemical reaction and then react with the crystal-forming ions in the solution to generate precipitates. Its advantage is uniform supersaturation of crystal ions in solution, and compact and uniform particles of generated deposit. Urea is the most typical homogeneous precipitant, and slowly generates carbonate ions at a certain temperature, and when the carbonate ions are added into salt solution of nickel, cobalt and manganese, the carbonate ions can exist in the form of carbonate precipitation. The solvothermal method is a preparation method developed by adding a part of organic solvent into water on the basis of a hydrothermal method. The presence of an organic solvent can, on the one hand, increase the chemical reactivity of the reaction and thus reduce the temperature required for the reaction to take place. On the other hand, the organic solvent has the characteristics of low boiling point, small dielectric constant, large viscosity and the like, so that the solvothermal property can reach higher air pressure than that of hydrothermal synthesis at the same temperature, and the crystallization of the product is facilitated. Based on the advantages of the solvothermal method and the uniform precipitation method, if the two methods are combined, particles having a uniform particle size distribution and high crystallinity can be obtained.
Therefore, the invention takes urea as a uniform precipitator and glycol as an organic solvent, and prepares the peanut-like nickel cobalt manganese carbonate precursor material through the solvothermal reaction, and the peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate anode material is prepared through the subsequent lithium mixing and high-temperature calcination processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material. The method takes urea as a uniform precipitator and ethylene glycol as a solvent, prepares a peanut-like nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor through one-step solvothermal reaction, and obtains the peanut-like nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate anode material through a high-temperature lithiation process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) according to LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Weighing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to a specific stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.1-2 mol L-1The volume ratio of water to glycol is 0: 1-1: 0;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), wherein the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1: 1-5: 1, magnetically stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the mixture for 8 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 140 and 190 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and then washing, filtering and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor; the reaction temperature and the reaction time in the step (2) ensure the completeness of the product reaction and the uniformity of product particles;
(3) uniformly mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor prepared in the step (2) with a lithium source, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, calcining for 8-16 hours at 750-900 ℃ in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding along with the furnace to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate positive electrode material, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1-1: 1.1. the excessive lithium source in the step (3) can make up for the loss of lithium in the high-temperature calcination process, and the generation of the final product is ensured.
The peanut-like structure nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material prepared by the invention shows more excellent electrochemical performance due to the special morphology. It can be seen from fig. 1 that the secondary particles with peanut-like morphology are formed by stacking a large amount of primary nano-flaky particles. The nanometer-sized primary flaky particles shorten the migration distance of the lithium ions in the process of separation and insertion, enhance the kinetic process of the lithium ions, improve the diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions and facilitate the improvement of the discharge capacity and the rate capability of the nickel-cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery; meanwhile, the secondary peanut-like particles with the micron size reduce the side reaction of the electrode material and the electrolyte, ensure the structural stability of the anode material in the process of continuously releasing and embedding lithium ions, and are beneficial to improving the cycle performance and the processing performance of the lithium ion battery.
The soluble nickel salt is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate;
the soluble cobalt salt is one or more of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate;
the soluble manganese salt is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese acetate;
the lithium source compound is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium nitrate.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
(1) the organic solvent is added to enable the reaction to obtain particles with higher crystallinity at lower temperature compared with hydrothermal reaction;
(2) by combining the advantages of the uniform precipitation method and the solvothermal method, the production process is simplified;
(3) the urea is used as a precipitator, so that particles with smaller particle size and uniform distribution can be obtained, and the electrochemical performance of the material can be improved by the uniform particle size. As can be seen from example 3, as the urea content increases, the particles obtained will have a smaller size and a more uniform distribution. The particles with small particle size have larger specific surface area, and the larger specific surface area is also beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery. As can be seen from example 3, the lithium ion battery of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material with small particle size has better discharge capacity and cycle performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the nickel cobalt manganese carbonate precursor material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is LiNi prepared in example 10.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the materials.
FIG. 3 shows LiNi in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2X-ray diffraction pattern of the material.
FIG. 4 shows LiNi corresponding to example 30.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2The material is as followsDischarge curve at 0.2C rate.
FIG. 5 shows LiNi in example 30.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Cycle performance curve of the material at 10C rate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
0.02 mol of Ni (CH)3COO)2·4H2O (5.0789 g)、0.008 mol Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.0027g)、0.012 mol Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.97079 g) was dissolved in 400mL of deionized water to give a total metal ion concentration of 0.1 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 3: 1 7.2800 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.12mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the reaction kettle for 24 hours at 160 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material, wherein the morphology of the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material is shown in figure 1 and is flocculent peanut-shaped secondary particles consisting of primary flaky particles.
The obtained Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3Precursors with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.1, uniformly mixing, putting into a muffle furnace, calcining for 14 hours at 800 ℃ in air atmosphere, cooling and grinding with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. The shape is shown in figure 2, the peanut-like shape of the precursor is kept, and the peanut-like agglomerated particles are formed by primary small spherical particles.
Example 2
0.06 mol of NiSO4·6H2O (15.7710 g)、0.02 mol CoSO4·7H2O (5.6230 g)、0.02mol MnSO4·H2O (3.3804 g) was dissolved in 100mL deionized water and ethylene glycol at a volume ratio of 8: 1 ofThe total concentration of metal ions in the mixed solution is 0.5 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 1.5: 1 9.0999 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.15mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing, reacting at 170 ℃ for 12 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor material.
Mixing the obtained precursor with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.03 mixing uniformly, putting into a muffle furnace, calcining for 10 h at 800 ℃ in an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2Its X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in FIG. 3, all diffraction peaks can be associated with the hexagonal system α -NaFeO2The peaks of the structures correspond, the space groups all belong to R-3m, and each diffraction peak is strong and sharp, which indicates that the material has good crystallinity and no impurity peak appears.
Example 3
0.02 mol of Ni (CH)3COO)2·4H2O (5.0789 g)、0.008 mol Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.0027g)、0.012 mol Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O (2.97079 g) was dissolved in 200mL deionized water to ethylene glycol at a volume ratio of 6: 1, the total concentration of metal ions is 0.2 mol L-1According to the molar ratio of urea to metal ions of 2: 1 5.3382 g of NH were added2CONH2(0.08mol), magnetically stirring the mixed solution for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the reaction kettle for 10 hours at 180 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, filtering, washing and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese-carbonate precursor material.
The obtained Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3CO3Precursors with Li2CO3According to a molar ratio of 1: 1.05, putting the mixture into a muffle furnace after being uniformly mixed, calcining the mixture for 12 hours at 850 ℃ in air atmosphere, and cooling and grinding the mixture along with the furnace to obtain a final product LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. Mixing the material with PVDF and a conductive agent super-P according to a mass ratio of 95: 3: 2, mixing and stirring the mixture into uniformly mixed slurry, then coating the slurry on a current collector aluminum foil, putting the current collector aluminum foil into an oven, keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain a positive plate, taking a metal lithium plate as a counter electrode and 1mol/L LiPF6Ethyl Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (1: 1, Vol) are used as electrolyte, and assembled into a button cell in a glove box filled with argon, and figure 4 is a discharge curve of the cell under 0.2C multiplying power, and the 0.2C specific discharge capacity can reach 176.8mAh g-1. Fig. 5 is a cycle performance curve of the battery at a rate of 10C, and the capacity retention rate of the battery after 100 cycles at 10C can reach 90.05%.

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Weighing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to a specific stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.1-2 mol L-1The volume ratio of water to glycol is 0: 1-1: 0;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), wherein the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1: 1-5: 1, magnetically stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polyfluoroethylene lining, sealing the reaction kettle, reacting the mixture for 8 to 24 hours at the temperature of between 140 and 190 ℃, naturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and then washing, filtering and drying the obtained precipitate to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor;
(3) uniformly mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor prepared in the step (2) with a lithium source, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, calcining for 8-16 hours at 750-900 ℃ in an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, cooling and grinding along with the furnace to obtain the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium manganate positive electrode material, wherein the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1-1: 1.1.
2. the method for preparing the peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said soluble nickel salt is one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate;
the soluble cobalt salt is one or more of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate;
the soluble manganese salt is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate or manganese acetate;
the lithium source compound is one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium nitrate.
3. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.1 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 3: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 160 ℃ for 24 hours; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1.1, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, and calcining the mixture for 14 hours at 800 ℃ under an air atmosphere.
4. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.5 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 1.5: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 170 ℃ for 12 hours; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: and 1.03, placing the mixture into a muffle furnace, and calcining the mixture for 10 hours at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere.
5. The method for preparing a peanut-like lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total metal ion concentration in the step (1) is 0.2 mol L-1(ii) a In the step (2), the molar ratio of urea to metal ions is 2: 1; sealing the high-pressure reaction kettle and then reacting for 10 hours at 180 ℃; in the step (3), the molar ratio of the nickel-cobalt-manganese carbonate precursor to the lithium source compound is 1: 1.05, put into a muffle furnace and emptyCalcining at 850 deg.C for 12 h under gas atmosphere.
CN201911083848.4A 2019-11-07 2019-11-07 Preparation method of peanut-like nickel cobalt lithium manganate positive electrode material Pending CN110957488A (en)

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