CN110957476A - High-rate lithium ion power battery and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

High-rate lithium ion power battery and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110957476A
CN110957476A CN201911046229.8A CN201911046229A CN110957476A CN 110957476 A CN110957476 A CN 110957476A CN 201911046229 A CN201911046229 A CN 201911046229A CN 110957476 A CN110957476 A CN 110957476A
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positive
negative
coating
plate
lithium ion
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朱燕飞
欧瑞先
黄国文
黄延新
吴祖喜
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Shenzhen Zhuoneng New Energy Ltd By Share Ltd
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Shenzhen Zhuoneng New Energy Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-rate lithium ion power battery which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein negative active substances in a negative coating of the negative plate comprise artificial graphite A and artificial graphite B with different particle sizes and soft carbon materials coated on the artificial graphite A and the artificial graphite B, and the positive active substances in the positive coating of the positive plate comprise lithium nickel cobalt aluminate and 622 lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and are combined with the rate type diaphragm and the high-rate electrolyte to realize the effects of high capacity, strong rate discharge capacity and long charge/discharge cycle life. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-rate lithium ion power battery, and the lithium ion battery with excellent comprehensive performance can be obtained. The battery can be applied to the market field of lithium ion power batteries, and can be extended to the fields of energy storage market and digital market.

Description

High-rate lithium ion power battery and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion secondary batteries, in particular to a high-rate lithium ion power battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
18650 is a lithium ion battery, has the advantages of light weight, large capacity, no memory effect, capacity of 1200-3600 mah, cycle life twice as long as that of common battery, high safety, no explosion, no combustion, no toxicity, and no pollution. In recent years, with the continuous development of new energy industry, the application field of lithium ion batteries is wider and wider, and 18650 lithium ion batteries can be widely applied to various electronic fields: high-grade highlight flashlight, portable power supply, wireless data transmitter, electric heating thermal clothes, shoes, portable instruments and meters, portable lighting equipment, portable printers, industrial instruments, medical instruments and the like. The market of the electric automobile further drives the demand of the lithium ion power battery to be rapidly increased, and a huge revolution of the lithium ion power battery technology is caused. In the field of cylindrical 18650 power batteries, on the basis of ensuring higher discharge capacity of the batteries, the discharge rate of the batteries is improved, and the method becomes a popular subject of research in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a high-rate lithium ion power battery, which realizes the effects of high capacity, strong rate discharge capability and long charge/discharge cycle life by improving a negative electrode active material and matching an electrolyte and a diaphragm with excellent performance, can be applied to the market field of lithium ion power batteries, and can be extended to the fields of energy storage market and digital market.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-rate lithium ion power battery, which can obtain a lithium ion battery with excellent comprehensive performance.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a high-rate lithium ion power battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell; the positive plate comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil and a positive lug in conductive connection with the positive metal foil; the negative plate comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil, and a negative lug in conductive connection with the negative metal foil.
Preferably, the positive electrode coating layer includes a positive electrode active material; the positive active material comprises nickel cobalt lithium aluminate and 622 nickel cobalt lithium manganate, and D of the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate and 622 nickel cobalt lithium manganate50Is 6-10 μm.
Preferably, the anode coating layer includes an anode active material; the negative active material comprises artificial graphite A, artificial graphite B and soft carbon materials coated on the artificial graphite A and the artificial graphite B, and D of the artificial graphite A50D of the artificial graphite B is 11 to 15 mu m50Is 17-21 μm.
Further, the weight of the artificial graphite A accounts for 10-90% of the total weight of the artificial graphite A and the artificial graphite B.
Further, the diaphragm is a multiplying power diaphragm; the thickness of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 14-19 mu m, the porosity of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 45-52%, and the air permeability of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 110-130s/100 mL.
Further, the electrolyte is a high-rate electrolyte and comprises an electrolyte solvent, lithium salt and an electrolyte additive; the electrolyte solvent includes 2 parts by weight of ethylene carbonate, 1 part by weight of ethyl methyl carbonate, and 7 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate; the electrolyte additive is a combination of fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium difluoro oxalate borate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and propylene sulfite.
Further, the conductivity of the high-rate electrolyte is 10-12mS/cm, and the lithium salt concentration of the high-rate electrolyte is 1.1-1.3 mol.L-1
Further, the negative metal foil is a copper foil; the negative electrode lug is a nickel strap; the negative electrode lug comprises 2pcs negative electrode lugs which are arranged at two ends of the negative electrode piece respectively.
The single-side surface density of the negative plate is less than or equal to 80g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the negative plate is less than or equal to 120 mu m.
The single-side surface density of the positive plate is less than or equal to 160g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the positive plate is less than or equal to 110 mu m.
The width of the positive lug is 3.5-5.0 mm.
Further, the anode coating also comprises an anode conductive agent, the anode conductive agent is a high-purity carbon nano tube, and the specific surface area of the high-purity carbon nano tube is 180-250m2/g。
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of the high-rate lithium ion power battery comprises the following steps:
preparing a positive plate: mixing the components of the positive coating with a solvent to prepare a positive coating, coating the positive coating on a positive metal foil, drying at the temperature of 140 ℃, rolling, slitting and shearing the positive coating into a strip-shaped positive plate, welding a positive lug at a gap of the metal foil which is not coated with the positive coating in the middle of the positive plate, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the positive plate;
preparing a negative plate: mixing the components of the negative coating to prepare a negative coating, coating the negative coating on a positive metal foil, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling, slitting and shearing the negative coating into a strip-shaped negative plate, welding negative lugs on the metal foil which is not coated with the negative coating at the two ends of the negative plate in the length direction, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare a negative plate;
assembling the battery: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm according to the overlapping mode of the diaphragm/the negative plate/the diaphragm/the positive plate to manufacture a cylindrical winding core; welding the negative electrode tab led out from the negative plate to the bottom in a nickel-plated steel shell of the battery shell, and welding the positive electrode tab led out from the positive plate to a cap confluence plate of the battery shell by laser to prepare a semi-finished product battery core; and (3) baking the battery core, injecting 5.6-6.0g of electrolyte into the battery core in vacuum, sealing, activating, and then carrying out formation by using a specific formation process, namely assembling the long-cycle high-rate lithium ion power battery.
Preferably, the solid content of the positive electrode coating is 65-75%, and the solid content of the negative electrode coating is 40-52%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-rate lithium ion power battery has the effects of rate discharge and long cycle life, is high in safety performance, has the rated capacity of 2500mAh, has the charge-discharge limit voltage of 2.75V-4.20V, supports continuous high-rate discharge, has the maximum discharge current of 30A (namely 12CA), has the capacity retention rate of more than or equal to 80 percent after the 2A is charged for 20A and is discharged for 1000 cycles, and meets the requirements of the market on high rate and long life.
2. The positive and negative electrode active materials of the invention both adopt small-particle-size and high-power materials, and support large-current discharge; the conductive agent with excellent performance is matched to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the diaphragm with high porosity and low air permeability is used, and the electrolyte with high conductivity is injected to reduce the migration impedance of lithium ions, so that the purposes of high discharge rate and long cycle life are achieved.
3. During battery design, the optimal formula proportion is achieved by adjusting the content of various raw materials of the anode and the cathode, the conductivity of the slurry is improved, and the dynamic characteristics of the anode slurry and the cathode slurry reach the optimal performance; and through the design of the battery structure, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the high-rate discharge and long-cycle capacity of the battery is further enhanced.
4. The manufacturing method of the high-capacity, high-discharge-rate and long-cycle lithium ion power battery provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the manufactured product has excellent comprehensive performance, and the product can be applied to the field of lithium ion batteries and comprises all types of lithium ion batteries such as cylindrical lithium ion batteries, soft package lithium ion batteries and square/aluminum shell lithium ion batteries.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a high-rate lithium ion power battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. a positive plate; 2. a negative plate; 3. a safety valve; 4. a diaphragm; 5. an insulating sheet; 6. capping; 11. a positive tab; 21. and a negative tab.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-rate lithium ion power battery, which includes a positive plate 1, a negative plate 2, a diaphragm 4, an insulating plate 5, and a cap 6; the battery shell of the battery comprises a nickel-plated steel shell and a cap 6, wherein the cap 6 is a combined piece and is formed by combining a confluence piece, a safety valve 3, a steel cap and a sealing ring.
The battery also comprises electrolyte, and the electrolyte is filled in the pores of the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material and the diaphragm of the winding core, and other spaces inside the shell and outside the winding core.
The negative plate 2 comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil, and a negative tab 21 electrically connected with the negative metal foil; the negative coating comprises a negative active material, a negative binder, a negative conductive agent and a negative suspending agent.
As a further preferable mode, the negative active material is selected from the artificial graphite A with small particle size and excellent cycle and safety performanceAnd artificial graphite B, and a soft carbon material is used for coating modification, so that the negative active material has the capability of rapidly removing lithium, and the rate capability of the battery is improved. Here, D of the artificial graphite A5011-15 μm, and D50 of the artificial graphite B is 17-21 μm.
The negative electrode active material is matched with an excellent conductive agent, and the conductive agent forms a good conductive network on the negative electrode, so that the electronic conductivity of the pole piece is improved, and the resistance of the pole piece is reduced; the binding agent with excellent performance is matched, the binding power between negative electrode material particles and the binding power between the negative electrode material and a current collector are increased, good binding power is kept in the volume change process of the charge-discharge negative electrode, the falling of negative electrode powder is avoided, the structural integrity of the negative electrode plate is ensured, and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged.
As a further preferable scheme, the positive plate 1 comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil, and a positive tab 11 conductively connected with the positive metal foil; the positive coating comprises a positive active substance, a positive binder and a positive conductive agent.
Here, the positive electrode active material is selected from ternary materials of small-particle-size lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminate (NCA) and small-particle-size 622 lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Due to small particle size (D)506-10 μm) and large specific surface area (about 1.5-1.9 m)2The lithium intercalation time is short, and the quick discharge capacity is strong; the coating and doping are optimized, so that the conductivity and the cycle performance of the material are improved. The high-purity carbon nano tube is matched as the anode conductive agent, and the specific surface area of the carbon nano tube dry powder is up to 180-2And g, forming a high-efficiency stable conductive network, reducing the resistance of the positive plate, and increasing the quick discharge performance and the structural stability. In addition, the adhesive with excellent performance is selected, and the conditions of resistance rise and conductivity reduction of the pole piece caused by excessive adhesive are avoided while the adhesive force among material particles is increased and the stable structure of the pole piece is kept by using a small amount of adhesive. Therefore, the battery has the characteristics of high-rate discharge and long cycle life.
As a further preferable scheme, the battery diaphragm 4 is a multiplying-power diaphragm product, the porosity is high and is 45-52%, and the lithium ion migration path is multiple; the air permeability is lower and is 110-130s/100mL, and the lithium ion migration resistance is small; the diaphragm is thin and 14-19 mu m, and the lithium ion migration distance is short; therefore, in the discharging process, a large amount of lithium ions can rapidly pass through the diaphragm, and favorable conditions are created for realizing high-rate discharge. Meanwhile, due to the high porosity and low air permeability of the diaphragm, the liquid absorption amount of the diaphragm is greatly increased, the infiltration effect of the pole piece is enhanced, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
As a further preferable scheme, the electrolyte is a high-conductivity high-rate electrolyte, which comprises an electrolyte solvent, a lithium salt and an electrolyte additive.
The electrolyte solvent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), 1 part of Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and 7 parts of dimethyl carbonate (DMC);
the concentration of lithium salt is 1.1-1.3 mol.L-1
The electrolyte additive is a combination of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob), lithium bis fluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI) and Propylene Sulfite (PS).
Through the adjustment of the formula, the conductivity of the electrolyte is improved to 10-12mS/cm, and the lithium ions can be ensured to pass rapidly; the concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte is higher than that of the common electrolyte and reaches 1.3 mol.L-1And more active lithium ions are generated, so that the cycle life of the battery is prolonged. In addition, by adding a special electrolyte film forming additive, an SEI film with better flexibility is formed on the negative electrode, and the structural damage caused by the volume effect of graphite is reduced; meanwhile, the thickness of the formed SEI film is reduced, the impedance is reduced, and the ion conductivity is stronger, so that a large amount of lithium ions can rapidly pass through the SEI film, and the temperature rise of high-rate discharge of the battery is small while the rapid discharge is realized.
As a further preferred scheme, the electrode slice structure is designed as follows: reducing the surface density of the positive and negative plates: the single-sided surface density of the negative electrode is less than or equal to 80g/m2The single-side surface density of the positive electrode is less than or equal to 160g/m2(ii) a Reducing the thickness of the positive and negative plates: the thickness of the positive plate is less than or equal to 110 μm, and the thickness of the negative plate is less than or equal to 120 μm); the area of the pole piece is increased, so that the resistance of the pole piece is reduced; more active material is allowed to contact the electrolyte, thereby increasingThe rapid discharge capability of the battery. The battery negative pole piece flow guide lug is a nickel strip with low resistivity, the head and the tail of the negative pole piece are respectively provided with 1pcs negative pole lugs, the positive pole piece flow guide lug is an aluminum strip with widened (3.5-5.0mm), the welding position of the positive and negative pole lugs and the pole piece is adjusted, and a power type battery cap is used, so that the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the quick discharge performance and the long cycle performance of the battery are improved.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-rate lithium ion power battery, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a positive plate: mixing the components of the positive coating with a solvent to prepare a positive coating, coating the positive coating on a positive metal foil, drying at the temperature of 140 ℃, rolling, slitting and shearing the positive coating into a strip-shaped positive plate, welding a positive lug at a gap of the metal foil which is not coated with the positive coating in the middle of the positive plate, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the positive plate;
preparing a negative plate: mixing the components of the negative coating to prepare a negative coating, coating the negative coating on a negative metal foil, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling, slitting and cutting the negative coating into a strip-shaped negative plate, welding negative lugs on the metal foil which is not coated with the negative coating at the two ends of the negative plate in the length direction, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the negative plate;
assembling the battery: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm according to the overlapping mode of the diaphragm/the negative plate/the diaphragm/the positive plate to manufacture a cylindrical winding core; welding the negative electrode tab led out from the negative plate to the bottom of a nickel-plated steel shell of the battery shell, and welding the positive electrode tab led out from the positive plate to a cap confluence plate of the battery shell by laser to prepare a semi-finished product battery core; and (3) baking the battery core, injecting 5.6-6.0g of electrolyte in vacuum, sealing, activating, and then forming by using a specific forming process, namely assembling the long-cycle high-rate lithium ion power battery.
As a further preferable scheme, the solid content of the positive electrode coating is 65-75%, and the solid content of the negative electrode coating is 40-52%.
The following describes the manufacturing method and test procedure of the lithium ion battery by three preferred embodiments:
example 1
Preparing a positive plate: 97 percent by weight of positive active substance, 1.5 percent by weight of dry adhesive powder, 1.5 percent by weight of conductive agent and a proper amount of NMP solvent are mixed according to a specific feeding sequence, a stirring speed, a stirring time and a stirring temperature to prepare positive slurry with the solid content of 65-75 percent, the positive slurry is coated on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 mu m, the positive slurry is dried at the temperature of 120 plus material and 140 ℃, rolled into a positive plate with the thickness of about 107 mu m, cut into a strip shape, a positive lug is welded at the gap between the positive plates, and then high-temperature-resistant insulating gummed paper is pasted to prepare the positive plate.
Preparing a negative plate: mixing 95.2 percent by weight of artificial graphite A and B, 1.8 percent by weight of conductive graphite, 1.2 percent by weight of suspending agent dry powder, 1.8 percent by weight of SBR and a proper amount of deionized water according to a specific feeding sequence, stirring speed, stirring time and stirring temperature to prepare negative electrode slurry with the solid content of 40-52 percent, coating the negative electrode slurry on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying the copper foil at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling the negative electrode slurry into a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 142 mu m, cutting the negative electrode sheet into a strip shape, welding negative electrode lugs on the copper foil with the slurry not coated at the two ends of the negative electrode sheet, and pasting high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the negative electrode sheet.
Assembling the battery: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm in an overlapping mode of 'diaphragm/negative plate/diaphragm/positive plate' to prepare a cylindrical winding core, spot-welding the negative lug led out by the negative plate to the bottom in a nickel-plated steel shell of the battery shell, and laser-welding the positive lug led out by the positive plate to a cap confluence plate of the battery shell to prepare a semi-finished battery cell; and (3) after baking the battery core, injecting 5.6-6.0g of electrolyte in vacuum, sealing, activating, and then forming by using a specific forming process, namely assembling the long-cycle high-rate lithium ion power battery.
Testing of the battery:
the rated capacity of the battery is 2500mAh, and the charge-discharge limit voltage is 2.75V-4.20V.
And (3) capacity testing: the battery was fully charged by charging with CC-CV (cut-off current 0.01CA) using a current of 0.2CA, left to stand for 5min, and then discharged to 2.75V by constant current discharge at 0.2CA, and the battery capacity was measured.
And (3) testing the cycle life: charging to 4.2V with 2A (0.8CA) current at constant current and constant voltage, stopping current at 25mA, standing for 5min, discharging to 2.75V with 12A (8CA) current, and standing for 5 min; the cycle life test was carried out with this system.
Example 2
Preparing a positive plate: mixing 96.5 wt% of positive active material, 1.5 wt% of dry binder powder, 2.0 wt% of conductive agent and a proper amount of NMP solvent according to a specific feeding sequence, a stirring speed, a stirring time and a stirring temperature to prepare positive slurry with a solid content of 65-75%, coating the positive slurry on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 microns, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 140 ℃, rolling into a positive plate with the thickness of about 107 microns, cutting into a strip shape, welding a positive lug at a gap between the plates, and sticking high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the positive plate.
Preparing a negative plate: mixing 95.2 percent by weight of artificial graphite A and B, 2.0 percent by weight of conductive graphite, 1.2 percent by weight of suspending agent dry powder, 1.6 percent by weight of SBR and a proper amount of deionized water according to a specific feeding sequence, a stirring speed, a stirring time and a stirring temperature to prepare negative electrode slurry with the solid content of 40-52 percent, coating the negative electrode slurry on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 mu m, drying the copper foil at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling the negative electrode slurry into a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 142 mu m, cutting the negative electrode sheet into a strip shape, welding negative electrode lugs on the copper foil with the slurry not coated at the two ends of the negative electrode sheet, and pasting high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the negative electrode sheet.
Assembling the battery: the assembly is the same as in embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.
Testing of the battery: the test method is the same as that of example 1, and is not described in detail here.
Example 3
Preparing a positive plate: mixing 96 wt% of positive active material, 1.6 wt% of binder dry powder, 2.4 wt% of conductive agent and a proper amount of NMP solvent according to a specific feeding sequence, a stirring speed, a stirring time and a stirring temperature to prepare positive slurry with a solid content of 65-75%, coating the positive slurry on a metal aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 microns, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 140 ℃, rolling into a positive plate with the thickness of about 107 microns, cutting into a strip shape, welding a positive lug at a gap between the positive plates, and sticking high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the positive plate.
Preparing a negative plate: mixing 94.8 wt% of artificial graphite A and B, 2.2 wt% of conductive graphite, 1.2 wt% of suspending agent dry powder, 1.8 wt% of SBR and a proper amount of deionized water according to a specific feeding sequence, a stirring speed, a stirring time and a stirring temperature to prepare negative electrode slurry with the solid content of 40-52%, coating the negative electrode slurry on a metal copper foil with the thickness of 8 microns, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling into a negative electrode sheet with the thickness of about 142 microns, cutting and cutting into a long strip shape, welding negative electrode lugs on the copper foil which is not coated with the slurry at two ends of the negative electrode sheet, and pasting high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the negative electrode sheet.
Assembling the battery: the assembly is the same as in embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.
Testing of the battery: the test method is the same as that of example 1, and is not described in detail here.
Comparative example:
the conventional power 18650-.
The test results are given in table 1 below:
table 1 performance of examples 1-3 prepared and comparative batteries
Figure BDA0002254210700000111
Table 1 shows the results of the battery tests in example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example. As can be seen from table 1, the internal resistances of the lithium ion power batteries provided in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention are all lower than 10m Ω, and are greatly reduced compared with the conventional power 18650 type lithium ion battery; the product of the embodiment of the invention has strong rate discharge capacity under the condition of keeping the battery discharge capacity not lower than the nominal capacity, and the maximum 8C discharge capacity retention rate reaches 97.42 percent; the cycle life is long, the capacity retention rate of 2A charge and 20A discharge cycle for 1000 cycles can reach 85.05 percent at most, and the conventional power 18650-.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the scope of the present invention claimed in the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-rate lithium ion power battery is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell; the positive plate comprises a positive metal foil, a positive coating coated on the positive metal foil and a positive lug in conductive connection with the positive metal foil; the negative plate comprises a negative metal foil, a negative coating coated on the negative metal foil and a negative lug electrically connected with the negative metal foil;
the positive electrode coating layer includes a positive electrode active material; the positive active material comprises nickel cobalt lithium aluminate and 622 nickel cobalt lithium manganate, and D of the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate and 622 nickel cobalt lithium manganate506-10 μm;
the negative electrode coating includes a negative electrode active material; the negative active material comprises artificial graphite A, artificial graphite B and soft carbon materials coated on the artificial graphite A and the artificial graphite B, and D of the artificial graphite A50D of the artificial graphite B is 11 to 15 mu m50Is 17-21 μm.
2. The high-rate lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the artificial graphite A accounts for 10-90% of the total weight of the artificial graphite A and the artificial graphite B.
3. The high-rate lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator is a rate type separator; the thickness of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 14-19 mu m, the porosity of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 45-52%, and the air permeability of the multiplying power type diaphragm is 110-130s/100 mL.
4. The high-rate lithium ion power battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a high-rate electrolyte comprising an electrolyte solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive;
the electrolyte solvent includes 2 parts by weight of ethylene carbonate, 1 part by weight of ethyl methyl carbonate, and 7 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate;
the electrolyte additive is a combination of fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium difluoro oxalate borate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and propylene sulfite.
5. The high-rate lithium ion power battery of claim 4, wherein the conductivity of the high-rate electrolyte is 10-12mS/cm, and the concentration of lithium salt of the high-rate electrolyte is 1.1-1.3 mol-L-1
6. The high-rate lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative metal foil is a copper foil; the negative electrode lug is a nickel strap; the negative electrode tabs comprise 2pcs negative electrode tabs which are respectively arranged at two ends of the negative electrode piece; the width of the positive lug is 3.5-5.0 mm.
7. The high-rate lithium ion power battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-sided surface density of the negative plate is not more than 80g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the negative plate is less than or equal to 120 mu m; the single-side surface density of the positive plate is less than or equal to 160g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the positive plate is less than or equal to 110 mu m.
8. The high-rate lithium ion power battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive coating further comprises a positive conductive agent, the positive conductive agent is a high-purity carbon nanotube, and the specific surface area of the high-purity carbon nanotube is 180-250m2/g。
9. A method for preparing a high-rate lithium ion power battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
preparing a positive plate: mixing the components of the positive coating with a solvent to prepare a positive coating, coating the positive coating on a positive metal foil, drying at the temperature of 140 ℃, rolling, slitting and shearing the positive coating into a strip-shaped positive plate, welding a positive lug at a gap of the metal foil which is not coated with the positive coating in the middle of the positive plate, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the positive plate;
preparing a negative plate: mixing the components of the negative coating to prepare a negative coating, coating the negative coating on a negative metal foil, drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, rolling, slitting and cutting the negative coating into a strip-shaped negative plate, welding negative lugs on the metal foil which is not coated with the negative coating at the two ends of the negative plate in the length direction, and pasting high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive paper to prepare the negative plate;
assembling the battery: winding the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm according to the overlapping mode of the diaphragm/the negative plate/the diaphragm/the positive plate to manufacture a cylindrical winding core; welding the negative electrode tab led out from the negative plate to the bottom in a nickel-plated steel shell of the battery shell, and welding the positive electrode tab led out from the positive plate to a cap confluence plate of the battery shell by laser to prepare a semi-finished product battery core; and (3) baking the battery core, injecting 5.6-6.0g of electrolyte in vacuum, sealing, activating, and then forming by using a specific forming process, namely assembling the long-cycle high-rate lithium ion power battery.
10. The method for preparing the high-rate lithium ion power battery as claimed in claim 9, wherein the solid content of the positive electrode coating is 65-75%, and the solid content of the negative electrode coating is 40-52%.
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