CN110954740B - Recording method of lightning wave shape - Google Patents
Recording method of lightning wave shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN110954740B CN110954740B CN202010111232.XA CN202010111232A CN110954740B CN 110954740 B CN110954740 B CN 110954740B CN 202010111232 A CN202010111232 A CN 202010111232A CN 110954740 B CN110954740 B CN 110954740B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/22—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of ac into dc
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0038—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller (comparing pulses or pulse trains according to amplitude)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and particularly discloses a method for recording a lightning waveform, which comprises the following steps: generating alternating induced current for lightning current flowing through the down conductor by using a mutual inductance coil; step two: the induced current sequentially passes through a judging circuit and a sampling resistor to obtain a continuously converted induced voltage signal and generate a pulse signal; step three: when the MCU processor receives the excitation signal, the induction voltage signal continuously converted in the step two is recorded by the MCU processor, and an induction voltage waveform is formed; step four: judging whether the first half-wave is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave through a judging circuit; step five: processing a half wave corresponding to the negative current in the induced voltage waveform to obtain a converted waveform; step six: and integrating the converted waveform to obtain a lightning waveform corresponding to the lightning current. According to the invention, more real and accurate lightning waveform can be obtained by distinguishing the positive current and the negative current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, in particular to a recording method of lightning waveform.
Technical Field
Thunder is a discharge phenomenon existing in nature, when the charge amount in a cloud layer is accumulated to a certain degree, the discharge can be carried out in a lightning strike mode, the voltage of the thunder is extremely high and can reach hundreds of millions of volts, and the thunder is a catastrophic strike for a power grid; the lightning detection is very important, the characteristics of lightning current need to be researched when the lightning current is monitored, so that lightning waveform needs to be collected, and because the lightning is a very violent discharge phenomenon, the fluctuation inside the lightning waveform is very violent in the discharge process, a common recording instrument is difficult to accurately collect the lightning waveform, and research errors are caused. The lightning current comprises a positive current and a negative current, alternating current needs to be converted into direct current when the lightning current is sampled, and the obtained waveform cannot distinguish the positive current from the negative current, so that no reasonable method for recording the lightning waveform exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a recording method capable of obtaining a lightning waveform, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a recording method in a form of a lightning wave, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, lightning current is connected and transmitted to a down conductor by a lightning arrester, and then alternating induced current is generated by mutual inductance of a mutual inductance coil on the lightning current flowing through the down conductor;
step two, the induced current obtained in the step one sequentially passes through a judging circuit and a sampling resistor to form a continuously converted induced voltage signal, and when the induced current passes through the judging circuit, a pulse signal is generated;
thirdly, receiving the pulse signal generated by the judging circuit by using the MCU processor, and recording the continuously converted induced voltage signal in the second step by using the MCU processor to form an induced voltage waveform after the MCU processor receives the pulse signal generated by the judging circuit;
judging whether the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform obtained in the third step is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave according to the pulse signal received by the MCU processor;
fifthly, reserving the waveform of the positive half-wave, downwards turning the waveform of the negative half-wave along a time axis, and combining the turned waveform of the negative half-wave with the waveform of the positive half-wave to obtain a converted waveform; when the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is a positive half wave, all the 2 nth waveforms are negative half waves, and all the 2n-1 waveforms are positive half waves; when the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is a negative half wave, all the 2 nth waveforms are positive half waves, all the 2n-1 waveforms are negative half waves, wherein n is a positive integer;
and step six, integrating the converted waveform obtained in the step five by utilizing a trapezoidal algorithm to obtain a lightning waveform corresponding to the lightning current.
Furthermore, the judging circuit comprises a rectifier bridge, a front end comparator and a rear end comparator, two alternating current ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected with two ends of the mutual inductor through protective resistors, the negative electrode of the direct current end of the rectifier bridge is grounded, the front end comparator is connected to one alternating current end of the rectifier bridge, and the rear end comparator is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current end of the rectifier bridge.
Further, the determination process of the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is as follows: when the MCU firstly receives a pulse signal output by the front-end comparator, the current passing through the mutual inductance coil is a positive current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is a positive half wave; when the MCU firstly receives the pulse signal output by the rear-end comparator, the current firstly passing through the mutual inductance coil is negative current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is negative half wave.
Further, the rectifier bridge is a full bridge rectifier bridge.
Further, the mutual inductance coil is a rogowski coil.
Has the advantages that: the invention obtains the induced voltage waveform corresponding to the lightning current through the mutual inductor and the rectifier bridge, then distinguishes whether the lightning current corresponding to the rectified waveform is a positive current or a negative current according to the sequence of signals of the two comparators, processes the waveform corresponding to the negative current, and finally obtains the real lightning waveform through integration. The method can distinguish the positive current and the negative current corresponding to the induced voltage waveform through the reasonable application of the comparator, so that the obtained lightning wave shape is more real and accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of circuitry in a physical embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an induced voltage waveform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the induced voltage waveform after inversion;
fig. 5 is a restored lightning waveform.
Reference numerals: 1-a judgment circuit; 2-a front-end comparator; 3-a back-end comparator; 4-sampling resistance; 5-a rectifier bridge; 6-protective resistance; 7-mutual inductor.
Detailed Description
The method for collecting a lightning waveform provided by the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
According to the overall logic block diagram shown in fig. 1, the specific steps of recording the lightning waveform are as follows:
firstly, in a lightning environment, lightning current is received by a lightning receptor, the lightning current is transmitted to a down conductor and is safely guided to the ground by the lightning receptor, and when the lightning current passes through the down conductor, the lightning current is mutually induced by a Rogowski coil, so that alternating induced current is generated.
And secondly, induced current corresponding to lightning current sequentially passes through a judging circuit and a sampling resistor to form a continuously converted induced voltage signal, and when the induced current passes through the judging circuit, a pulse signal is generated and transmitted into the MCU processor. According to the circuit diagram shown in fig. 2, the decision circuit comprises a rectifier bridge, a front-end comparator and a back-end comparator, the rectifier bridge acting to convert an alternating induced current, two alternating current ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected with two ends of the mutual inductor, the negative electrode of the rectifier bridge is grounded, the front end comparator is connected with an alternating current end of the rectifier bridge, the rear end comparator is connected with a positive electrode of a direct current end of the rectifier bridge, the working principle of the comparator is that when the voltage input by the positive electrode is less than the reference voltage of the negative electrode, the output of the comparator is low level, when the voltage of the anode input is larger than the reference voltage of the cathode, the output of the comparator is at high level, when the output of the comparator changes from low level to high level, a pulse signal is generated, the front end comparator or the rear end comparator transmits the pulse signal to the MCU processor, and the sampling resistor is connected between the anode and the cathode of the direct current end of the rectifier bridge.
Thirdly, receiving a pulse signal generated by the judging circuit by using the MCU processor, recording an induced voltage signal continuously converted in the second step by using the MCU processor and forming an induced voltage waveform after the pulse signal generated by the judging circuit is received by the MCU processor, wherein the induced voltage waveform is as shown in figure 3, the induced voltage waveform is a waveform formed by the induced current passing through a sampling resistor, the induced voltage reaches a peak value before 8us in the actual sampling process, the change rate of the lightning current is the maximum at the moment, the induced voltage is reduced after the peak value is reached, the induced voltage is reduced to 0 after 8us, and the induced voltage becomes a negative voltage and then is converted to 0 after 8 us; since the induced current cannot distinguish between positive and negative currents after passing through the rectifier bridge, the induced voltage waveform cannot be directly integrated, and further processing is required.
And fourthly, judging whether the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform obtained in the third step is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave by using the excitation signal received by the MCU, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps: when the MCU firstly receives a pulse signal output by the front-end comparator, the current passing through the mutual inductance coil is a positive current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is a positive half wave; when the MCU firstly receives the pulse signal output by the rear-end comparator, the current firstly passing through the mutual inductance coil is negative current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is negative half wave. In the present invention, a half-wave indicates a waveform in a section from the previous ordinate to the next ordinate being zero in the waveform. The principle of the above judging process is as follows: if the mutual inductor generates positive current firstly during lightning stroke, the voltage drop is generated after the current flows through the rectifier bridge, so that the voltage input by the positive electrode of the front-end rectifier bridge exceeds the reference voltage of the comparator firstly than the voltage input by the rear-end rectifier bridge, and the MCU processor receives an excitation signal generated by the front-end comparator firstly; if lightning strike occurs, negative current is firstly generated in the mutual inductor, the current at the direct-current end of the rectifier bridge always flows from the positive pole to the negative pole of the rectifier bridge, and the negative pole at the direct-current end of the rectifier bridge is grounded, so that the positive pole input voltage of the front-end comparator is negative and cannot reach the reference voltage, and the positive pole input voltage of the rear-end comparator is positive and can exceed the reference voltage, so that pulse signals are generated and transmitted to the MCU processor.
Fifthly, reserving the waveform of the positive half-wave, turning the waveform of the negative half-wave downwards along a time axis, and combining the waveform of the turned negative half-wave with the waveform of the positive half-wave to obtain a converted waveform, wherein the converted waveform is as shown in fig. 4, when the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform in the step four is the positive half-wave, all the 2 nth waveforms are negative half-waves, when all the 2n-1 waveforms are positive half-waves, when the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform in the step four is the negative half-wave, all the 2n-1 waveforms are positive half-waves, all the 2n-1 waveforms are negative half-waves, and n is a positive integer;
and sixthly, integrating the converted waveform obtained in the fifth step by utilizing a trapezoidal algorithm to obtain a lightning waveform corresponding to the lightning current, wherein the lightning waveform is shown in fig. 5, the lightning current rapidly rises from 0 to a peak value within 0-8 us, then is reduced to 0, the lightning current is reduced to half of the peak value within 28us, and finally, the fluctuation is relatively slow until reaching 0, so that the lightning current is very violent at the beginning and then is slowly released in the actual lightning strike process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A recording method in a form of a lightning wave, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, lightning current is connected and transmitted to a down conductor by a lightning arrester, and then alternating induced current is generated by mutual inductance of a mutual inductance coil on the lightning current flowing through the down conductor;
step two, the induced current obtained in the step one sequentially passes through a judging circuit and a sampling resistor to form a continuously converted induced voltage signal, and when the induced current passes through the judging circuit, a pulse signal is generated;
thirdly, receiving the pulse signal generated by the judging circuit by using the MCU processor, and recording the continuously converted induced voltage signal in the second step by using the MCU processor to form an induced voltage waveform after the MCU processor receives the pulse signal generated by the judging circuit;
judging whether the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform obtained in the third step is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave according to the pulse signal received by the MCU processor;
fifthly, reserving the waveform of the positive half-wave, downwards turning the waveform of the negative half-wave along a time axis, and combining the turned waveform of the negative half-wave with the waveform of the positive half-wave to obtain a converted waveform; when the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is a positive half wave, all the 2 nth waveforms are negative half waves, and all the 2n-1 waveforms are positive half waves; when the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is a negative half wave, all the 2 nth waveforms are positive half waves, all the 2n-1 waveforms are negative half waves, wherein n is a positive integer;
and step six, integrating the converted waveform obtained in the step five by utilizing a trapezoidal algorithm to obtain a lightning waveform corresponding to the lightning current.
2. A recording method of a lightning waveform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the judging circuit comprises a rectifier bridge, a front end comparator and a rear end comparator, wherein two alternating current ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected with two ends of a mutual inductor through protective resistors, the negative electrode of the direct current end of the rectifier bridge is grounded, the front end comparator is connected to one alternating current end of the rectifier bridge, and the rear end comparator is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current end of the rectifier bridge.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first half-wave of the induced voltage waveform in the fourth step is determined as follows: when the MCU firstly receives a pulse signal output by the front-end comparator, the current passing through the mutual inductance coil is a positive current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is a positive half wave; when the MCU firstly receives the pulse signal output by the rear-end comparator, the current firstly passing through the mutual inductance coil is negative current, and the first half wave of the induced voltage waveform is negative half wave.
4. A recording method of a lightning waveform according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rectifier bridge is a full-bridge rectifier bridge.
5. The method of recording in a lightning waveform according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the mutual inductance coil is a Rogowski coil.
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| JPH077021B2 (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1995-01-30 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Lightning current measuring device |
| CN101135702A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2008-03-05 | 清华大学 | Impulse current measurement mechanism based on flexible Luo-coil |
| GB2458152B (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-09-29 | Insensys Ltd | Lightning detection |
| CN101320058A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2008-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | Intelligent light emission/receiving control device of thunder and lightning test equipment of overvoltage protector |
| CN102298083B (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2014-01-29 | 叶克江 | Lightning-stroke special digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) and measuring method thereof |
| CN102981038B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2016-06-22 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | A kind of sinusoidal wave sample circuit of simplification |
| CN106645904A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 长沙群瑞电子科技有限公司 | Lightning peak voltage waveform recording instrument |
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