CN107561424A - Series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT - Google Patents
Series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT, it is characterised in that this method includes following content：First, sliding DFT algorithm calculating formula is established P=1,2,3 ... in formula；Secondly, in the range of arc current characteristic spectra 40k 100kHz, three characteristic frequencies is chosen, arc current is analyzed using sliding DFT；Again, access time window is 200 μ s, and the fundamental frequency corresponding to sliding DFT algorithm is 5kHz.Sliding DFT algorithm calculating formula, the arc current data under different electrical power voltage, different loads current condition are analyzed using point-by-point sliding DFT algorithm, selected data contains, and arcing phase and arcing initial period two parts do not occur；Finally, moving average noise reduction process is carried out to sliding DFT result of calculation using 200 μ s time windows, as the criterion of arc fault identification after result of calculation then is weighted into processing.The invention has the advantages that arithmetic speed is fast and saves arithmetic element.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field, particularly a kind of series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT.
Background technology
With the rapid development of Power Electronic Technique, DC power-supply system is led in Aero-Space, ship and intelligent grid etc.
Widely applied in domain.Compared with ac power supply system, straight-flow system need not be tracked to the phase and frequency of voltage,
Circuit eddy-current loss need not be considered, it is easy to accomplish the high efficiency of transmission of electric energy, by the extensive concern of domestic and foreign scholars.However, by
Zero crossing is not present in DC current, when straight-flow system because direct current occurs for the reasons such as line insulation destruction, metal joint loosening
During arc fault, direct-current arc is difficult self-extinguish, easily causes fire incident.Direct-current arc is divided into parallel arc and series connection
Electric arc two types, parallel arc electric current are generally higher than the running current in loop, and the overcurrent protection in system can
To cut off such failure；And serial arc electric current, because being limited by line load, its current value is relatively small, generally 30A with
Under, traditional overcurrent protection can not realize effective protection to series arc faults, jeopardize system safety.Therefore, grind
DC series arc characteristic and its fault recognition method are studied carefully to ensureing that DC power-supply system safe and stable operation has important meaning
Justice.Can the key of arc fault identification be detect arc fault as early as possible and cut off circuit as early as possible, avoids electric arc from persistently firing
Burning causes serious consequence.Electric arc can utilize electric arc mostly at present when occurring with different physical features such as sound, light, electricity, magnetic
Voltage, the time domain of electric current or frequency domain character carry out Fault Identification.Literature research supply voltage, load current, electrode gap etc.
A kind of influence of the factor to direct-current arc C-V characteristic, it is proposed that hybrid direct current string based on time-domain analysis and wavelet transformation
Join method for detecting arc.Document is referred to by analyzing pulse characteristic of the supply voltage output waveform in corresponding time window
The high fdrequency component for going out arc current is concentrated mainly in 10-200kHz frequency range, and is proposed one kind accordingly and be based on power supply
The fault electric arc Time-Domain Detection Method of voltage output mutation.Literature research atmospherical discharges condition lower electrode material and electric current are big
The small influence to direct-current arc arc current high fdrequency component, the results showed that the fusing point of cathode material is higher (such as graphite), electric arc
The high fdrequency component of electric current is fewer, and the high fdrequency component of arc current increases and reduced with electric current.Above-mentioned direct current arc fault identification
Method realizes the identification of series direct current arc fault, but these are detected using Digital Signal Processings such as FFT, wavelet transformations
Method computing is complex, higher to hardware performance requirements on the premise of signal transacting requirement of real-time is met.Using straight
Flow electric arc simulation experiment platform collection series direct current arc voltage, current data, the time domain and frequency of selective analysis arc current
Characteristic of field.According to the characteristic frequency of direct-current arc, real time spectral analysis is carried out to arc current using sliding DFT algorithm, realized
Arc fault accurately identifies.
2 experiment porch are built and data acquisition
Series direct current arc generating device is devised with reference to U.S.'s UL1699B-2011 standards, the device includes one admittedly
Fixed electrode and a traveling electrode, electrode material are diameter 6.35mm copper rods.It is necessary before experiment every time due to arc erosion
Copper rod surface is subjected to grinding process, to ensure the accuracy of experiment.Drive of the traveling electrode in stepper motor and screw mechanism
Lower carry out horizontal movement, when two electrodes pull open certain distance, the electric field between the two poles of the earth makes air breakdown and maintains high energy
Amount electric discharge, so as to produce direct-current arc.The device can simulate situations such as connection loosening, loose contact in actual DC system
Under series direct current arc fault.The experimental line is in series by direct voltage source, arc generating device and load resistance.
The output voltage range of direct voltage source is 0-450V, and the adjustable range of loop load electric current is 0-30A, can simulate space flight,
The exemplary voltages grade and load current value of the straight-flow systems such as electric automobile.Yokogawa DL750 electrographic recording instrument is used in experiment
Experimental data is recorded, the recorder has 10 passage high_voltage isolation input modules, and peak input voltage is up to 850V.Electric arc electricity
Stream is gathered by Hall current sensor, and arc voltage is then directly gathered by recorder.Due to the high fdrequency component one of arc current
As within 100kHz, experimental data sample rate is taken as 2MS/s, data sampling time 0.5s.To study different electrical power voltage
With the changing rule of fault electric arc high-frequency characteristic under load current conditions, be respectively adopted two voltage class of 200V, 300V and
Tri- load current grades of 3A, 4A, 5A are tested.
The time domain and frequency domain character of 3 direct-current arc electric currents
Compared to other physical quantitys such as sound, light caused by electric arc, arc current have it is unrelated with test position, do not hindered
Hinder thing influence and be easy to measurement many advantages, such as and be widely used in arc fault diagnosis.During arc burning, due to electricity
The factor such as caused magnetic field, arc current waveform persistently become in itself when the burning of pole material, evaporation and very big arc current
Change, make arc current that there is pulse characteristic.Fig. 2 is arc current waveform under the conditions of supply voltage 300V, load current 6A
Change procedure, it can be seen that pulse change is presented in arcing initial period arc current, current amplitude excursion is 5.6A-
6A, stage pulse duration about 50ms.The pulse change process of arc current shows that the air between now arc gap is hit repeatedly
Wear, arc channel is not yet stable to be established.Current impulse disappears immediately after arc stability arcing.
Those skilled in the art are not typically using fft algorithm respectively to arcing phase, arcing initial period and stably occur
The arc current waveform of arc stage carries out spectrum analysis, and frequency analysis scope is 1k-100kHz.But use FFT spectrum point
Analysis method can realize that arc fault identifies [7,8], but this method needs to calculate all frequency spectrums of signal, operand phase
To larger, and spectrum analysis could be carried out after a cycle sampling must be completed, algorithm real-time is not also strong.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the above problems, a kind of series direct current electric arc event based on sliding DFT is devised
Hinder recognition methods.
Realize above-mentioned purpose the technical scheme is that, it is a kind of based on sliding DFT series direct current arc fault identification
Method, this method include following content：
First, sliding DFT algorithm calculating formula is established
P=1,2,3 ... in formula；
Secondly, in the range of arc current characteristic spectra 40k-100kHz, three characteristic frequencies is chosen, utilize sliding DFT
Arc current is analyzed；
Again, access time window is 200 μ s, and the fundamental frequency corresponding to sliding DFT algorithm is 5kHz.Sliding DFT is calculated
Method calculating formula, using point-by-point sliding DFT algorithm to the arc current data under different electrical power voltage, different loads current condition
Analyzed, selected data contains, and arcing phase and arcing initial period two parts do not occur；
Finally, moving average noise reduction process is carried out to sliding DFT result of calculation using 200 μ s time windows, then will meter
Calculate result and be weighted the criterion identified after processing as arc fault.
The XP(k) it is current time spectrum value, the XP-1(k) it is previous moment frequency spectrum calculated value, the x (p+N-
1) it is current time sampled value, the x (p+N-1) is a legacy data in data sequence corresponding to Xp-1 (k).
Three characteristic frequencies of the selection are respectively tri- characteristic frequencies of 40kHz, 80kHz and 100kHz.
The moving average noise reduction process method is that the N number of sampled value continuously obtained is regarded as a queue, the length of queue
Degree is fixed as N, samples a new data every time and is put into tail of the queue, and throws away a data (the first in first out original of original head of the queue
Then), N number of data in queue are carried out arithmetic average computing, obtains new filter result.
The series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT made using technical scheme, in spy
Levy the several characteristic frequency points of selection some or certain, the rule changed over time using its spectrum signature in frequency range and realize electric arc
Fault Identification, so as to improve the real-time of fault detect, reduce requirement of the algorithm to hardware, sliding DFT algorithm is effectively utilized
The operation result of previous moment, it is only necessary to the frequency spectrum that a small amount of computing can complete current time calculates, the algorithm arithmetic speed is fast,
And arithmetic element is saved, on the basis of studying herein, continue to study the concrete methods of realizing of failure criterion in next step, and use
MCU carries out hardware realization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of sliding DFT algorithm of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is selection tri- characteristic frequencies of 40kHz, 80kHz and 100kHz of the present invention and utilizes sliding DFT to electricity
The result figure that arc current is analyzed.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, such as Fig. 1-shown, a kind of series connection based on sliding DFT is straight
Arc fault recognition methods is flowed, this method includes following content：
First, sliding DFT algorithm calculating formula is established
P=1,2,3 ... in formula；
Secondly, in the range of arc current characteristic spectra 40k-100kHz, three characteristic frequencies is chosen, utilize sliding DFT
Arc current is analyzed；
Again, access time window is 200 μ s, and the fundamental frequency corresponding to sliding DFT algorithm is 5kHz.Sliding DFT is calculated
Method calculating formula, using point-by-point sliding DFT algorithm to the arc current data under different electrical power voltage, different loads current condition
Analyzed, selected data contains, and arcing phase and arcing initial period two parts do not occur；
Finally, moving average noise reduction process is carried out to sliding DFT result of calculation using 200 μ s time windows, then will meter
Calculate result and be weighted the criterion identified after processing as arc fault.Wherein, the XP(k) it is current time spectrum value, institute
State XP-1(k) it is previous moment frequency spectrum calculated value, the x (p+N-1) is current time sampled value, and the x (p+N-1) is Xp-1
(k) legacy data in data sequence corresponding to；Three characteristic frequencies of the selection be respectively 40kHz, 80kHz and
Tri- characteristic frequencies of 100kHz；The moving average noise reduction process method is that the N number of sampled value continuously obtained is regarded as a team
Row, the length of queue is fixed as N, samples a new data every time and be put into tail of the queue, and throws away a data of original head of the queue
(first in first out), N number of data in queue are carried out arithmetic average computing, obtain new filter result.
According to traditional fft algorithm, the FFT computings at continuous two moment are mutually isolated.However, for continuous two
Sample data has very big similitude in the window at individual moment, and the two difference is only before substituted for the sampled value at current time
First input value of one moment sample；And for two time windows not far from one another, the sample at current time is by before
Preceding several input values of sample are given up in one window, and are finally adding several new samples.Sample data is in the time domain
Similitude will necessarily make its frequency spectrum certain contact be present, if it is known that the frequency spectrum of previous window, it is possible to pass through simple recursion
Computing obtains the frequency spectrum at current time, and this sliding window for being equivalent to be slided with the time with a regular length selects sample
This, this algorithm that N point DFT (discrete Fourier transform) are calculated in a sliding window is referred to as sliding DFT algorithm.Utilize
Sliding DFT algorithm can easily obtain the rule that some frequency or certain several frequency signal amplitude change over time, and
Other spectrum components need not be calculated.This feature of sliding DFT algorithm is especially suitable for the processing of fault electric arc electric current.Consider to calculate
The requirement of real-time of method, arc fault identification is carried out using point-by-point sliding DFT algorithm, its algorithm principle is as shown in Figure 1.
According to sliding DFT shift theory, if the frequency spectrum of intraoral k-th of the frequency cells of previous moment time slip-window is
In formula, X0 (k) is the frequency spectrum of k-th of frequency cells；X (n) represents the discrete-time signal of previous moment input；N
Counted for window data；For twiddle factor.
Formula (1) is deployed
According to formula (2) can recursion go out the frequency spectrums of intraoral k-th of the frequency cells of later moment in time time slip-window
With formula (3) as can be seen that two formula twiddle factor items are identical, difference is corresponding to X1 (k) comparison expression (2)
Data sequence adds a new element x (N), while removes Geju City element x (0), so
By that analogy, it can be deduced that the frequency spectrum of intraoral k-th of product road unit of any time p time slip-window is
P=1,2,3 in formula ....
Formula (5) is the calculating formula of sliding DFT algorithm, it can be seen that calculates current time frequency spectrum Xp (k) to work as, then
Only previous moment frequency spectrum calculated value Xp-1 (k) need to be added current time sampled value x (p+N-1), then subtract Xp-1 (k) and correspond to
Data sequence in a legacy data x (p+N-1), finally carry out phase shift calculating.Remove initial calculation value X0 (k) outside, only need
Real addition and a complex multiplication twice are carried out with regard to Xp (k) calculated value can be obtained, its amount of calculation is fairly small, is especially suitable for
The real-time processing of signal.
In the range of arc current characteristic spectra 40k -100kHz, tri- feature frequencies of 40kHz, 80kHz and 100kHz are chosen
Rate, arc current is analyzed using sliding DFT.List is for the accuracy of spectrum analysis, the time of sliding DFT algorithm
The longer the better for window, and the minimum value of its time length of window depends on the low-limit frequency of measured signal.The lowest frequency of arc current
Rate unit is 40kHz, and corresponding time window is 25 μ s, i.e., the minimum time window of sliding DFT algorithm is 25 μ s.However, root
According to sliding DFT algorithm principle, if analyzed signal amplitude changes suddenly, the result of calculation of sliding DFT has to pass through
One window period can be only achieved stabilization, and long time window may influence the real-time of system response.Therefore, it is necessary to select
A more appropriate time window is selected, requirement of real-time can be met, and can meets precision of analysis requirement.Chosen in text
Time window is 200 μ s, and the fundamental frequency corresponding to sliding DFT algorithm is 5kHz.According to formula (5), using point-by-point sliding DFT
Algorithm is analyzed the arc current data under different electrical power voltage, different loads current condition, and selected data contains not
Generation arcing phase and arcing initial period two parts.Because actual current signal contains certain noise jamming, it is
Interference effect is eliminated, moving average noise reduction process is carried out to sliding DFT result of calculation using 200 μ s time windows.It can see
Go out, when arc current pulsing changes, 40kHz, 80kHz and 100kHz spectral magnitude change.Signal frequency is got over
Height, its spectral magnitude is smaller, but the rate of change of signal spectrum is more obvious.With arc current sliding DFT under the conditions of 200V, 4A
Exemplified by result of calculation, before and after arc fault occurs, 40kHz signal intensities nearly 7 times, and 80kHz signals and 100kHz letters
Number about 10 times and about 46 times are changed respectively.Therefore, can be by the way that different frequency signals be set with certain threshold value respectively, and incite somebody to action
Its result of calculation is weighted the criterion as arc fault identification after processing.
Above-mentioned technical proposal only embodies the optimal technical scheme of technical solution of the present invention, the technology people of the art
Member embodies the principle of the present invention to some variations that some of which part may be made, and belongs to the protection model of the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of series direct current arc fault recognition methods based on sliding DFT, it is characterised in that this method is included in following
Hold：
First, sliding DFT algorithm calculating formula is established
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P=1,2,3 ... in formula；
Secondly, in the range of arc current characteristic spectra 40k-100kHz, three characteristic frequencies are chosen, using sliding DFT to electricity
Arc current is analyzed；
Again, access time window is 200 μ s, and the fundamental frequency corresponding to sliding DFT algorithm is 5kHz.Sliding DFT algorithm meter
Formula, the arc current data under different electrical power voltage, different loads current condition are divided using point-by-point sliding DFT algorithm
Analysis, selected data contains, and arcing phase and arcing initial period two parts do not occur；
Finally, moving average noise reduction process is carried out to sliding DFT result of calculation using 200 μ s time windows, then will calculates and tie
Fruit is weighted the criterion as arc fault identification after processing.
2. the series direct current arc fault recognition methods according to claim 1 based on sliding DFT, it is characterised in that institute
State XP(k) it is current time spectrum value, the XP-1(k) it is previous moment frequency spectrum calculated value, the x (p+N-1) is current time
Sampled value, the x (p+N-1) are a legacy datas in data sequence corresponding to Xp-1 (k).
3. the series direct current arc fault recognition methods according to claim 1 based on sliding DFT, it is characterised in that institute
Three characteristic frequencies for stating selection are respectively tri- characteristic frequencies of 40kHz, 80kHz and 100kHz.
4. the series direct current arc fault recognition methods according to claim 1 based on sliding DFT, it is characterised in that institute
It is that the N number of sampled value continuously obtained is regarded as a queue to state moving average noise reduction process method, and the length of queue is fixed as N,
Sampling a new data is put into tail of the queue every time, and throws away a data (first in first out) of original head of the queue, in queue
N number of data carry out arithmetic average computing, obtain new filter result.
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| CN111398750A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Arc identification method and system for arc identification |
| CN112526243A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Sectional type direct current arc noise model, parameter optimization and identification method |
| CN114720764A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏森维电子有限公司 | Harmonic analysis method and system based on real-time monitoring data of electric meter |
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| CN114720764A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏森维电子有限公司 | Harmonic analysis method and system based on real-time monitoring data of electric meter |
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Application publication date: 20180109 |