CN110954267A - Three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and device - Google Patents
Three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110954267A CN110954267A CN201911248498.2A CN201911248498A CN110954267A CN 110954267 A CN110954267 A CN 110954267A CN 201911248498 A CN201911248498 A CN 201911248498A CN 110954267 A CN110954267 A CN 110954267A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/10—Determining the moment of inertia
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and a device, wherein the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit comprises a photoelectric conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a controller; the photoelectric conversion circuit receives the measuring laser reflected by the target reflector and converts the measuring laser into an analog measuring signal; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used for converting the analog measurement signal into a digital measurement signal; and the controller is used for calculating the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to the digital measurement signal. The technical scheme of the invention eliminates the influence of artificial reaction time on the measurement result and improves the measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and device.
Background
An important physical quantity of the rotation of the rigid body is the moment of inertia, and the magnitude of the moment of inertia of the object is considered in many research fields and industrial designs, so that the determination of the moment of inertia of the object has important practical significance. The three-line pendulum is a common method for measuring the moment of inertia of a rigid body in a laboratory. In this experiment, the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum is measured, and the moment of inertia of the rigid body is calculated according to a preset formula, and the measurement of the rotation period usually uses a second meter to record the time required by the preset times of the three-wire pendulum swinging, and the average value is taken to calculate the rotation period.
However, the manual timing has a certain reaction time, and the deflection angle cannot be limited to be large, so that the method has a large error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit, aiming at improving the precision of the rotational inertia of an object.
In order to achieve the purpose, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit provided by the invention comprises a photoelectric conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving the measuring laser reflected by the target reflector and converting the measuring laser into an analog measuring signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used for converting the analog measurement signal into a digital measurement signal;
and the controller is used for calculating the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to the digital measurement signal.
Preferably, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit further includes an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is configured to amplify the analog signal and then input the amplified analog signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
Preferably, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit further comprises a memory, and the memory is connected with the controller; and the controller stores the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to a preset period.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion circuit includes a position sensor, a first end of the position sensor is grounded, and the position sensor is connected to the amplifying circuit.
Preferably, the amplifying circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor and an operational amplifier; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a first end of the first resistor is connected with a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the first resistor is connected with a positive power supply; the second end of the second resistor is connected with a negative power supply; the first end of the first capacitor is connected with the positive phase input end of the operational amplifier, the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier, the first end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device, which includes an output interface circuit and the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit;
and the output interface circuit is used for processing the rotation period obtained by the calculation of the controller and outputting the processed rotation period to the preset terminal equipment.
Preferably, the output interface circuit comprises a data conversion chip, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth resistor and a first voltage regulator tube; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the data conversion chip comprises a chip selection input end, a latch input end, a serial data input end, a serial clock input end, a first reference voltage input end and a second reference voltage input end; the chip selection input end, the latch input end, the serial data input end and the serial clock input end are all connected with the controller; the first reference voltage input end is grounded through the second capacitor; the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with a power supply, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the cathode of the first voltage-regulator tube, and the anode of the first voltage-regulator tube is grounded; and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second reference voltage input end.
Preferably, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device further comprises a liquid crystal display screen, and the data conversion chip further comprises an output end; and the output end of the data conversion chip is connected with the data interface of the liquid crystal display screen.
According to the technical scheme, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit is formed by arranging the photoelectric conversion circuit, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit and the controller. The photoelectric conversion circuit receives the measuring laser reflected by the target reflector, the measuring laser is converted into an analog measuring signal, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the analog measuring signal into a digital measuring signal, and the controller calculates the rotation period of the three-line pendulum according to the digital measuring signal. The technical scheme of the invention eliminates the influence of artificial reaction time on the measurement result and improves the measurement precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first functional block diagram of a three-wire pendulum rotation period measurement circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second functional block diagram of a three-wire pendulum rotation period measurement circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the photoelectric conversion circuit in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an output interface circuit in the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device according to the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 100 | Photoelectric conversion circuit | SEN | |
| 200 | Analog-to-digital conversion circuit | U1 | |
| 300 | Controller | U2 | |
| 400 | Amplifying circuit | U3 | |
| 500 | Memory device | VD1 | First voltage regulator tube |
| R1～R4 | First to fourth resistors | C1～C3 | First to third capacitors |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should be considered to be absent and not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit includes a photoelectric conversion circuit 100, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200, and a controller 300; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photoelectric conversion circuit 100 is configured to receive the measurement laser reflected by the target mirror, and convert the measurement laser into an analog measurement signal. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200 is configured to convert the analog measurement signal into a digital measurement signal; the controller 300 is configured to calculate a rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to the digital measurement signal. In this embodiment, the controller 300 is implemented by a single chip.
In the measurement, an optical lever system is formed by a helium neon laser and a position sensor, and the minute movement of the object is detected by amplification using the optical lever system.
In this embodiment, 632.8nm red light emitted by He-Ne laser is reflected to the position sensor by the reflector on the three-line pendulum disk, and when the pendulum disk swings periodically at a small angle, the light lever enlarges the small rotation, so that the light spot moves linearly back and forth on the position sensor. Meanwhile, the position sensor converts the position change into an electric signal, the electric signal is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module after being processed by the amplifying circuit, the digital signal is sent into the single chip microcomputer for calculation processing, finally, the position waveform data is displayed on the LED display screen in real time, and meanwhile, the three-line pendulum is stored periodically, so that the data can be analyzed subsequently.
The position sensor converts the light spot position signal into a current signal by using the photoelectric effect. The position sensor has the advantages of high response speed, high position resolution, output which is irrelevant to the intensity of incident light and only relevant to the position of an irradiation spot, and the like.
According to the technical scheme, the photoelectric conversion circuit 100, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200 and the controller 300 are arranged, so that the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit is formed. The photoelectric conversion circuit 100 receives the measurement laser reflected by the target mirror, converts the measurement laser into an analog measurement signal, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200 converts the analog measurement signal into a digital measurement signal, and the controller 300 calculates the rotation period of the three-line pendulum according to the digital measurement signal. The technical scheme of the invention eliminates the influence of artificial reaction time on the measurement result and improves the measurement precision.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit further includes an amplifying circuit 400, and the amplifying circuit 400 is configured to amplify the analog signal and then input the amplified analog signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200. The electrical signal output by the position sensor is usually weak, and is easily subjected to environmental electromagnetic interference during transmission, which results in affecting the measurement result, and in order to eliminate the effect, the weak electrical signal is amplified and then output to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 200 in this embodiment.
Further, with continued reference to fig. 2, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit further comprises a memory 500, the memory 500 being connected to the controller 300; the controller 300 stores the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to a preset period.
By providing the memory 500, a plurality of sets of measured rotation periods can be stored, and the average value of these rotation periods is calculated, thus improving the accuracy of the rotation period measurement.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the photoelectric conversion circuit 100 includes a position sensor SEN having a first end grounded, and the position sensor SEN is connected to the amplification circuit 400. In this embodiment, the position sensor SEN is a PSD position sensor. A PSD position sensor is an optical detector that can measure the continuous position of a light spot on the detector surface. Is a novel photoelectric device or coordinate photoelectric cell. It is a non-split device that converts the spot location on the photosurface into an electrical signal.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 3, the amplifying circuit 400 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first capacitor C1, and an operational amplifier U1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with a first end of the second resistor R2, and a second end of the first resistor is connected with a positive power supply + VCC; a second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with a negative power supply-VCC; a first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, a second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal 5 of the operational amplifier U1, a first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to a first terminal of the second capacitor, and a second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to a second terminal of the second capacitor.
In this embodiment, positive power supply + VCC is used to provide a positive voltage, and negative power supply-VCC is used to provide a negative voltage. The positive voltage and the negative voltage are introduced by a positive power supply end 3 and a negative power supply end 4 of the operational amplifier U1, and a bypass capacitor is arranged to form a filter circuit, so that the interference of power supply ripple waves is eliminated, the input noise is reduced, and the signal to noise ratio is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device, which includes an output interface circuit and the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit, where the output interface circuit is configured to process a rotation period calculated by the controller 300 and output the processed rotation period to a preset terminal device. The specific structure of the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit refers to the above embodiments, and since the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and no further description is given here.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the output interface circuit includes a data conversion chip U3, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth resistor R4, and a first voltage regulator VD 1. The controller 300 includes a control chip U2.
The data conversion chip U3 comprises a chip select input terminal CS, a latch input terminal LDAC, a serial data input terminal DIN, a serial clock input terminal SCLK, a first reference voltage input terminal AGNDS and a second reference voltage input terminal AGNDF; the chip selection input end CS, the latch input end LDAC, the serial data input end DIN and the serial clock input end SCLK are all connected with the control chip U2; the first reference voltage input AGNDS is grounded via the second capacitor C2; a first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with a power supply VCC, a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with a cathode of the first voltage-regulator tube VD1, and an anode of the first voltage-regulator tube VD1 is grounded; a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second reference voltage input terminal AGNDF.
In this embodiment, the data conversion chip U3 is used to convert the digital signal output by the controller 300 into an analog signal, which is convenient for a later terminal device to receive and display.
Further, the output interface circuit further comprises a liquid crystal display, and the data conversion chip U3 further comprises an output end; and the output end of the data conversion chip U3 is connected with a data interface of the liquid crystal display screen.
It is worth to say that, through the real-time display of the rotation period by the liquid crystal display screen, the user can intuitively and clearly obtain the experiment result, the man-machine interaction is realized, and the user experience is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit is characterized by comprising a photoelectric conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit and a controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photoelectric conversion circuit is used for receiving the measuring laser reflected by the target reflector and converting the measuring laser into an analog measuring signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used for converting the analog measurement signal into a digital measurement signal;
and the controller is used for calculating the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to the digital measurement signal.
2. The circuit for measuring the rotation period of a three-wire pendulum of claim 1, wherein the circuit for measuring the rotation period of a three-wire pendulum further comprises an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is configured to amplify the analog signal and input the amplified signal to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
3. The three-wire pendulum rotation period measurement circuit of claim 2, further comprising a memory, the memory coupled to the controller; and the controller stores the rotation period of the three-wire pendulum according to a preset period.
4. A three-wire pendulum cycle measuring circuit according to any of claims 2 to 3, wherein the photoelectric conversion circuit comprises a position sensor, a first end of the position sensor is connected to ground, and the position sensor is connected to the amplifying circuit.
5. The three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit of claim 2, wherein the amplifying circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, and an operational amplifier; wherein
A first end of the first resistor is connected with a first end of the second resistor, and a second end of the first resistor is connected with a positive power supply; the second end of the second resistor is connected with a negative power supply; the first end of the first capacitor is connected with the positive phase input end of the operational amplifier, the second end of the first capacitor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier, the first end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the second end of the third resistor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
6. A three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device, characterized in that, the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device comprises an output interface circuit and a three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
and the output interface circuit is used for processing the rotation period obtained by the calculation of the controller and outputting the processed rotation period to the preset terminal equipment.
7. The three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device of claim 6, wherein the output interface circuit comprises a data conversion chip, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth resistor and a first voltage regulator tube; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the data conversion chip comprises a chip selection input end, a latch input end, a serial data input end, a serial clock input end, a first reference voltage input end and a second reference voltage input end; the chip selection input end, the latch input end, the serial data input end and the serial clock input end are all connected with the controller; the first reference voltage input end is grounded through the second capacitor; the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with a power supply, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the cathode of the first voltage-regulator tube, and the anode of the first voltage-regulator tube is grounded; and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second reference voltage input end.
8. The three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device of claim 7, wherein the three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring device further comprises a liquid crystal display, and the data conversion chip further comprises an output terminal; and the output end of the data conversion chip is connected with the data interface of the liquid crystal display screen.
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| CN201911248498.2A CN110954267A (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and device |
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| CN201911248498.2A CN110954267A (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Three-wire pendulum rotation period measuring circuit and device |
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