CN110954144B - Full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation method and device of optical fiber FP sensor - Google Patents
Full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation method and device of optical fiber FP sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation method and a device of an optical fiber FP sensor, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor; fitting full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on a sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve; determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data; and determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level. The method fully utilizes all spectral information, obtains a more accurate fitting function in a sine form, eliminates or reduces the influence of high-frequency fluctuation in the spectrum, and improves the acquisition precision of peak points and/or valley points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation method and device of an optical fiber FP sensor and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
The optical fiber FP (Fabry-Perot ) sensor has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, high precision and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, navigation, energy sources and the like. The most core structure of the optical fiber FP sensor is an FP cavity, incident light is reflected and transmitted for multiple times between two end faces of the FP cavity to form a group of reflected light beams, and the reflected light beams are interfered to form a reflection spectrum with interference characteristics. When the reflectivity of the cavity end face of the optical fiber FP is low, the light intensity of the third reflected light is far smaller than that of the first two reflected lights, so that the double-beam interference generated by the first two reflected lights can be considered. At this time, the spectrum of the fiber FP sensor is a nearly sinusoidal signal.
The intensity demodulation method is a common optical fiber FP sensor spectrum signal demodulation method. The external physical quantity (such as signals of temperature, strain, vibration and the like) can cause the intensity of the output signal of the optical fiber FP sensor to change, and the change is mainly reflected in the spectral movement and deformation of the optical fiber FP sensor. By detecting the wavelength corresponding to the peak value on the spectrum, the change of the wavelength corresponding to the spectrum peak value of the optical fiber FP sensor under the influence of the external physical quantity can be obtained, so that the corresponding relation between the physical quantity and the wavelength change is established. In general, in data processing, the wavelengths corresponding to the peak points are obtained by performing statistics on the data points near the peak and fitting the statistics.
At present, an intensity demodulation method has two defects, namely, the spectrum of an optical fiber FP sensor is not a strict sine curve, and high-frequency fluctuation exists on the spectrum, so that a larger error exists when the peak in a fitting spectrum is calculated in a statistical manner; secondly, only data near the peak value is adopted for statistical calculation, the data of the full spectral domain is not fully utilized, the data utilization rate is low, and the reliability of the obtained result is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for demodulating a full spectrum signal of an optical fiber FP sensor aiming at least part of defects, so as to solve the problems of large error and poor reliability of the spectrum signal of the optical fiber FP sensor in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method for an optical fiber FP sensor, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor;
s2, fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve;
s3, determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data;
and S4, determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level.
Preferably, in step S1, the acquiring full spectrum data of the fiber FP sensor further includes:
s1-1, collecting a full spectrum signal of the optical fiber FP sensor by using a spectrometer;
and S1-2, extracting the acquisition result of the spectrometer by using a computer to obtain full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor.
Preferably, in step S2, when the full spectrum data is fit by using the least square method based on the sine function expression, the sine function expression is: y is a sin (b λ + c) + d, where λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the intensity of light, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients.
Preferably, in step S3, when determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data, the expression is:
wherein b and c are fitting coefficients lambda1At the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ2K is the interference order and is an integer at the upper end of the wavelength range.
Preferably, in step S4, when determining the wavelength corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the fitted curve, the wavelength corresponding to the peak satisfies the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients, k is interference level, and lambdaPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainThe wavelength corresponding to the trough.
The invention also provides a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation device of the optical fiber FP sensor, which comprises:
the data module is used for acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor;
the fitting module is used for fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve;
the value taking module is used for determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data;
and the output module is used for determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level and outputting the wavelength.
Preferably, the fitting module is based on a sine function expression, and when the least square method is adopted to fit the full spectrum data, the sine function expression is as follows: y is a sin (b λ + c) + d, where λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the intensity of light, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients.
Preferably, when the value taking module determines the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data, the expression is as follows:
wherein b and c are fitting coefficients lambda1At the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ2K is the interference order and is an integer at the upper end of the wavelength range.
Preferably, when the output module determines the wavelength corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the fitted curve, the wavelength corresponding to the peak satisfies the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients, k is interference level, and lambdaPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainThe wavelength corresponding to the trough.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the above.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation method and a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation device of an optical fiber FP sensor. The method and the device obtain an accurate fitting function in a sine form through fitting of all data of a spectral domain, and eliminate or reduce the influence of high-frequency fluctuation in a spectrum when solving a spectral peak value; by fitting all data instead of fitting part or part of the data, the utilization rate of the data is improved, and the acquisition precision of the peak point and/or the valley point is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method of an optical fiber FP sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a raw spectrum corresponding to full spectrum data of a fiber FP sensor;
FIG. 3 is a fitting curve obtained by fitting the raw spectrum shown in FIG. 2 by a least squares method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the raw spectra to the fitted curve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the optical fiber FP sensor, incident light is reflected and transmitted for multiple times through an FP cavity, multiple reflected lights are formed on the end face of the FP cavity, and when the end face of the FP cavity is invertedAt lower refractive indices, e.g., less than 4%, the intensity of the third reflected light (i.e., the light beam formed by the third reflection) is negligible. For this reason, the intensity of the reflected light I is taken into account only when interference occurs between the light beams formed by the first two reflections(t)And the intensity of incident light I(i)Satisfies the following formula:
in the formula, R is the end face reflectivity of the FP cavity, d is the length of the FP cavity, and lambda is the wavelength of incident light.
The formula is an approximate sine function, i.e., the spectrum of the fiber FP sensor can be considered as an approximate sine curve.
As shown in fig. 1, the full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method of the optical fiber FP sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor.
The full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor refers to a data set of light intensity corresponding to each wavelength value in the whole spectrum detection range available by a demodulator device, and can be expressed as (wavelength, light intensity).
The full spectrum data comprises a group of data points consisting of wavelength and light intensity, and therefore the original spectrum of the optical fiber FP sensor can be obtained. As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a raw spectrum corresponding to full spectrum data of a fiber FP sensor.
Preferably, in step S1, the acquiring full spectrum data of the fiber FP sensor further includes:
and S1-1, collecting full spectrum signals of the optical fiber FP sensor by using a spectrometer.
The full spectrum signal of the optical fiber FP sensor reflects the corresponding light intensity information under different wavelengths.
And S1-2, extracting the acquisition result of the spectrometer by using a computer to obtain full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor.
And S2, fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve.
As the spectrum of the optical fiber FP sensor can be considered as an approximate sine curve, the step is to fit all the spectral data based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitted curve which is closest to the spectrum of the optical fiber FP sensor. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a fitting curve obtained by fitting the raw spectrum shown in fig. 2 by the least square method. The comparison between the original spectrum and the fitted curve is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the sinusoidal function fitted by using the full spectrum data well reflects the signal in the original spectrum, and eliminates the high-frequency fluctuation in the original spectrum.
Preferably, in step S2, when the full spectrum data is fit by using the least square method based on the sine function expression, the sine function expression is:
y＝a*sin(b*λ+c)+d；
wherein, λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the light intensity, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients.
Further, the least squares fitting of the full spectrum data may employ the following formula:
where, i-1 … … n represents the data serial number, n represents the total number of full spectrum data, and the wavelength λiCorresponding to an actual light intensity of yiThe fitted light intensity is y ═ a × sin (b × λ)i+ c) + d. So that fminAnd (5) solving the fitting coefficients a, b, c and d at minimum.
In particular, to maintain the accuracy of the calculation, the parameters of the sine function (fitting coefficients a, b, c, d) are preferably kept at least four decimal places. In one embodiment as shown in fig. 2-4, the function y is 331.0459 sin (0.1961 λ +5.7068) + 9282.7863.
And S3, determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data.
In the full spectrum data, there are peaks and/or valleys corresponding to different, finite interference levels. Wavelength range lambda corresponding to full spectrum data1～λ2Lower limit of wavelength range λ1And an upper limit of the wavelength range λ2Taken into the inequality:
wherein, b and c are fitting coefficients obtained in step S2.
The expression for obtaining the value range of the interference level k is as follows:
wherein k is an integer. Since the integer number falling within the range of values may be one or more, the step of finding the interference level k may result in one or more values.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2-4, the start-stop wavelength of the spectrometer (i.e., the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ)1Upper limit of wavelength range lambda2) 1529nm and 1568.84375nm, respectively, so that the value range of the interference level k can be calculated as follows: 48.387<k<49.631, k is an integer, so k is 49.
And S4, determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level.
In step S4, the k values obtained in step S3 are each solved, and the corresponding wavelength value is solved.
Preferably, in step S4, when determining the wavelength corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level, the wavelength corresponding to the peak satisfies the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients obtained in step S2, k is the interference level obtained in step S3, and λPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainIs a wave troughThe corresponding wavelength. According to the formula, the wavelength value corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the obtained spectrum can be solved, and the full spectrum signal fitting demodulation of the optical fiber FP sensor is realized.
In the embodiments shown in fig. 2 to 4, by substituting the corresponding formulas, 0.1961 × λ +5.7068 ═ pi/2 +49 × (2 pi), the wavelength value corresponding to the peak is 1548.6425nm, and similarly, the wavelength values corresponding to the valley are 1532.6248nm and 1564.6601 nm.
The full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method of the optical fiber FP sensor provided by the invention adopts a sine function fitting mode to obtain a more accurate function relation, can accurately obtain the wavelength values corresponding to wave crests and/or wave troughs, eliminates or reduces the interference of high-frequency signals in the spectrum, and reduces the influence of high-frequency fluctuation in the spectrum on the demodulation result; in addition, the method makes full use of the information of the full spectrum, and improves the utilization rate of the spectrum data, thereby further improving the resolving precision of the spectrum wave crest and/or the spectrum wave trough.
The invention also provides a full-spectrum signal fitting demodulation device of the optical fiber FP sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a data module, a fitting module, a value taking module and an output module.
The data module is used for acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor. And the fitting module is used for fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve. And the value taking module is used for determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data. And the output module is used for determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level and outputting the wavelength.
Preferably, the fitting module is based on a sine function expression, and when the least square method is adopted to fit the full spectrum data, the sine function expression is as follows: y is a sin (b λ + c) + d, where λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the intensity of light, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients.
Further, when the value module determines the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data, the expression is as follows:
wherein b and c are fitting coefficients lambda1At the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ2K is the interference order and is an integer at the upper end of the wavelength range.
Further, when the output module determines the wavelength corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the fitted curve, the wavelength corresponding to the peak satisfies the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients, k is interference level, and lambdaPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainThe wavelength corresponding to the trough.
Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method for the optical fiber FP sensor described in any of the above embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed, the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above can be included, and will not be repeated here.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A full spectrum signal fitting demodulation method of an optical fiber FP sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor;
s2, fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve;
s3, determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data;
s4, determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level;
in step S2, when the full spectrum data is fitted by using the least square method based on the sine function expression, the sine function expression is: y ═ a × sin (b × λ + c) + d, where λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the intensity of light, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients;
in step S3, when determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data, the expression is:
wherein b and c are fitting coefficients lambda1At the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ2K is the interference order and is an integer at the upper end of the wavelength range.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor further includes:
s1-1, collecting a full spectrum signal of the optical fiber FP sensor by using a spectrometer;
and S1-2, extracting the acquisition result of the spectrometer by using a computer to obtain full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S4, when determining the wavelength corresponding to the peak and/or the trough in the fitted curve, the wavelength corresponding to the peak satisfies the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients, k is interference level, and lambdaPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainThe wavelength corresponding to the trough.
4. A full spectrum signal fitting demodulation device of a fiber FP sensor is characterized by comprising:
the data module is used for acquiring full spectrum data of the optical fiber FP sensor;
the fitting module is used for fitting the full spectrum data by adopting a least square method based on the sine function expression to obtain a fitting curve;
the value taking module is used for determining the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data;
the output module is used for determining the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve according to the value of the interference level and outputting the wavelength;
wherein, the fitting module is based on the sine function expression, and when the least square method is adopted to fit the full spectrum data, the sine function expression is as follows: y ═ a × sin (b × λ + c) + d, where λ is the wavelength of incident light, y is the intensity of light, and a, b, c, d are fitting coefficients;
when the value taking module determines the value of the interference level according to the wavelength range corresponding to the full spectrum data, the expression is as follows:
wherein b and c are fitting coefficients lambda1At the lower limit of the wavelength range, λ2K is the interference order and is an integer at the upper end of the wavelength range.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: when the output module determines the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest and/or the wave trough in the fitting curve, the wavelength corresponding to the wave crest meets the following expression:
bλpeak(s)+c＝π/2+2kπ；
The wave length corresponding to the wave trough satisfies the following expression:
bλgrain+c＝-π/2+2kπ；
Wherein b and c are fitting coefficients, k is interference level, and lambdaPeak(s)Is the wavelength corresponding to the peak, λGrainThe wavelength corresponding to the trough.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| 光纤法布里-珀罗传感器的条纹计数法解调误差研究;许亨艺;《光子学报》;20170118(第12期);第1-5页 * |
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