CN110953952A - Geometric element size and position simulation device and method based on tolerance - Google Patents
Geometric element size and position simulation device and method based on tolerance Download PDFInfo
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- CN110953952A CN110953952A CN201911239792.7A CN201911239792A CN110953952A CN 110953952 A CN110953952 A CN 110953952A CN 201911239792 A CN201911239792 A CN 201911239792A CN 110953952 A CN110953952 A CN 110953952A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation device and a simulation method for the size and the position of a geometric element based on tolerance, and the simulation device for the size and the position of the geometric element based on tolerance comprises the following steps: the device comprises an installation platform, a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device and a width element simulation device; the spherical geometric element simulation devices are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the size and/or position of the spherical geometric elements; the simulation devices of the plurality of cylindrical geometric elements are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the cylindrical geometric elements; the simulation devices of the width elements are all arranged on the mounting platform and used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the width elements. The simulation device for the spherical surface, the cylindrical surface and the width elements can simulate the sizes and the positions of target elements and reference elements related to tolerance-related requirements, and provides a physical model for detecting transfer tolerances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tolerance and measurement, in particular to a geometric element size and position simulation device and method based on tolerance.
Background
The tolerance principle is the principle to be followed to determine the relationship between dimensional and geometric tolerances, and includes independent principles and related requirements. Tolerance-related requirements are a general term for containment requirements, maximum physical requirements, minimum physical requirements, and reversibility requirements, among others. The tolerance-related requirements can be applied to obtain both tolerance compensation benefits, i.e. reward tolerance and transfer tolerance. The reward tolerance is a value which is compensated mutually because the size error or the geometric error of the measured element does not reach the margin of the tolerance value; the transfer tolerance is a value compensated for the geometric tolerance of the target element by the margin of error that the dimensional and geometric errors of the reference element do not reach the tolerance value. The reward tolerance and the transfer tolerance can enlarge the inspection tolerance value of the measured element, so that the qualification rate of the part is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Although shifting tolerances can improve manufacturing efficiency, the application of the associated requirements in an actual manufacturing process is problematic. The current tolerance representation method merely represents the relationship between the dimensions and the geometric errors of the measured object element and the reference element, and does not completely give a calculation method of the transfer tolerance. The prior art calculation of the transfer tolerance is only limited to the case that a single datum follows the relevant requirement, and the transfer tolerance calculation of a plurality of datums following the tolerance relevant requirement has no general calculation formula. There is no universal method for measuring transfer tolerances for different reference combinations, and therefore parts inspection methods that are theoretically and practically devoid of reference application tolerance-related requirements are not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a simulation device of the size and the position of a geometric element based on tolerance, so as to provide a physical model for detecting transfer tolerance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tolerance-based simulation of geometric feature size and position, comprising: the device comprises an installation platform, a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device and a width element simulation device;
the spherical geometric element simulation devices are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the size and/or position of the spherical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the plurality of cylindrical geometric elements are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the cylindrical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the width elements are all arranged on the mounting platform and used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the width elements.
Further, the simulation device of the geometric elements of the cylinder comprises a simulation device of a geometric element of a horizontal cylinder and a simulation device of a geometric element of a vertical cylinder.
Furthermore, the spherical geometric element simulation device and the horizontal cylindrical geometric element simulation device respectively comprise a first V-shaped block, a second V-shaped block, a first rack, a second rack, a first screw, a support plate and a first knob; the first V-shaped block is provided with a first lug, the first lug is provided with a threaded hole for a first screw to pass through, and the threaded hole on the first lug is in threaded connection with the first screw; a slide way for a first lug of a first V-shaped block to slide is arranged between the first rack and the second rack, and the lug of the first V-shaped block is arranged in the slide way between the first rack and the second rack; the second V-shaped block is provided with a second lug, and the second lug of the second V-shaped block is respectively connected with one end of the first rack and one end of the second rack through screws; the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block are arranged oppositely; the supporting plate is respectively connected with the other ends of the first rack and the second rack through screws; the supporting plate is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the first screw rod with the first knob, and the first knob is connected with one end of the first screw rod through threads; the distance between the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block is adjusted by rotating the first knob to enable the first screw rod connected with the first knob to rotate, and the first screw rod rotates to drive the first V-shaped block to move in the slideway.
Furthermore, the edges of the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block of the spherical geometric element simulation device are mutually vertically arranged in space; the edges of the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block of the simulation device of the horizontal cylindrical geometric elements are arranged in parallel in space.
Furthermore, the simulation device for the geometric elements of the vertical cylinder comprises a cylinder, a third frame, a second screw, a first baffle, a second baffle, a moving body and a second knob; the cylinder is arranged on the moving body; the moving body is provided with a threaded hole for the second screw to pass through, and the threaded hole in the moving body is in threaded connection with the second screw; the moving body is also provided with a third lug, the third rack is provided with a first groove for the third lug of the moving body to slide, and the third lug of the moving body is arranged in the first groove; the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively connected with two ends of the third rack through screws; the first baffle is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the second screw rod with the second knob, and the second knob is connected with one end of the second screw rod through threads.
Furthermore, the width element simulation device comprises a first flat plate, a second flat plate, a fourth frame, a third screw, a third baffle, a fourth baffle and a third knob; the first flat plate and the second flat plate are respectively provided with a threaded hole for a third screw to pass through, and the threaded holes on the first flat plate and the second flat plate are in threaded connection with the third screw; the first plate is provided with a fourth convex block, the second plate is provided with a fifth convex block, the fourth rack is provided with a fourth convex block of the first plate and a second groove for sliding the fifth convex block of the second plate, and the fourth convex block of the first plate and the fifth convex block of the second plate are arranged in the second groove; the third baffle and the fourth baffle are respectively connected with two ends of a fourth rack through screws; the third baffle is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the third screw rod with the third knob, and the third knob is connected with one end of the third screw rod through threads.
Furthermore, the third screw is a bidirectional screw, and the rotation directions of threads at two ends of the bidirectional screw are opposite.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the first frame, the third frame and the fourth frame are provided with scales.
Furthermore, the mounting platform is provided with a threaded hole for fixing a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device and a width element simulation device.
Correspondingly, a simulation method of the simulation device of the geometric element size and position based on tolerance is also provided, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, receiving the fixed directions of the spherical geometric element simulation device, the cylindrical geometric element simulation device and the width element simulation device on an installation platform;
s2, acquiring a standard combination type to be simulated, and installing each simulation device corresponding to the simulated standard combination type on an installation platform;
s3, adjusting different sizes and position states of the reference elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated reference combination type;
s4, obtaining target elements to be simulated, and installing a simulation device corresponding to the geometric type of the simulated target elements on an installation platform;
and S5, adjusting different sizes and position states of the target elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated target elements.
Compared with the prior art, the device designed by the invention considers the influences of relevant parameters such as geometric types, combination modes, position distribution, geometric and dimensional tolerance values and the like of the target element and the reference element; the special device is designed for representing the geometric elements of three geometric types, namely a width element, a cylindrical surface and a spherical surface, and the special mounting platform is designed for fixing the simulation device, so that various combinations of the target element simulation device and the reference element simulation device on the mounting platform are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a spherical geometric element simulation apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic illustration of calculating a sphere radius and a sphere center position provided in accordance with an embodiment one;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a simulation apparatus for geometric elements of a vertical cylinder according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation apparatus for three vertical cylindrical geometric elements according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of calculating the radius and position of a vertical cylinder according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a simulation apparatus of a horizontal column according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a simulation apparatus for a width component according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a mounting platform according to one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the fixing position and the installation direction of the simulation apparatus on the platform when only one spherical reference element is provided in the reference system provided in the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fixing position and an installation direction of the simulation apparatus on the platform when two spherical reference elements exist in the reference system provided in the first embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the fixing position and the installation direction of the simulation apparatus on the platform when all three reference elements provided by the first embodiment are spherical reference elements;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the fixing position and the installation direction of the simulation device of the horizontal cylindrical reference element on the platform according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the fixing position and the installation direction of the width element simulation device on the platform according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of example parts provided in connection with the second embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the whole assembly of the reference system simulation device of parts on the mounting platform provided in the second embodiment;
101, a first V-shaped block; 102. a second V-shaped block; 1. a first frame; 2. a second frame; 3. a third frame; 4. a fourth frame; 5. a first screw; 6. a second screw; 7. a third screw; 8. a support plate; 9. a first knob; 10. a second knob; 11. a third knob; 12. a first baffle plate; 13. a second baffle; 14. a third baffle plate; 15. a fourth baffle; 16. a moving body; 17. a cylinder; 18. a first plate; 19. a second plate; 20. a straight line; 21. dotted circle.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a simulation device for the size and the position of geometric elements based on tolerance.
The basic concept involved in the present invention is as follows:
design limit states of geometric elements: the design limit state when the maximum entity requirement is adopted is the maximum entity state or the maximum entity effect state of the geometric elements; the design limit state when the minimum entity requirement is adopted is the minimum entity state or the minimum entity effect state of the geometric element.
Simulation reference element (DFS): the simulated reference element is a reference element inverse geometric shape having the ideal geometry of the reference element and encompassing the actual surface of the reference element. For example, the mandrel cylinder used in the process of detecting a hole is a simulated reference element of the hole. In terms of position requirements, the simulation reference elements of the low-order reference must maintain a nominal relative positional relationship with the simulation reference elements of the high-order reference.
Design simulation reference element (D _ DFS) and measurement simulation reference element (M _ DFS): d _ DFS is the DFS corresponding to the reference element in the limit state given by design in the part drawing, and M _ DFS is the DFS corresponding to the reference element in the actual state.
Example one
The embodiment provides a simulation device of geometric element size and position based on tolerance, which comprises:
the device comprises an installation platform, a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device and a width element simulation device;
the spherical geometric element simulation devices are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the size and/or position of the spherical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the plurality of cylindrical geometric elements are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the cylindrical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the width elements are all arranged on the mounting platform and used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the width elements.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the spherical geometric element simulation apparatus includes: the device comprises a first V-shaped block 101, a second V-shaped block 102, a first rack 1, a second rack 2, a first screw 5, a support plate 8 and a first knob 9; the first V-shaped block 101 is provided with a first bump, the first bump is provided with a threaded hole for the first screw 5 to pass through, and the threaded hole on the first bump is in threaded connection with the first screw 5; a slide way for a first lug of the first V-shaped block 101 to slide is arranged between the first rack 1 and the second rack 2, and the lug of the first V-shaped block 101 is arranged in the slide way between the first rack 1 and the second rack 2; the second V-shaped block 102 is provided with a second bump, and the second bump of the second V-shaped block 102 is respectively connected with one end of the first rack 1 and one end of the second rack 2 through screws; the first V-block 101 is disposed opposite to the second V-block 102; the supporting plate 8 is respectively connected with the other ends of the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 through screws; the supporting plate 8 is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the first screw 5 with the first knob 9, and the first knob 9 is connected with one end of the first screw 5 through threads; the other end of the first screw 5 is connected to a second V-block 102. The edges of the first V-shaped block 101 and the second V-shaped block 102 of the spherical geometric element simulation device are arranged vertically in space.
The edges of the first V-shaped block 101 and the second V-shaped block 102 of the spherical geometric element simulation device are mutually vertical in space, and the radius and the center position of the sphere can be determined in space according to the positions of the first V-shaped block 101 and the second V-shaped block 102. As the distance between the first and second V- blocks 101 and 102 changes, the radius and center position of the sphere also change.
The core element of the simulation device of the spherical reference element is a first V-block 101 and a second V-block 102 which intersect at 90 degrees in space, and the diameter and the central position of the spherical surface can be simulated by changing the relative position between the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102. As shown in fig. 1, the spatial coordinate system is for specifying the position of the center of the sphere, and the origin of the coordinate system in the drawing is fixed to the bottom vertex of the first frame 1, and the positive directions of the respective coordinate axes are specified according to the right-hand rule. The second V-shaped block 102 is connected with one end of the first frame 1 and one end of the second frame 2 through screws; the first V-block 101 adjusts the position of the first V-block 101 between the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 through the first screw 5, that is, by rotating the first knob 9 to rotate the first screw 8 connected to the first knob 9, the first screw 8 rotates to drive the first V-block 101 to move in the slide way, so as to adjust the distance between the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102. The thread pitch of the threads on the first screw 5 is 1 mm; the first frame 1 of the simulation device is provided with 0-50 mm scales which represent the adjustable range of the device. The outer cylindrical surface of the first knob 9 fixed to the first screw 5 is equally divided into 40 equal parts, so that each rotation of the first knob 9 by one scale means that the first V-block 101 moves (1/40) in the direction of the first screw 5, which is 0.025mm of the analog device. The two V-shaped surfaces of the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 of the simulation device form an included angle of 150 degrees in space. In fig. 1, the simulated spherical surface of the device is tangent to the four surfaces of the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102, and the edges of the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 are perpendicular to each other in space.
In this embodiment, since the relationship between the inscribed spherical radius and the distance between the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 is not easily analyzed due to the spatial relationship between the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 in which the edges of the two V-blocks are perpendicular to each other, but since the second V-block 102 is in contact with one surface of the sphere, the distance between the second V-block 102 and the center of the sphere is not changed by rotating the second V-block 102. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the second V-block 102 is rotated by 90 degrees so that the two edges are parallel and the plane passing through the two edges is parallel to the plane of the rack, so that it is very easy to calculate the distance relationship between the radius of the ball and the two V-blocks. The first V-block 101 and the rotated second V-block 102 are truncated by a plane perpendicular to the dihedral edge, and the resulting sectional shape is shown in fig. 2.
Although the same holds true for the four planes after rotation, resulting in a cylinder rather than a sphere, the radii of the cylinder and the sphere are the same, with the center of the sphere also being at the center line of the cylinder. As shown in fig. 2a, when two first V-shaped blocks 101 and two second V-shaped blocks 102 contact each other, the first V-shaped block 101 and the second V-shaped block 102 have a section that forms a diamond with a side length of 20mm and two adjacent sides of 150 degrees, and the radius of the inscribed sphere is: 20sin15 degrees cos15 degrees is 5mm, and the coordinates of the sphere center under the established space rectangular coordinate system are (5, -20, 40.5). When the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 are separated, the plane where the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 contact in fig. 2a is taken as a reference plane, and when the distance between the first V-block 101 and the reference plane is L, the cross-sectional view of the first V-block 101, the second V-block 102 and the sphere is specifically as shown in fig. 2b, the coordinates of the center of the sphere in the simulation apparatus coordinate system are (5+ L/2, -20, 40.5), and the radius r of the sphere is (20+ L/2sin15 °)/4. The minimum value of L is 0mm, the radius of the simulated sphere is 5mm, the maximum value of L is 50mm, and the radius of the simulated sphere is maximum
In this embodiment, the simulation means of the cylindrical geometric elements includes simulation means of a horizontal cylindrical geometric element and simulation means of a vertical cylindrical geometric element.
In this embodiment, the simulation apparatus for the vertical cylindrical geometric element, as shown in fig. 3, includes: the device comprises a cylinder 17, a third frame 3, a second screw 6, a first baffle 12, a second baffle 13, a moving body 16 and a second knob 10; the cylinder 17 is provided on the moving body 16; the moving body 16 is provided with a threaded hole for the second screw 6 to pass through, and the threaded hole on the moving body 16 is in threaded connection with the second screw 6; the moving body 16 is further provided with a third bump, the third frame 3 is provided with a first groove for the third bump of the moving body 16 to slide, and the third bump of the moving body 16 is arranged in the first groove; the first baffle plate 12 and the second baffle plate 13 are respectively connected with two ends of the third rack 3 through screws; the first baffle plate 12 is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the second screw rod with the second knob 10, and the second knob 10 is connected with one end of the second screw rod 6 through threads; the other end of the second screw 6 is connected with a second baffle 13.
The combination of such a simulation of the three vertical cylinder geometry results in three cylinders, the three cylinder axes of which spatially determine the diameter and position of a vertical cylinder. The size and position of the vertical cylinder can be changed by changing the positions of the three axes.
As shown in fig. 4, the simulator of the vertical column is composed of a combination of three simulators of geometric elements of the vertical column, which results in three columns 17 that are parallel to each other, adjustable in their relative positions, and not in a plane with respect to each other. The three axes of the cylinder 17 can simulate the three generatrices of the cylinder reference element, and the position of the three axes of the cylinder 17 can determine the radius and the position of one cylinder element. The simulator of a vertical column shown in fig. 3 shows a position adjustment device for a generatrix, and three identical vertical column simulators are mounted together to simulate the position and size of a cylindrical reference element. In the vertical cylindrical simulation devices of fig. 4, the center lines of the second screws 6 of two vertical cylindrical simulation devices are collinear, the other vertical cylindrical simulation device is positioned in the middle of the two vertical cylindrical simulation devices, and the center lines of the second screws 6 of the three vertical cylindrical simulation devices are positioned in the same plane. The cylinder position adjusting range of the vertical cylindrical simulator is 0-40 mm, and the fine adjustment resolution of the vertical cylindrical simulator is 0.025 mm.
The coordinate system determining the position and size of the elements of the cylinder is defined by the centre line of the second screw 6 of the simulator of the three vertical cylinders, as shown in figure 4. Since the cylinder axes of the three vertical cylinder simulator are always parallel to the z-axis, the positions of the axes of the three cylinders 17 on the XOY coordinate plane can be used to calculate the position and size of the simulated cylinder reference elements.
As shown in FIG. 5, the projections of the axes of the three cylinders 17 on the XOY plane are three points, and the three points are respectively moved on the straight line 20 in the figure within the ranges of [ -48, -8], [8, 48] and [18, 58 ]. Assuming that the dashed circle 21 in the figure represents a cylinder of known size and position, it is provided that the simulation means of a vertical cylinder can only be guaranteed to simulate this cylinder if the dashed circle 21 has an intersection with the respective straight lines 20 of the positive and negative half-axes of the X-axis and the Y-axis. Assuming that the coordinates of the projection of the axis of the simulated cylindrical reference element on the XOY plane are (m, n) and the radius of the cylindrical reference element is r, the equation of the circle in the coordinate system of fig. 5 is:
(x-m)2+(y-n)2＝r2(1.1)
let the intersection point of the dotted circle 21 and the X-axis be (X)10) and (x)20), then x is obtained from the formula (1.1)1And x2The values of (a) are as follows:
x1＝m+(r2-n2)1/2x2＝m-(r2-n2)1/2(1.2)
note x1And x2X is required to be more than or equal to 81X is not less than 48 and-48 is not less than2≤-8。
The intersection of the dotted circle 21 and the Y-axis is assumed to be (0, Y)1) And (0, y)2) Then, y is obtained from the formula (1.1)1And y2The values of (a) are as follows:
y1＝n+(r2-m2)1/2y2＝n-(r2-m2)1/2(1.3)
according to FIG. 5, only Y need be taken on the Y-axis1A value of (a), note y1Has a value range of 18 to y1≤58。
In this embodiment, the simulation device of the horizontal cylinder is shown in fig. 6, and includes a first V-block 101, a second V-block 102, a first frame 1, a second frame 2, a first screw 5, a support plate 8, and a first knob 9; the first V-shaped block 101 is provided with a first bump, the first bump is provided with a threaded hole for the first screw 5 to pass through, and the threaded hole on the first bump is in threaded connection with the first screw 5; a slide way for a first lug of the first V-shaped block 101 to slide is arranged between the first rack 1 and the second rack 2, and the lug of the first V-shaped block 101 is arranged in the slide way between the first rack 1 and the second rack 2; the second V-shaped block 102 is provided with a second bump, and the second bump of the second V-shaped block 102 is respectively connected with one end of the first rack 1 and one end of the second rack 2 through screws; the first V-block 101 is disposed opposite to the second V-block 102; the supporting plate 8 is respectively connected with the other ends of the first frame 1 and the second frame 2 through screws; the supporting plate 8 is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the first screw 5 with the first knob 9, and the first knob 9 is connected with one end of the first screw 5 through threads; the other end of the first screw 5 is connected to a second V-block 102. The edges of the first V-shaped block 101 and the second V-shaped block 102 of the simulation device of the horizontal cylindrical geometric elements are arranged in parallel in space.
The structure of the horizontal cylinder simulator is similar to that of a ball, and the difference is that the edges of the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 of the simulator are parallel to each other, so that the size and the position of a horizontal cylinder can be spatially determined by the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102. As the distance between the first and second V- blocks 101 and 102 varies, the size and the position of the central axis of the horizontal cylinder also vary.
The horizontal cylinder simulator is basically the same in structure as the spherical geometric element simulator, as shown in fig. 6, except that the edges of the first V-block 101 and the second V-block 102 are spatially arranged in parallel to each other. The simulation device of the horizontal cylinder can simulate the cylinder with the size of (20+ L/2sin 15) per 4, the coordinate of the central line on the coordinate system of the simulation device is x-5 + L/2, and z-40.5. The specific implementation manner is as described in the description of the spherical geometric element simulation apparatus, and is not described herein in detail.
In the present embodiment, the width element simulation device includes, as shown in fig. 7, a first flat plate 18, a second flat plate 19, a fourth frame 4, a third screw 7, a third baffle 14, a fourth baffle 15, and a third knob 11; the first flat plate 18 and the second flat plate 19 are respectively provided with a threaded hole for the third screw 7 to pass through, and the threaded holes on the first flat plate 18 and the second flat plate 19 are in threaded connection with the third screw 7; the first flat plate 18 is provided with a fourth convex block, the second flat plate 19 is provided with a fifth convex block, the fourth rack 4 is provided with a second groove for the fourth convex block of the first flat plate 18 and the fifth convex block of the second flat plate 19 to slide, and the fourth convex block of the first flat plate 18 and the fifth convex block of the second flat plate 19 are arranged in the second groove; the third baffle plate 14 and the fourth baffle plate 15 are respectively connected with two ends of the fourth frame 4 through screws; the third baffle 14 is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the third screw 7 with the third knob 11, and the third knob 11 is connected with one end of the third screw 7 through threads; the other end of the third screw 7 is connected with a fourth baffle 15.
A first flat plate 18 and a second flat plate 19 are vertically arranged in the width element simulation device, and the first flat plate 18 and the second flat plate 19 are both provided with threaded holes and are connected with a third screw 7 through a screw. The first plate 18 and the second plate 19 are driven to move along the direction of the third screw 7 by rotating the third screw 7, so that the size of the width element and the position of the central plane of the width element can be determined according to the positions of the first plate 18 and the second plate 19.
The width element refers to a geometric element consisting of two parallel planes with opposite normal directions, namely a straight groove element and a rib plate element. The width element simulation device is shown in fig. 7, a groove is formed in the middle of the fourth frame 4, and two parallel first flat plates 18 and second flat plates 19 are connected with the third screw 7 through thread matching, wherein the third screw 7 is a bidirectional screw. The fourth projection of the first plate 18 and the fifth projection of the second plate 19 are placed in the grooves to limit the rotation of the first plate 18 and the second plate 19. On the bidirectional screw rod, a third knob 11 with scales is fixed at one end of the third screw rod 7 through a screw, and a control right-handed screw rod, namely a control second flat plate 19, is arranged at one end close to the third knob 11; the other end is a control left-handed screw, namely a control first flat plate 18; the screw threads at the two ends have the same thread parameters except for different screwing directions. When the third screw 7 is rotated, the first plate 18 and the second plate 19 are engaged with each other by the screw threads to open and close the third screw 7 in the axial direction and move the same distance, and the position of the central plane is not changed.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the first knob 9, the second knob 10, and the third knob 11 are all the same knobs, and the knobs are provided with threads.
In this embodiment, the mounting platform is a platform for providing mounting for various simulation devices, and when the various simulation devices are used for simulating geometric element systems of different combination types, the simulation devices corresponding to the geometric elements need to be combined and assembled, so that the simulation devices need to be mounted on the mounting platform. The various simulation devices comprise a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device, a width element simulation device and the like.
The whole device is used for simulating the combination condition of various geometric elements and is applied to the calculation of the transfer tolerance of the target element of the part under the condition that the target element and various reference elements are combined under the tolerance-related requirement, a reference system adopted by the part can involve a plurality of reference elements, and the designed mounting platform is used for fixing the simulation device. The number of various reference elements is obtained by analyzing the reference combination type of the parts, then the mounting platform is divided into different areas, and the threaded holes are formed in the platform and used for fixing the simulation device.
As shown in fig. 8, the mounting platform is divided into 5 areas, and each simulation apparatus is fixed to a different area of the mounting platform by screws. The simulation device which can be installed in each area of the installation platform is as follows: a sphere simulation device is installed in the region No. 1, a cylindrical hole and sphere simulation device is installed in the region No. 2, a cylindrical hole simulation device is installed in the region No. 3, a cylindrical hole and straight groove simulation device is installed in the region No. 4, and a cylindrical hole and straight groove simulation device is installed in the region No. 5; as shown in fig. 9-13.
The specific installation and adjustment process is as follows:
defining the fixed direction of the simulation device on the mounting platform; defining a target element and a reference element to be simulated, and installing and fixing a simulation device in a corresponding area of the installation platform; and adjusting the simulation device to obtain different sizes and position states of the geometric elements.
The device designed by the embodiment considers the influences of relevant parameters such as geometric types, combination modes, position distribution, geometric and dimensional tolerance values and the like of geometric elements; the special device is designed for representing the reference elements of three geometric types, namely a straight groove, a rib plate, a cylindrical surface and a spherical surface, and the simulation device is fixed by designing the special mounting platform, so that various combinations of the simulation device on the mounting platform are realized.
Correspondingly, the embodiment also discloses a geometric element size and position simulation method based on tolerance, which comprises the following steps:
s11, receiving the fixed directions of the spherical geometric element simulation device, the cylindrical geometric element simulation device and the width element simulation device on the mounting platform;
s12, acquiring a standard combination type to be simulated, and installing each simulation device corresponding to the simulated standard combination type on an installation platform;
s13, adjusting different sizes and position states of the reference elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated reference combination type;
s14, obtaining target elements to be simulated, and installing a simulation device corresponding to the geometric type of the simulated target elements on an installation platform;
and S15, adjusting different sizes and position states of the target elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated target elements.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a simulation apparatus for geometric element size and position based on tolerance, which is different from the first embodiment in that:
the present embodiment further illustrates the specific use of the apparatus for simulation objects by an example component.
In the engineering drawing shown in fig. 14, the through hole Φ 42 ± 0.25mm is one measured element in the drawing, and the three reference elements of the position tolerance Φ 0.2mm are the two holes D, E and the one ball F, respectively. The hole D is a first reference element, the nominal size of the hole is phi 48mm, the upper limit deviation is +0.25mm, the lower limit deviation is-0.25 mm, and the hole position tolerance of the reference hole D determined by taking three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the part as reference elements is 0.25 mm. And the standard hole D adopts the maximum entity requirement, and the variation range of the diameter of the simulation standard element corresponding to the qualified standard D is 47.5mm-48.25 mm. The second reference element is a hole E, the tolerance principle and the tolerance value of the hole E are the same as those of the reference D, so that the diameter variation range of the simulation reference element corresponding to the qualified reference E is also 47.5mm-48.25 mm. The third reference element is a spherical surface F, the nominal size of the spherical surface F is Sci 36mm, the upper limit deviation is +0.25mm, the lower limit deviation is-0.25 mm, the position tolerance of the spherical surface F is 0.3mm, the spherical surface F adopts the maximum entity requirement, and the diameter variation range of the simulation reference element corresponding to the spherical surface F with qualified size is 35.45mm-36.25 mm.
Fig. 15 shows the installation of three reference element simulation devices on the installation platform, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) a simulation device of a spherical surface is installed at the No. 1 position, 35.45mm-36.25mm is the diameter range of a simulation reference element under the qualified condition of the ball, the diameter is selected to be 36mm, the radius r is 18mm, the formula r is (20+ L/2o)/4, the L is calculated to be 26.92mm, and the sphere is adjusted to the target position by combining scales on the device. By definition of the maximum physical requirement, when the ball is 36mm in diameter, it is reflected on the mounting platform that the centre of the ball should be limited to the area of the ball which is 168mm from the upper end face of the mounting platform, 135mm from the left end face and 0.55mm in diameter. Combining the initial installation position of the simulation device on the installation platform and the installation platform coordinate system, obtaining the coordinates of the sphere center under the installation platform coordinate system as (0, -23.5, 40.5) according to the coordinate transformation matrix, and when L is 26.92mm, the coordinates of the sphere center under the installation platform coordinate system as (0, -10.04, 40.5). The distance between the reference element and the left end face of the mounting platform meets the requirements of the drawing, but the distance between the center of the sphere and the upper end face is 180-10.04 mm which is 169.96 mm. The groove width of the groove in the simulation device rack of the platform position ball 1 is 4.5mm, the length is 12mm, and the diameter of the screw is 4mm, so that the simulation device can translate 8mm in the Y-axis direction of the mounting platform coordinate system. In order to make the position of the center of sphere meet the requirement, the simulator in the initial position needs to be pushed 1.685-2.235mm along the negative direction of the Y axis. Different states of the reference ball in qualified conditions can be obtained by the same operation.
(2) And a vertical cylindrical element simulation device is installed at the No. 2 position. The diameter range of the simulated reference element of the reference element hole D under qualified conditions is 47.5mm-48.25 mm. The center line of the default hole is superposed with the Z axis of the simulation device coordinate system, and at the moment, the center line of the hole is 73.5mm away from the left end face of the mounting platform and 180mm away from the upper end face, so that the position requirement in a part drawing is met. The radius r of the hole is 24mm, the coordinates m and n of the center are all equal to 0, and the data are substituted into the calculation to obtain x 1-24, x 2-24 and y 1-24. The centre line of the 24mm hole, defined by the maximum physical requirement, should be limited to a region of a cylinder with a diameter of 0.5mm, located 73.5mm from the left end face of the mounting platform, 180mm from the upper end face. After the initial state of the simulation device is adjusted, different states of the reference hole under qualified conditions are obtained through a knob of the simulation device and a calculation formula of three coordinates.
(3) Another vertical cylinder element simulator is installed at position No. 4. The installation method is the same as that of the simulation device installed at the position No. 2, and the adjustment process is also the same. The central axis of the default hole is coincident with the Z axis of the simulation device coordinate system, the distance from the central axis to the upper end face of the mounting platform is 180mm, the distance from the central axis to the left end face of the mounting platform is 196.5mm, and requirements on a part drawing are met. And similarly, the radius r of the hole is taken to be 24mm, the limit range of the center line of the hole is determined, and the specific positions of the generatrices in the three directions are adjusted by a knob to obtain different states of the hole.
(4) And a third vertical cylindrical element simulation device is arranged at the No. 5 position of the mounting platform and is used for simulating the target element hole, and after the positions of the three reference elements on the mounting platform are determined, the position of the target element hole can be defined through the three reference elements. The distance between the target element hole and the connecting line of the central points of the two reference holes is required to be 106.5mm in the two-dimensional drawing of the part, and the connecting line of the central points of the target element and the central point of the reference ball is perpendicular to the connecting line of the central points of the two reference holes. Firstly, the simulation device at the No. 5 position is adjusted according to the positions of the three reference elements on the mounting platform. The center line of the default hole is superposed with the Z axis of the simulation device coordinate system, the radius r of the hole is 21mm, the coordinates m and n of the center of the circle are all equal to 0, the same calculation mode is adopted to obtain that x1 is 21, x2 is-21, y1 is 21, and the data obtained by calculation in the three directions are all in an adjustable range. And according to the position relation between the threaded hole formed in the No. 5 position and the threaded holes in other positions, the position of the target element hole meets the position requirement in the part drawing.
After the three reference elements and the target element are installed and fixed on the corresponding positions on the installation platform, the size of each reference element is adjusted through the adjusting knob of each simulation device, the size of the reference element positioning element of the real part is simulated, and therefore simulation of the real part is achieved. The coordinate measuring machine can also be used for measuring the whole set of simulation device, so that the large-batch simulation of actual parts is realized.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tolerance-based simulation of the size and position of geometric elements, comprising: the device comprises an installation platform, a spherical geometric element simulation device, a cylindrical geometric element simulation device and a width element simulation device;
the spherical geometric element simulation devices are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the size and/or position of the spherical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the plurality of cylindrical geometric elements are arranged on the mounting platform and are used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the cylindrical geometric elements;
the simulation devices of the width elements are all arranged on the mounting platform and used for simulating the sizes and/or positions of the width elements.
2. A tolerance-based simulation of the size and position of geometric elements according to claim 1, wherein the simulation of cylindrical geometric elements comprises a simulation of horizontal cylindrical geometric elements and a simulation of vertical cylindrical geometric elements.
3. The tolerance-based geometric element size and position simulator of claim 2, wherein the spherical geometric element simulator and the horizontal cylindrical geometric element simulator each comprise a first V-block, a second V-block, a first frame, a second frame, a first screw, a support plate, a first knob; the first V-shaped block is provided with a first lug, the first lug is provided with a threaded hole for a first screw to pass through, and the threaded hole on the first lug is in threaded connection with the first screw; a slide way for a first lug of a first V-shaped block to slide is arranged between the first rack and the second rack, and the lug of the first V-shaped block is arranged in the slide way between the first rack and the second rack; the second V-shaped block is provided with a second lug, and the second lug of the second V-shaped block is respectively connected with one end of the first rack and one end of the second rack through screws; the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block are arranged oppositely; the supporting plate is respectively connected with the other ends of the first rack and the second rack through screws; the supporting plate is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the first screw rod with the first knob, and the first knob is connected with one end of the first screw rod through threads; the distance between the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block is adjusted by rotating the first knob to enable the first screw rod connected with the first knob to rotate, and the first screw rod rotates to drive the first V-shaped block to move in the slideway.
4. The simulation device for the size and the position of the geometric element based on the tolerance as claimed in claim 3, wherein the edges of the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block of the spherical geometric element simulation device are arranged vertically to each other in space; the edges of the first V-shaped block and the second V-shaped block of the simulation device of the horizontal cylindrical geometric elements are arranged in parallel in space.
5. The tolerance-based geometric element size and position simulator of claim 3, wherein the vertical cylindrical geometric element simulator comprises a cylinder, a third frame, a second screw, a first baffle, a second baffle, a moving body, a second knob; the cylinder is arranged on the moving body; the moving body is provided with a threaded hole for the second screw to pass through, and the threaded hole in the moving body is in threaded connection with the second screw; the moving body is also provided with a third lug, the third rack is provided with a first groove for the third lug of the moving body to slide, and the third lug of the moving body is arranged in the first groove; the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively connected with two ends of the third rack through screws; the first baffle is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the second screw rod with the second knob, and the second knob is connected with one end of the second screw rod through threads.
6. The tolerance-based geometric element size and position simulator of claim 5, wherein the width element simulator comprises a first plate, a second plate, a fourth frame, a third screw, a third baffle, a fourth baffle, a third knob; the first flat plate and the second flat plate are respectively provided with a threaded hole for a third screw to pass through, and the threaded holes on the first flat plate and the second flat plate are in threaded connection with the third screw; the first plate is provided with a fourth convex block, the second plate is provided with a fifth convex block, the fourth rack is provided with a fourth convex block of the first plate and a second groove for sliding the fifth convex block of the second plate, and the fourth convex block of the first plate and the fifth convex block of the second plate are arranged in the second groove; the third baffle and the fourth baffle are respectively connected with two ends of a fourth rack through screws; the third baffle is provided with a mounting hole for connecting one end of the third screw rod with the third knob, and the third knob is connected with one end of the third screw rod through threads.
7. A simulation apparatus for a geometry based on tolerances in dimensions and positions as claimed in claim 6, wherein the third screw is a two-way screw, the two-way screw having opposite direction of rotation of the threads at the two ends.
8. A tolerance-based geometric element size and position simulator according to claim 6, wherein the first, third and fourth housing surfaces are provided with graduations.
9. The tolerance-based geometric element dimension and position simulator of claim 1, wherein the mounting platform is provided with threaded holes for fixing the spherical geometric element simulator, the cylindrical geometric element simulator and the width element simulator.
10. A method of simulating a device for simulating dimensions and positions of geometric elements based on tolerances as claimed in any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
s1, receiving the fixed directions of the spherical geometric element simulation device, the cylindrical geometric element simulation device and the width element simulation device on an installation platform;
s2, acquiring a standard combination type to be simulated, and installing each simulation device corresponding to the simulated standard combination type on an installation platform;
s3, adjusting different sizes and position states of the reference elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated reference combination type;
s4, obtaining target elements to be simulated, and installing a simulation device corresponding to the geometric type of the simulated target elements on an installation platform;
and S5, adjusting different sizes and position states of the target elements obtained by the simulation device corresponding to the simulated target elements.
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