CN110952866A - Magnetic suspension automatic door - Google Patents

Magnetic suspension automatic door Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110952866A
CN110952866A CN201811126388.4A CN201811126388A CN110952866A CN 110952866 A CN110952866 A CN 110952866A CN 201811126388 A CN201811126388 A CN 201811126388A CN 110952866 A CN110952866 A CN 110952866A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
guide groove
shaped connecting
module
magnetic suspension
door body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201811126388.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王俭俭
王强军
高伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dachang Gating Technology Shanghai Co ltd
Original Assignee
Dachang Gating Technology Shanghai Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dachang Gating Technology Shanghai Co ltd filed Critical Dachang Gating Technology Shanghai Co ltd
Priority to CN201811126388.4A priority Critical patent/CN110952866A/en
Publication of CN110952866A publication Critical patent/CN110952866A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/70Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
    • E05F15/73Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to movement or presence of persons or objects
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F5/00Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
    • E05F5/06Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/0004Personal or domestic articles
    • F21V33/0012Furniture
    • F21V33/0016Furnishing for windows and doors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/70Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
    • E05F15/73Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to movement or presence of persons or objects
    • E05F2015/765Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to movement or presence of persons or objects using optical sensors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic suspension automatic door, which comprises a door body, a guide groove, a T-shaped connecting piece, a damping device, a human body infrared sensor, a recording and message leaving module, an SD card storage module, a communication module, an emergency illuminating lamp, a power supply device, a magnetic suspension controller, a control panel and a central controller, wherein the door body is provided with a door body opening and a door body closing opening; the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove are respectively provided with a guide coil group, two opposite side walls of the T-shaped connecting piece and the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide rail are respectively provided with a first permanent magnet, the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece is provided with a second permanent magnet, the upper wall in the guide groove is provided with an electromagnetic coil with the polarity opposite to that of the second permanent magnet, and the guide coil groups, the first permanent magnets, the electromagnetic coil and the second permanent magnets; the lower end of the T-shaped connecting piece is fixedly connected with the door body through a bolt. The door body is in suspension operation, has no noise and convenient maintenance, avoids damage caused by mechanical friction, prolongs the service life, and has strong functionality.

Description

Magnetic suspension automatic door
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic doors, in particular to a magnetic suspension automatic door.
Background
Along with the higher degree of automation and informatization, the automatic door is visible everywhere, and the automatic door not only brings the advantages of convenient personnel access, wind prevention, dust prevention and the like, but also adds a great and elegant breath to the building. The existing automatic door usually uses electric power as a power source, and when a sensor detects that a person approaches, a control mechanism sends a control signal to drive a motor to work, so that a door leaf is driven to be opened. The existing automatic door has the following main problems: 1. the friction between the motor and the conveyor belt is large, so that the motor has large load, large noise and short service life; 2. the use is inconvenient when temporary power failure occurs; 3. the maintenance is complex; 4. the functionality is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a magnetic suspension automatic door which utilizes the principle that magnetic fields are like-grade repulsion and unlike-grade attraction, under the action of a control system, a door body is enabled to operate in a suspension mode in the magnetic field formed by the interaction of the magnetic fields of an electromagnetic coil and a permanent magnet, and the problems of high noise, complex maintenance, poor functionality and inconvenient power failure and use of the conventional automatic door are solved.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: the magnetic suspension automatic door comprises a door body, a guide groove, a T-shaped connecting piece, a damping device, a human body infrared sensor, a recorded message module, an SD card storage module, a communication module, an emergency lighting lamp, a power supply device, a magnetic suspension controller, a control panel and a central controller; the central controller is in control connection with the human body infrared sensor, the recording and message leaving module, the SD card storage module, the communication module, the emergency illuminating lamp, the power supply device, the magnetic suspension controller and the control panel; the guide groove is fixedly connected to the wall body through a bolt; the recorded message module, the SD card storage module, the communication module, the power supply device, the magnetic suspension controller and the central controller are all arranged in the guide groove; the magnetic suspension controller is characterized in that guide coil groups are arranged on the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove, first permanent magnets are arranged on two opposite side walls of the T-shaped connecting piece and the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove, an electromagnetic coil is arranged on the upper wall of the guide groove, a second permanent magnet with the polarity opposite to that of the magnetic pole of the electromagnetic coil is arranged on the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece, a distance sensor is further arranged on one side of the second permanent magnet and used for detecting the change of the distance between the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece and the upper wall of the guide groove, and; the upper end of the T-shaped connecting piece is arranged in the guide groove, and the lower end of the T-shaped connecting piece is fixedly connected with the door body through a bolt; the human body infrared sensor and the emergency illuminating lamp are arranged at the top end of the door body; the door body is provided with a control panel, and the control panel is sequentially provided with an emergency lighting lamp switch button, a recording button, a microphone and a loudspeaker from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the number of the T-shaped connecting pieces is 3, and the T-shaped connecting pieces are respectively and fixedly connected with the left side, the middle side and the right side of the top end of the door body.
Furthermore, the guidance coil group comprises a plurality of guidance coils, and the magnetic suspension controller controls the current direction to change the magnetic pole polarity of the plurality of guidance coils, so that the magnetic pole directions of two adjacent coils are the same.
Furthermore, the power supply device comprises an external power supply and a solar charging module, the solar charging module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery, the photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through an inverter, and the photovoltaic panel is movably connected to the outer side wall of the guide groove; when power failure occurs suddenly, the central controller controls the solar charging module to supply power, and the magnetic suspension automatic door is guaranteed to work normally.
Furthermore, the left end and the right end in the guide groove are respectively provided with a damping device, so that the door body can provide buffering, speed reducing and stopping effects when being opened or closed.
Furthermore, the communication module is a WIFI module, and the recording messages are transmitted to the user terminal equipment through a wireless network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the magnetic suspension principle, enables the door body to operate in a suspension way in the magnetic field interacted with the permanent magnet under the action of the control system, has simple structure, convenient use, no noise and convenient maintenance, avoids the damage caused by machinery, and prolongs the service life.
2. The power supply mechanism comprises an external power supply and a solar charging module, and can be used normally when temporary power failure and the like occur, so that energy is saved.
3. The invention is provided with a recorded message module, when a user is not present, a visitor can record sound through the recorded message module, and a recording file produced by the sound is stored in the SD card memory, and meanwhile, the central controller controls the communication module to transmit the recorded message to the user terminal equipment; on the other hand, after receiving the recording information of the visitor, the user can transmit feedback sound information to the SD card memory through the user terminal equipment, and the central controller controls the loudspeaker to play the feedback sound file stored in the SD card memory.
4. The emergency lighting lamp is arranged, and can provide lighting for a user when meeting an emergency situation.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a front view of a magnetic levitation automatic door according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of a front view of a magnetic levitation automatic door according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a maglev automatic door according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic levitation driving principle of the magnetic levitation automatic door according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a magnetic levitation automatic door according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the T-shaped connecting member structure of the maglev automatic door in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The correspondence between each mark and the part name is as follows:
1. a door body; 2. a guide groove; 201. a guide coil group; 202. an electromagnetic coil; 3. a T-shaped connector; 301. a first permanent magnet; 302. a second permanent magnet; 303. a distance sensor; 4. a damping device; 5. a human body infrared sensor; 6. a recording message module; 7. an SD card storage module; 8. a communication module; 9. an emergency lighting lamp; 10. a power supply device; 1001. connecting an external power supply; 1002. a solar charging module; 11. a magnetic suspension controller; 12. a control panel; 1201. an emergency lighting lamp switch button; 1202. a record button; 1203. a microphone; 1204. a speaker; 13. a central controller.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the magnetic suspension automatic door comprises a door body 1, a guide groove 2, a T-shaped connecting piece 3, a damping device 4, a human body infrared sensor 5, a recording and message leaving module 6, an SD card storage module 7, a communication module 8, an emergency illuminating lamp 9, a power supply device 10, a magnetic suspension controller 11, a control panel 12 and a central controller 13; the central controller 13 is in control connection with the human body infrared sensor 5, the recorded message module 6, the SD card storage module 7, the communication module 8, the emergency illuminating lamp 9, the power supply device 10, the magnetic suspension controller 11 and the control panel 12; the guide groove 2 is fixedly connected to a wall body through a bolt; the recorded message module 6, the SD card storage module 7, the communication module 8, the power supply device 10, the magnetic suspension controller 11 and the central controller 12 are all arranged in the guide groove 2; the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove 2 are respectively provided with a guide coil group 201, two side walls of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 opposite to the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove 2 are respectively provided with a first permanent magnet 301, the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 is provided with a second permanent magnet 302, the upper wall in the guide groove 2 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 202 with the magnetic pole polarity opposite to that of the second permanent magnet 302, one side of the second permanent magnet 302 is also provided with a distance sensor 303 for detecting the distance change between the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece and the upper wall in the guide groove 2, and the guide coil group 201, the first permanent magnet 301, the electromagnetic coil 202; the upper end of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 is arranged in the guide groove 2, and the lower end of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 is fixedly connected with the door body 1 through a bolt; the human body infrared sensor 5 and the emergency illuminating lamp 9 are both arranged at the top end of the door body 1; the door body 1 is provided with a control panel 10, and the control panel 12 is sequentially provided with an emergency lighting lamp switch button 1201, a recording button 1202, a microphone 1203 and a loudspeaker 1204 from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the number of the T-shaped connecting pieces 3 is 3, and the T-shaped connecting pieces are respectively and fixedly connected with the left side, the middle side and the right side of the top end of the door body 1.
Further, the guidance coil set 201 includes a plurality of guidance coils, and the magnetic levitation controller 11 controls the current direction to change the magnetic pole polarity of the plurality of guidance coils, so that the magnetic pole directions of two adjacent coils are the same.
Further, the power supply device 10 includes an external power supply 1001 and a solar charging module 1002, the solar charging module 1002 includes a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the storage battery through an inverter, and the photovoltaic panel is movably connected to the outer side wall of the guide groove 2; when a sudden power failure occurs, the central controller 13 controls the solar charging module to supply power, so as to ensure that the magnetic suspension automatic door works normally.
Furthermore, the left end and the right end in the guide groove 2 are respectively provided with a damping device 4, so that the buffering, speed reducing and stopping effects are provided when the door body is opened or closed.
Further, the communication module 8 is a WIFI module, and transmits the recorded message to the user terminal device through a wireless network.
The implementation principle and the process of the invention are as follows: when the magnetic suspension automatic door operates, the left side wall and the right side wall of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 are provided with a first permanent magnet 301 with N-S or S-N magnetic pole directions from left to right; the magnetic suspension controller 11 changes the magnetic pole polarity of the plurality of guide coils 201 by controlling the current direction, so that the magnetic pole directions of the adjacent two coils are the same, the magnetism on the position of the side wall S level or N level of the guide groove 2, which is closer to the front point than the S level or N level of the T-shaped connecting piece 3, is N level or S level, and the door body 1 is driven to move to complete the opening or closing work by utilizing the principle of 'same level repulsion and different level attraction' of a magnetic field; the magnetic suspension controller 11 controls the magnetic pole of the electromagnetic coil 202 by controlling the current direction, so that the magnetic pole of the electromagnetic coil 202 and the second permanent magnet 302 have opposite polarities to generate attraction force, and zero contact is realized between the door body 1 and the guide groove 2; the distance sensor 303 arranged on one side of the second permanent magnet 302 is used for monitoring the distance between the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece 3 and the inner upper wall of the guide groove 2, the distance sensor 303 is in control connection with the magnetic suspension controller 11, and if the distance between the distance sensor 303 and the upper wall is too large or too small, the current can be controlled by the magnetic suspension controller 11, so that the distance between the distance sensor 303 and the magnetic suspension controller 11 is ensured to be at a normal value; an infrared signal close to a human body is sensed by an infrared sensor 5 at the top end of the door body 1, and then is transmitted to a central controller 13, and the signal is transmitted to a magnetic suspension controller 11, and the magnetic suspension controller 11 controls the direction and the magnitude of current to realize the opening and closing of the automatic door;
the power supply device 10 arranged in the magnetic suspension automatic door comprises an external power supply 1001 and a solar charging module 1002, and even if the temporary power failure occurs, the central controller 13 controls the solar charging module 1002 to provide power, so that the magnetic suspension automatic door can be normally used, and the energy is saved.
The magnetic suspension automatic door is internally provided with a recorded message module 6, when a user is absent, a visitor can record sound through the recorded message module 6, a recorded file produced by the sound is stored in an SD card memory 7, and meanwhile, a central controller 13 controls a communication module to transmit the recorded message to user terminal equipment; on the other hand, after receiving the recording information of the visitor, the user can transmit the feedback sound information to the SD card memory 7 through the user terminal device, and the central controller controls the speaker 1204 to play the feedback sound file stored in the SD card memory 7.
The magnetic suspension automatic door is internally provided with the emergency illuminating lamp 1201, and when an emergency situation occurs, the emergency illuminating lamp 1201 can provide illumination for a user through a switch button.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The magnetic suspension automatic door is characterized by comprising a door body, a guide groove, a T-shaped connecting piece, a damping device, a human body infrared sensor, a recorded message module, an SD card storage module, a communication module, an emergency illuminating lamp, a power supply device, a magnetic suspension controller, a control panel and a central controller; the central controller is in control connection with the human body infrared sensor, the recording and message leaving module, the SD card storage module, the communication module, the emergency illuminating lamp, the power supply device, the magnetic suspension controller and the control panel; the guide groove is fixedly connected to the wall body through a bolt; the recorded message module, the SD card storage module, the communication module, the power supply device, the magnetic suspension controller and the central controller are all arranged in the guide groove; the magnetic suspension controller is characterized in that guide coil groups are arranged on the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove, first permanent magnets are arranged on two opposite side walls of the T-shaped connecting piece and the left inner side wall and the right inner side wall of the guide groove, a second permanent magnet is arranged on the upper wall of the T-shaped connecting piece, an electromagnetic coil with the polarity opposite to that of the second permanent magnet is arranged on the upper wall in the guide groove, a distance sensor is further arranged on one side of the second permanent magnet, and the guide coil groups, the first permanent magnets, the electromagnetic coil and the second permanent; the upper end of the T-shaped connecting piece is arranged in the guide groove, and the lower end of the T-shaped connecting piece is fixedly connected with the door body through a bolt; the human body infrared sensor and the emergency illuminating lamp are arranged at the top end of the door body; the door body is provided with a control panel, and the control panel is sequentially provided with an emergency lighting lamp switch button, a recording button, a microphone and a loudspeaker from top to bottom.
2. The magnetic suspension automatic door as claimed in claim 1, wherein there are 3T-shaped connecting pieces fixedly connected to the left side, the middle side and the right side of the top end of the door body, respectively.
3. The maglev automatic door of claim 1, wherein the guidance coil set comprises a plurality of guidance coils, and the maglev controller controls the current direction to change the polarity of the magnetic poles of the plurality of guidance coils so that the magnetic poles of two adjacent coils are in the same direction.
4. The magnetic suspension automatic door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply device comprises an external power supply and a solar charging module, the solar charging module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery, the photovoltaic panel is connected with the storage battery through an inverter, and the photovoltaic panel is movably connected to the outer side wall of the guide groove.
5. The magnetic levitation automatic door as claimed in claim 1, wherein damping means are provided in both left and right ends of the guide groove.
6. The magnetic levitation automatic door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication module is a WIFI module, and the recorded message is transmitted to the user terminal device through a wireless network.
CN201811126388.4A 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 Magnetic suspension automatic door Pending CN110952866A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811126388.4A CN110952866A (en) 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 Magnetic suspension automatic door

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811126388.4A CN110952866A (en) 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 Magnetic suspension automatic door

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110952866A true CN110952866A (en) 2020-04-03

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ID=69966112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201811126388.4A Pending CN110952866A (en) 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 Magnetic suspension automatic door

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110952866A (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06341267A (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-13 Nippon Steel Corp Door opening/closing device
US20020118283A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-08-29 Joaquin Carretero Guerrero Electronic digital door opener
CN104120956A (en) * 2014-07-11 2014-10-29 中北大学 Magnetic suspension type support-free intelligent control rotating door
US20160069116A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2016-03-10 Hiperjanelas Lda Magnetic levitation system for doors and windows

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06341267A (en) * 1993-06-01 1994-12-13 Nippon Steel Corp Door opening/closing device
US20020118283A1 (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-08-29 Joaquin Carretero Guerrero Electronic digital door opener
US20160069116A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2016-03-10 Hiperjanelas Lda Magnetic levitation system for doors and windows
CN104120956A (en) * 2014-07-11 2014-10-29 中北大学 Magnetic suspension type support-free intelligent control rotating door

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
周林 等, 西安电子科技大学出版社 *
胡晓东 等: "《全国一级注册建筑师执业资格考试辅导教材:2009 建筑物理与建筑设备》", 31 December 2008, 华中科技大学出版社 *

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Application publication date: 20200403

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