CN110943602B - Converter switching frequency control method and control system - Google Patents
Converter switching frequency control method and control system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a converter switching frequency control method and a control system, wherein the actual harmonic content of a converter is detected firstly, then the actual harmonic content is compared with a set content threshold value, and when the actual harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold value and the converter is in a seven-segment control mode, the converter switching frequency is controlled to be improved; and when the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold value and the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, controlling to reduce the switching frequency of the converter. By the control method, under the condition that the converter can be guaranteed to be stably operated in a grid-connected mode, the working mode and the switching frequency of a switching device of the converter can be correspondingly controlled and changed according to the change condition of the harmonic content output by grid-connected points, the converter is guaranteed to have smaller harmonic content in a full-power output range, low-harmonic and high-efficiency operation in a full-power interval of the converter is achieved, and the working efficiency of the converter is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for controlling the switching frequency of a converter.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy technologies such as photovoltaic and wind power, the grid-connected capacity of the photovoltaic and wind power grid-connected hybrid power generation system is larger and larger. However, new energy such as photovoltaic energy, wind power energy and the like has great randomness, and the output power is not stable. And when new energy such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like is connected to the grid, inversion needs to be carried out through the power electronic converter, so that the output power of the power electronic converter has large fluctuation. On one hand, certain requirements can be met on the output power range of the power electronic converter; on the other hand, there are also high demands on the operating efficiency and THD (harmonic distortion) of the power electronic converter in the full power range. However, the current mainstream current transformation mode usually adopts a single switching frequency, and the output condition of the converter under the condition of low output power is not considered when the algorithm is designed, so that when the converter works at a power far lower than the rated power, a large amount of harmonic components are contained in the output waveform. A large amount of harmonic waves are introduced into a power grid, so that the grid connection of new energy is not facilitated. For the energy storage system, the energy storage system also needs to be incorporated into a power grid through a converter, the energy storage system often needs to output power according to a scheduling instruction, and the situation that the output power is low may exist, so the energy storage system may also have the same problem.
The current control method of the converter mainly comprises a five-section control mode and a seven-section control mode, wherein the five-section control mode can reduce the action times of a switch device in the converter to a certain extent, reduce the switching loss of the switch device and further improve the working efficiency of the converter. However, the five-segment control method may cause a problem that the harmonic content of the converter is large due to the fact that the number of switching actions is small. In addition, the research on the low output power section of the power electronic converter is less, and the research on the relation between the control method and the harmonic content of the converter is also less. And under the output condition of the converter in a low output power state, larger harmonic waves are often input into a power grid.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN107834561A discloses a harmonic improvement method for an inverter of a power generation system, which comprises determining rated output power and switching frequency of the inverter, collecting annual operating conditions of wind power/photovoltaic power generation, equating the wind power/optical energy variation to an annual variation curve of the output power of the inverter, fixing the switching frequency of the inverter to a corresponding switching frequency in the rated operating state, linearly increasing the output power of the inverter, obtaining a curve in which total harmonic distortion decreases with the increase of the output power of the inverter, i.e., a THD variation curve, dividing the annual variation curve of the output power of the inverter into n power class sections, formulating a control rule that the switching frequency of the inverter varies with the power, and finally obtaining the inverter under the condition that the annual wind speed/optical energy varies continuously according to the n power class sections and the corresponding switching frequencies thereof Switching frequency is applied to modulation control of the inverter, and harmonic improvement is achieved. Although the method can improve the harmonic wave, the implementation of the method needs to collect the annual operation working condition of wind power/photovoltaic power generation and equate the change condition of wind power/light energy to the annual change curve of the output power of the inverter, data is difficult to obtain, annual operation data is huge, the data processing process is complicated, and the burden of control equipment is heavy. Moreover, the method has more implementation steps and a more complicated implementation process, and cannot realize the coordination between the harmonic content and the working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a converter switching frequency control method and a converter switching frequency control system, which are used for solving the problem that the conventional converter harmonic wave improvement method is complicated in process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes the following technical solutions.
A converter switching frequency control method comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the actual harmonic content of the converter;
(2) comparing the actual harmonic content with a set content threshold, judging whether the converter is in a seven-section control mode or not when the actual harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold, and if so, controlling to improve the switching frequency of the converter; and when the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold, judging the size relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency, and when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, controlling to reduce the switching frequency of the converter.
In the converter switching frequency control method provided by the scheme, corresponding control is carried out according to the actual harmonic content and the set content threshold, and if the harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold, the primary objective is how to reduce the harmonic content of a grid-connected point; otherwise the first goal is how to improve the operating efficiency of the converter. Therefore, when the actual harmonic content is larger than the set content threshold value, whether the converter is in a seven-segment control mode is judged, if so, the switching frequency of the converter is controlled to be increased, the frequency range of the high-frequency harmonic can be further increased, and the content of the high-frequency harmonic in the final output waveform of the converter is reduced. The seven-segment control mode has the operation characteristic that the harmonic content is small, and when the converter is in the seven-segment control mode, the harmonic content of the grid-connected point needs to be controlled and reduced, so that the harmonic content of the grid-connected point can be effectively reduced. When the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold, the magnitude relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency needs to be judged, and when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, the space for reducing the switching frequency of the converter is indicated, so that the switching frequency of the converter is controlled to be reduced. The improvement of the switching frequency means the increase of the switching times, so that the switching loss of the switching device is increased along with the increase of the switching loss, therefore, the improvement of the switching frequency can increase the switching loss of the switching device and reduce the working efficiency of the converter, and correspondingly, if the switching frequency of the converter is controlled to be reduced, the working efficiency of the converter can be effectively improved. Therefore, the control method realizes the coordination between the harmonic content and the working efficiency, can correspondingly control and change the working mode and the switching frequency of a switching device of the converter according to the change condition of the harmonic content output by grid-connected points under the condition of ensuring that the converter can be stably operated in a grid-connected mode, reduces the harmonic content of the converter in a full-power range, ensures that the converter has smaller harmonic content in the full-power output range, avoids the harmonic problem possibly brought by the converter after a large amount of grid-connected operation as much as possible, realizes the low-harmonic and high-efficiency operation in the full-power interval of the converter, can reduce the switching loss of the converter, and further improves the working efficiency of the converter in the full-power range. In addition, the method has the advantages of fewer implementation steps, simple process, no need of acquiring complex data similar to annual data, and high control reliability.
Further, when the current transformer is judged to be in the seven-segment control mode, if the current transformer is not in the seven-segment control mode, the control mode of the current transformer is switched to the seven-segment control mode. Because the operation characteristic of the seven-segment control mode is that the harmonic content is smaller, if the harmonic content is larger than the set content threshold value and the converter is not in the seven-segment control mode, the control mode of the converter is switched to the seven-segment control mode, and the harmonic content of the grid-connected point can be reduced.
Further, when the switching frequency of the converter is less than or equal to the lowest allowable switching frequency, whether the converter is in a five-stage control mode is judged, and if not, the control mode of the converter is switched to the five-stage control mode. The five-section control mode can reduce the action times of the switching device to a certain extent and reduce the switching loss of the switching device, thereby improving the working efficiency of the converter. And if not, the control mode of the converter is switched to the five-section control mode, so that the output characteristic of the converter can be ensured, the reliability of the converter can be ensured, and the working efficiency of the converter can be further improved.
A converter switching frequency control system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in said memory and executable on said processor, said processor when executing said computer program implementing steps comprising:
(1) detecting the actual harmonic content of the converter;
(2) comparing the actual harmonic content with a set content threshold, judging whether the converter is in a seven-section control mode or not when the actual harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold, and if so, controlling to improve the switching frequency of the converter; and when the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold, judging the size relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency, and when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, controlling to reduce the switching frequency of the converter.
Further, when the current transformer is judged to be in the seven-segment control mode, if the current transformer is not in the seven-segment control mode, the control mode of the current transformer is switched to the seven-segment control mode.
Further, when the switching frequency of the converter is less than or equal to the lowest allowable switching frequency, whether the converter is in a five-stage control mode is judged, and if not, the control mode of the converter is switched to the five-stage control mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a topology of a typical distributed system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a converter switching frequency control method;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the efficiency of the switching frequency control method of the inverter with the efficiency of the seven-segment control mode and the five-segment control mode;
fig. 4 is a comparison graph of THD of the converter switching frequency control method provided by the present invention and THD of the seven-segment control mode and the five-segment control mode.
Detailed Description
Method for controlling switching frequency of converter
For convenience of explaining the converter switching frequency control method, the embodiment provides a power grid system which comprises a converter, wherein one end of the converter is connected with a power grid, and the other end of the converter is connected with corresponding equipment (such as a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic assembly or an energy storage system). As shown in fig. 1, a typical topology structure of a distributed system is that a wind power generator is connected to a power grid through a wind power inverter (i.e., a wind power converter), a photovoltaic module is connected to the power grid through a photovoltaic inverter (i.e., a photovoltaic converter), and an energy storage system is connected to the power grid through an energy storage converter.
The converter in the power grid system is controlled by the converter switching frequency control method, and the control of the converter is realized by the control method. The control method is mainly applied to converters such as a photovoltaic inverter, a wind power inverter and an energy storage converter, and can be applied to other related converters.
The following description focuses on the inverter switching frequency control method. The converter switching frequency control method is a converter control method which gives consideration to the total harmonic content and the efficiency within the full-power output range.
The method comprises the steps of firstly detecting the actual harmonic content of a current transformer, namely the actual harmonic content of a grid-connected point of the current transformer (hereinafter, the harmonic content is abbreviated as THD), and obtaining the working efficiency and the working state of the current transformer.
And then, judging and comparing the actual THD at this time with a set content threshold, as shown in fig. 2, where THD represents the actual THD at this time, and the set value refers to the set content threshold. When the THD is larger than the set content threshold value, the THD of the grid-connected point is reduced preferentially, namely the THD of the grid-connected point is reduced as a primary target in the situation; when the THD is less than or equal to the set content threshold, the improvement of the working efficiency of the converter is preferentially considered, that is, the primary objective in this case is to improve the working efficiency of the converter as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the THD is less than or equal to the set content threshold.
And judging whether the current driving mode of the converter is a seven-section control mode or not when the actual THD is larger than the set content threshold value, if so, increasing the working frequency of a switching device of the converter, and controlling to increase the switching frequency of the converter. For the converter, the frequency band of the output signal is mainly concentrated in the interval near the public network frequency and above the switching frequency, and on the premise that the hardware of the converter is not changed, namely the cut-off frequency of the filtering part of the converter is not changed, the switching frequency is improved, so that the frequency band range of high-frequency harmonic waves can be further improved, and the content of the high-frequency harmonic waves in the final output waveform of the converter is less. And because the operation characteristic of the seven-segment control mode is that the harmonic content is smaller, under the current condition, if the current driving mode of the converter is not the seven-segment control mode, the control mode of the converter is switched to the seven-segment control mode, the THD of the grid-connected point can be further reduced, and then the judgment is continued according to the THD value of the grid-connected point of the converter.
When the actual THD is less than or equal to the set content threshold value, the magnitude relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency of the converter is judged firstly, when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, the switching frequency of the converter is controlled to be reduced, for example, the switching frequency of the converter is reduced by adopting a mode of changing the switching frequency, such as PID control, stepping and the like, and then the state of the converter is further judged. For the converter, if the input voltage and the target output current do not change, the duty ratio is generally determined, that is, the conduction time is generally determined, and therefore, the conduction loss difference of the switching device is small. Switching frequency improves and means the increase of switching number of times, and then makes switching device's switching loss along with the increase, consequently, switching frequency's improvement can increase switching device's switching loss, reduces converter work efficiency, and correspondingly, switching frequency's reduction can reduce switching device's switching loss, and then promotes converter work efficiency. Further, when the switching frequency of the converter is less than or equal to the lowest allowable switching frequency, whether the converter is in the five-stage control mode is judged firstly, and if not, the control mode of the converter is switched to the five-stage control mode. As a specific embodiment, when the control manner of the converter is only two, and either the five-stage control manner or the seven-stage control manner, the following procedure may be adopted in the process of switching the control manner of the converter to the five-stage control manner: firstly, judging whether the converter is in a seven-segment control mode, and if the converter is in the seven-segment control mode, switching the control mode into a five-segment control mode; if the seven-segment control mode is adopted, namely the five-segment control mode is adopted, the current working state can be considered to be the mode with the optimal efficiency under the condition of meeting the THD requirement.
The five-segment control mode and the seven-segment control mode are both control modes of a conventional converter, such as: the implementation processes of the five-segment modulation method and the seven-segment modulation method, and the advantages and disadvantages of the five-segment modulation method and the seven-segment modulation method are given in a paper entitled "comparative study of two SVPWM implementation methods and SPWM" in volume 42, 3 of 2015, which is a measurement and test technology ". The five-segment modulation method corresponds to the five-segment control method in this embodiment, and the seven-segment modulation method corresponds to the seven-segment control method in this embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the operating efficiency of a converter adopting the control method provided by the present invention and a converter adopting the conventional five-stage control method and the seven-stage control method under different output powers, and fig. 4 is a comparison graph of the THD of a converter adopting the control method provided by the present invention and a converter adopting the conventional five-stage control method and the seven-stage control method under different output powers. The curve fluctuation region 1 in fig. 3 indicates 20A switching to 40A, and the curve fluctuation region 2 indicates 40A switching to 60A. The curve fluctuation region 3 in fig. 4 indicates 20A switching to 40A, and the curve fluctuation region 4 indicates 40A switching to 60A. It can be seen from the comparison result that the control method provided by the invention balances the converter efficiency and the grid-connected point THD in the full output power period, and has better THD at low output power and better working efficiency at high output power than the converter adopting a single control method.
Therefore, the control method controls the driving mode of the converter by taking the total harmonic content output by the converter and the working efficiency of the converter as input quantities on the premise of ensuring the stable work of the converter, judges the THD of a grid-connected point, and changes the driving state of the converter or the switching frequency of a switching device to reduce the THD of the converter when the THD is larger; when the THD is small, on the premise of meeting the THD, the efficiency of the converter is improved under the condition that the topological structure of the converter is not changed through the change of the driving mode. Therefore, the control method can reduce the harmonic content of the converter in a low-power interval and improve the working efficiency of the converter in a high-power interval, and the working efficiency of the converter and the THD of the grid-connected point of the converter are considered in the full-power output range of the converter. Moreover, the working frequency, the driving mode and the like of a switching device of the converter can be changed according to the output harmonic content and the working efficiency of the converter, the output harmonic content of the converter is controlled and the switching loss of the converter is reduced as much as possible on the premise that the stable work of the converter is ensured, and further the working efficiency of the converter is improved.
The specific embodiments are given above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The basic idea of the invention lies in the converter switching frequency control method, and is not limited to the hardware circuit system to which the control method is applied. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and still fall within the scope of the invention.
In addition, the above control method may be stored in a memory in the converter switching frequency control system and may be run on a processor in the converter switching frequency control system as a computer program.
Claims (4)
1. A method for controlling the switching frequency of a converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) detecting the actual harmonic content of the converter;
(2) comparing the actual harmonic content with a set content threshold, judging whether the converter is in a seven-section control mode or not when the actual harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold, and if so, controlling to improve the switching frequency of the converter; when the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold, judging the size relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency, when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, controlling to reduce the switching frequency of the converter, when the switching frequency of the converter is less than or equal to the lowest allowable switching frequency, judging whether the converter is in a five-section control mode, and if not, switching the control mode of the converter to the five-section control mode.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the inverter is determined to be in the seven-stage control mode, if the inverter is not in the seven-stage control mode, the control mode of the inverter is switched to the seven-stage control mode.
3. A converter switching frequency control system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in said memory and executable on said processor, wherein said processor when executing said computer program performs the steps comprising:
(1) detecting the actual harmonic content of the converter;
(2) comparing the actual harmonic content with a set content threshold, judging whether the converter is in a seven-section control mode or not when the actual harmonic content is greater than the set content threshold, and if so, controlling to improve the switching frequency of the converter; when the actual harmonic content is less than or equal to the set content threshold, judging the size relation between the switching frequency of the converter and the lowest allowable switching frequency, when the switching frequency of the converter is greater than the lowest allowable switching frequency, controlling to reduce the switching frequency of the converter, when the switching frequency of the converter is less than or equal to the lowest allowable switching frequency, judging whether the converter is in a five-section control mode, and if not, switching the control mode of the converter to the five-section control mode.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein when the inverter is determined to be in the seven-stage control mode, if the inverter is not in the seven-stage control mode, the inverter is switched to the seven-stage control mode.
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| JP2005176566A (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Controller of single-phase induction motor |
| CN101237216A (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2008-08-06 | 无锡市中远工业自动化有限公司 | Method for improving frequency converter frequency via 7-section space vector calculation |
| CN102751742B (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-03-26 | 漳州科华技术有限责任公司 | Method for improving grid-connected performance by variable switching frequency |
| CN104158417B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-08-24 | 特变电工新疆新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of control system reducing the loss of photovoltaic combining inverter breaker in middle and method |
| CN106130078A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-16 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A kind of net side converter control method and device |
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