Light load operation control system and method for three-phase CLLLC resonant converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic converters, in particular to a light load operation control system and method of a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter.
Background
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, distributed power generation and energy storage and direct current micro-grids, the bidirectional DCDC converter is more and more widely applied, and meanwhile, in order to improve the capacity and the power density of the converter, three half-bridge CLLLC resonant converters are staggered and connected in parallel to obtain a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, so that the bidirectional DCDC converter is widely focused in high-power occasion application.
The three-phase CLLLC resonant converter has smaller on-current under lighter load conditions, and the three-phase structure has lower light load efficiency due to the larger number of three-phase structure semiconductor devices, and larger frequency change is needed for realizing higher voltage gain under light load working conditions, but the switching frequency cannot be increased infinitely due to the limitation of a switching tube, and the voltage gain range is narrowed. At present, the traditional control modes of PFM (Pulse frequency modulation, pulse frequency adjustment) and PWM (Pulse width modulation, pulse width adjustment) are mainly aimed at a half-bridge and full-bridge structure CLLLC converter, and only the traditional strategy is adopted in the three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, so that the light load loss is greatly increased, and the voltage gain range is smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a light load operation control system and a light load operation control method for a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, which can reduce the current peak value of each phase by sharing the load of each phase under the normal working condition, can reduce the conduction loss and has higher efficiency; under the light load condition, the switching loss and the loss generated by the circulating current are reduced by cutting off one phase to realize a similar two-phase full-bridge structure, so that the light load efficiency is improved; the voltage gain range is widened and the switching frequency required for realizing the wide voltage gain is reduced by the two-phase shift control, so that the switching loss is reduced.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a light load operation control system of a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, comprising: the device comprises a PI regulator module, a VCO module, a comparison module, a phase shifting module and a mode switching module;
the PI regulator module is used for generating a required frequency and a required phase shift angle;
the VCO module is configured to generate a sine wave of the desired frequency;
the comparison module is used for outputting rectangular wave pulses with the required frequency based on the sine wave;
the phase shifting module is used for generating rectangular wave pulses with required phase shifting angles;
the mode switching module is used for completing control mode switching based on the rectangular wave pulse with the required frequency and the rectangular wave pulse with the required phase shift angle.
Optionally, the PI regulator module includes: the first PI unit, the second PI unit and the third PI unit;
the output frequencies of the first PI unit and the second PI unit are used for being added with the resonance frequency to obtain the required frequency;
and the output phase shift angle of the third PI unit is used for being input into the phase shift module to generate the rectangular wave pulse with the required phase shift angle.
Optionally, the control modes include a three-phase frequency modulation control mode, a two-phase frequency modulation control mode, and a two-phase shift control mode.
Optionally, the output current is compared to the rated current:
when the output current is more than or equal to 30% of rated current, the mode switching module automatically switches to the three-phase frequency modulation control mode;
when the output current is less than 30% of the rated current, the mode switching module automatically switches to a two-phase control mode, specifically: when the switching frequency is smaller than or equal to the resonance frequency, the mode switching module automatically switches to the two-phase frequency modulation control mode; and when the switching frequency is larger than the resonant frequency, the mode switching module automatically switches to the two-phase-shifting control mode.
On the other hand, in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention also provides a light load operation control method of the three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining a required frequency according to the output frequency of the first PI unit and the second PI unit;
based on the required frequency, obtaining a sine wave of the required frequency;
based on the sine wave, obtaining rectangular wave pulses with the required frequency;
obtaining rectangular wave pulses with required phase shift angles according to the output phase shift angles of the third PI units;
and completing control mode switching based on the rectangular wave pulse of the required frequency and the rectangular wave pulse of the required phase shift angle.
Optionally, the output frequencies of the first PI unit and the second PI unit are added to the resonance frequency to obtain the required frequency;
and inputting the output phase shift angle of the third PI unit into a phase shift module to obtain the rectangular wave pulse with the required phase shift angle.
Optionally, the control modes include a three-phase frequency modulation control mode, a two-phase frequency modulation control mode, and a two-phase shift control mode.
Optionally, the control mode switching is performed by comparing the output current with a rated current:
when the output current is more than or equal to 30% of rated current, automatically switching to the three-phase frequency modulation control mode;
when the output current is less than 30% of the rated current, automatically switching to a two-phase control mode, specifically: when the switching frequency is smaller than or equal to the resonance frequency, automatically switching to the two-phase frequency modulation control mode; and when the switching frequency is larger than the resonant frequency, automatically switching to the two-phase-shifting control mode.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. and a three-phase frequency modulation control mode is adopted, so that the current peak value of each phase is reduced through the load sharing of each phase under the normal working condition of the three-phase bidirectional CLLLC converter, the conduction loss is reduced, and higher efficiency is provided.
2. And a two-phase frequency modulation control mode is adopted, so that a similar two-phase full-bridge structure is realized by cutting off one phase under the light load condition, the switching loss and the loss generated by circulating current are reduced, and the light load efficiency is improved.
3. The two-phase-shifting control mode is adopted, so that the problem that the voltage gain range is narrowed under the light load working condition and the higher working frequency is required for realizing higher gain is solved, the voltage gain range is widened, the switching frequency required for realizing the wide voltage gain requirement is reduced through the two-phase-shifting control, and the switching loss is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a topology diagram of a resonant converter suitable for use in a three-phase CLLLC in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a control system for light load operation of a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mode switching simulation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a control mode of a three-phase FM control mode according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of driving signals and key waveforms of a circuit in a three-phase FM control mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a control mode of a two-phase FM control mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of driving signals and key waveforms of a circuit in a two-phase FM control mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a control mode of a two-phase shift control mode according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of waveforms of driving signals and key waveforms of a circuit in a two-phase shift control mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a light load operation control system of a three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, which is applicable to the topology of the three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, and comprises: the device comprises a PI regulator module, a VCO module, a comparison module, a phase shifting module and a mode switching module;
the PI regulator module is used for generating a required frequency; the VCO module is used for generating sine waves with required frequencies; the comparison module is used for outputting rectangular wave pulses with required frequency based on sine waves; the phase shifting module is used for generating rectangular wave pulses with required phase shifting angles; the mode switching module is used for completing control mode switching based on rectangular wave pulses with required frequency and rectangular wave pulses with required phase shift angle.
Further, the reference voltage and the output voltage are subtracted into a first PI unit, a second PI unit and a third PI unit in the PI regulator module, and the output frequency and the resonance frequency f of the first PI unit and the second PI unit r And adding to obtain the required frequency, respectively inputting the required frequency to a VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) voltage-controlled oscillator module, generating sine waves with the required frequency, and outputting rectangular wave pulses with the required frequency through a comparison module. The output of the third PI unit is sent to a phase shifting module to generate rectangular wave pulse with required phase shifting angle, and the mode switching module outputs current i o With the rated current i set N Comparison is made, when i o ≥30%i N When the mode switching module automatically switches to a three-phase frequency modulation control mode; when i o <30%i N When the mode switching module automatically switches to a two-phase control mode, the method specifically comprises the following steps: switching frequency f s Less than or equal to the resonant frequency f r Automatically switching to a two-phase FM control mode, and switching frequency f s Greater than the resonant frequency f r Automatically switching to a two-phase shift control mode.
As shown in FIG. 3, 0-0.008 s is the waveform of the output voltage under 390V of the input voltage under the full load working condition, and the converter works in the three-phase frequency modulation control mode; when the full-load working condition of 0.008s suddenly changes to the 25% load working condition, the input voltage is 390V, and the converter is automatically switched to a two-phase frequency modulation control mode; the 0.015s input voltage suddenly changes to 410V, and the converter is automatically switched to a two-phase-shifting control mode. The converter has good overshoot in the mode switching process, quick response, no voltage spike and capability of meeting the working requirements.
The control mode of the three-phase frequency modulation control mode is as shown in fig. 4, three-phase six-pulse control is adopted, trigger pulse signals are applied to the switching tubes in the primary side A-phase bridge arm, the primary side B-phase bridge arm and the primary side C-phase bridge arm, the trigger pulses of the switching tubes among the bridge arms are sequentially different by 120 degrees, the trigger pulses of the two switching tubes in the bridge arms are alternately conducted by 180 degrees, the 50 percent duty ratio is fixed, a certain dead time is reserved, and the switch f is increased s Frequency-reduced output voltage, reduced switching frequency f s The output voltage is increased. The simulation diagram of the driving signal waveform and the circuit key waveform in the three-phase frequency modulation control mode is shown in fig. 5, and the converter can realize zero-voltage on of the primary side ZVS (Zero Voltage Switch) and zero-current off of the secondary side ZCS (Zero Current Switch).
As shown in FIG. 6, the control mode of the two-phase frequency modulation control mode adopts two-phase four-pulse control, trigger pulses between a primary side A-phase bridge arm and a primary side B-phase bridge arm are sequentially different by 180 degrees, trigger pulses of two switching tubes in the bridge arm are alternately 180 degrees, a 50% duty ratio is fixed, a certain dead time is reserved, the primary side C-phase bridge arm does not give the trigger pulse a closed state, namely the C-phase is cut off, a 50% duty ratio is fixed, and a switching frequency f s Always smaller than the resonant frequency f r The voltage gain is always larger than 1, and the switching frequency f is increased s Lowering the output voltage and lowering the switching frequency f s The output voltage is raised. The simulation diagram of the driving signal waveform and the circuit key waveform of the two-phase frequency modulation control mode is shown in fig. 7, and the converter can realize primary side ZVS and secondary side ZCS.
As shown in FIG. 8, the control mode of the two-phase-shifting control mode adopts two-phase four-pulse control, pulse signals are applied to the primary side A-phase bridge arm and the primary side B-phase bridge arm switching tubes, trigger pulses of the two switching tubes in the bridge arm are alternately 180 degrees, a 50% duty ratio is fixed, a certain dead time is reserved, and the switching frequency is fixed to be the resonant frequency f r Cut out the firstAnd C phase, controlling output voltage by controlling phase shift angle alpha between two bridge arms, wherein the phase shift angle alpha increases the output voltage and decreases, the phase shift angle alpha decreases the output voltage and increases, and the output voltage is maximum when alpha is 0 DEG, and the output voltage gain is 1. The simulation diagram of the driving signal waveform and the circuit key waveform of the two-phase shift control mode is shown in fig. 9, and the converter can realize primary side ZVS.
Example two
The invention also discloses a light load operation control method of the three-phase CLLLC resonant converter, which comprises the following steps:
the output frequency and the resonance frequency f of the first PI unit and the second PI unit r Adding to obtain the required frequency;
obtaining a sine wave with a required frequency based on the required frequency;
based on sine wave, rectangular wave pulse with required frequency is obtained;
inputting the output phase shift angle of the third PI unit into a phase shift module to obtain rectangular wave pulse with a required phase shift angle;
based on the rectangular wave pulse with the required frequency and the rectangular wave pulse with the required phase shift angle, the control mode switching is completed, wherein the control mode comprises a three-phase frequency modulation control mode, a two-phase frequency modulation control mode and a two-phase shift control mode, and the control mode specifically comprises the following steps: for output current i o And rated current i N In contrast, when the current i is output o Not less than rated current i N When 30 percent of the frequency is detected, automatically switching to a three-phase frequency modulation control mode; when outputting current i o < rated current i N When 30% of the control signal is detected, the control signal is automatically switched to a two-phase control mode, specifically: at the switching frequency f s Less than or equal to the resonant frequency f r When the control method is used, the control mode is automatically switched to a two-phase frequency modulation control mode; at the switching frequency f s Greater than the resonant frequency f r And automatically switching to a two-phase shift control mode.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.