CN110943295B - Multi-beam antenna array, base station antenna and antenna array decoupling method - Google Patents
Multi-beam antenna array, base station antenna and antenna array decoupling method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
- H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses a multi-beam antenna array, a base station antenna and an antenna array decoupling method, wherein the multi-beam antenna array comprises a decoupling device and a plurality of sub-arrays which are respectively arranged on a reflecting plate; any subarray comprises a plurality of radiating elements, the decoupling device comprises a metal sheet arranged between two adjacent radiating elements in the subarray, and the metal sheet is T-shaped, perpendicular to the reflecting plate and smaller than the width of the other end of the reflecting plate at one end connected with the reflecting plate. According to the multi-beam antenna array, the base station antenna and the antenna array decoupling method, the metal sheet is arranged between the two radiation units, the beam isolation between the radiation units is improved, the physical size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna performance is improved, the decoupling device is simple in structure, and the cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-beam antenna array, a base station antenna and an antenna array decoupling method.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication, the contradiction between the rapid increase of mobile data traffic and the limited spectrum resources is increasingly prominent. In order to deal with the outbreak of the traffic volume and the data volume in scenes such as shopping malls with dense people flows, venues with frequent events, routes with traffic peaks and the like, how to maximize the use efficiency of the stations becomes a focus of attention of operators.
The use of sector splitting is one of the most efficient ways to achieve capacity expansion, namely dual beam antenna technology. Through the form of beam splitting, a traditional 65-degree wave width sector is divided into two parts, and compared with a scheme of using two 32-degree narrow-beam antennas with two sub-wave widths, a dual-sector system is realized, the dual-beam antenna concentrates two columns of narrow beams into one antenna, and the capacity of a sky system is enlarged; on the other hand, in the case where the antenna lengths are the same, the dual beam antenna has a higher gain, and can increase the area coverage distance.
In the practical application of the existing dual-beam antenna, along with the miniaturization development of the antenna, the distance of the radiation units shared by the array is closer and closer, the coupling effect among the radiation units is gradually enhanced, and the problem of non-ideal system isolation between two different directional beams exists, namely, the beam isolation is poor, so that the cross polarization discrimination rate of the antenna is reduced, and further, the accurate coverage and the anti-interference can not be realized. Therefore, it is necessary to design a method for improving beam isolation of dual-beam antenna to meet the development requirement of mobile communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-beam antenna array, a base station antenna and an antenna array decoupling method, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems that in the practical application of the existing antenna, the coupling effect between radiation units is gradually enhanced, and the isolation between systems of two beams with different directions is not ideal.
The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-beam antenna array, which comprises a decoupling device and a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein the decoupling device and the sub-arrays are respectively arranged on a reflecting plate; any subarray comprises a plurality of radiating units, the decoupling device comprises a metal sheet arranged between two adjacent radiating units in the subarray, and the metal sheet is T-shaped, perpendicular to the reflecting plate, and the width of one end, connected with the reflecting plate, of the metal sheet is smaller than that of the other end of the metal sheet.
On the basis of the scheme, the decoupling device further comprises a branch assembly arranged between two adjacent subarrays, the branch assembly comprises a metal plate and an L-shaped branch plate, the metal plate is vertically connected with the reflecting plate, one side edge of the L-shaped branch plate is connected with the top of one side of the metal plate, the other side edge of the L-shaped branch plate is perpendicular to the metal plate and corresponds to two adjacent radiation units in the subarray on one side of the metal plate, and at least one L-shaped branch plate is arranged on one side or two sides of the metal plate.
On the basis of the scheme, the decoupling device further comprises a parasitic unit arranged above the radiation units in the subarray, the parasitic unit comprises a dielectric substrate and two guide rings, the dielectric substrate is parallel to the reflecting plate and is located above the radiation units, the two guide rings are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the two guide rings correspond to the two radiation units one by one, and each guide ring is not located in the middle of the radiation unit.
On the basis of the above scheme, a plurality of radiation units in any one of the sub-arrays are arranged in a row along the width direction of the reflection plate, a plurality of the sub-arrays are arranged in a plurality of rows along the length direction of the reflection plate, and any two adjacent sub-arrays are arranged in a staggered manner in the width direction of the reflection plate.
On the basis of the above scheme, the plurality of sub-arrays include at least one first sub-array and at least one second sub-array, the first sub-array and the second sub-array are arranged in a crossing manner, and a distance between any two adjacent radiating elements in the first sub-array is different from a distance between any two adjacent radiating elements in the second sub-array.
On the basis of the scheme, the distance between any two adjacent radiation units in the first sub-array is 0.4-0.5 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the distance between any two adjacent radiation units in the second sub-array is 0.55-0.65 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the working frequency band of the radiation unit is 1.4-4.9 GHz.
On the basis of the scheme, the distance between any two adjacent subarrays along the length direction of the reflecting plate is 0.7-0.9 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the dislocation distance between two first sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflecting plate is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the dislocation distance between two second sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflecting plate is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point.
On the basis of the scheme, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the top of the metal plate at intervals along the length direction, and one side edge of the L-shaped branch plate is connected with the metal plate at the mounting holes.
The embodiment of the invention provides a base station antenna which comprises the multi-beam antenna array.
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna array decoupling method based on the multi-beam antenna array, which comprises the following steps: calculating current distribution between two adjacent radiating elements in the sub-array, between two adjacent sub-arrays and above the radiating elements in the sub-arrays; and setting the metal sheet, the branch assembly and the parasitic assembly according to the current distribution calculation result.
According to the multi-beam antenna array, the base station antenna and the antenna array decoupling method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metal sheet is arranged between the two radiation units, so that the beam isolation between the radiation units is improved, the physical size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna performance is improved, the decoupling device is simple in structure, and the cost can be reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural layout diagram of a multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a metal sheet in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a metal sheet in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a metal sheet in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a branch assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a branch assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a branch assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a parasitic element in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a parasitic element in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the same polarization beam isolation of a multi-beam antenna array without a decoupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the same polarization beam isolation after the multi-beam antenna array and the decoupling device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a multi-beam antenna array horizontal plane pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
wherein, 1, a reflecting plate; 2. a radiation unit; 3. a metal sheet; 4. a branch assembly; 5. a parasitic element; 6. a first fixing member; 7. a second fixing member; 31. sheet metal height; 32. the width of the upper section of the metal sheet; 33. the width of the lower section of the metal sheet; 41. the height of the metal plate; 42. the length of the metal plate; 43. length of L-shaped branch board; 44. the width of the L-shaped branch plate; 411. an L-shaped twig plate; 412. a metal plate; 51. a dielectric substrate length; 52. a dielectric substrate width; 53. leading to the loop width; 54. a guide ring thickness; 55. the thickness of the dielectric substrate; 56. a dielectric substrate height; 511. a guide ring; 512. a dielectric substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the multi-beam antenna array includes a decoupling device and a plurality of sub-arrays respectively mounted on a reflector 1; any subarray includes a plurality of radiating elements 2, and the decoupling device includes a metal sheet 3 disposed between two adjacent radiating elements 2 in the subarray, and referring to fig. 2, the metal sheet 3 is T-shaped, perpendicular to the reflecting plate 1, and the width of one end connected with the reflecting plate 1 is smaller than the width of the other end.
In the multi-beam antenna array provided in this embodiment, the metal sheet 3 is disposed between two adjacent radiation units 2, and the metal sheet 3 is perpendicular to the reflective plate 1 in a sheet shape. I.e. the metal sheet 3 stands between the two radiating elements 2 in a partition-like manner, without intersection between the metal sheet 3 and the two radiating elements 2. And the metal sheet 3 is provided in a T-shape. The metal sheet 3 includes an upper segment portion having a width larger than that of the lower segment portion and a lower segment portion joined to the upper segment portion at a middle portion of the upper segment portion so as to be T-shaped as a whole. The bottom of the lower segment portion is connected to the reflection plate 1.
The metal sheet 3 is T-shaped, and the upper width is larger than the lower width, so that the decoupling requirement between the two radiation units 2 can be better adapted, and effective decoupling between the two radiation units 2 can be realized under the condition of small size and weight.
According to the multi-beam antenna array provided by the embodiment, the metal sheet 3 is arranged between the two radiation units 2, so that the beam isolation between the radiation units 2 is improved, the physical size of the antenna is reduced, the performance of the antenna is improved, the decoupling device is simple in structure, and the cost can be reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 1 and 7, the decoupling device further includes a stub assembly 4 disposed between two adjacent sub-arrays, the stub assembly 4 includes a metal plate 412 and an L-shaped stub plate 411, the metal plate 412 is vertically connected to the reflection plate 1, one side of the L-shaped stub plate 411 is connected to the top of one side of the metal plate 412, the other side of the L-shaped stub plate 411 is perpendicular to the metal plate 412 and corresponds to a position between two adjacent radiation units 2 in the sub-array located on one side of the metal plate 412, and at least one L-shaped stub plate 411 is disposed on one side or both sides of the metal plate 412.
The setting position and the number of the L-shaped twig plates 411 may be selected as needed, and are not particularly limited. The branch assembly 4 is used for weakening the electromagnetic coupling between the two sub-arrays, improving the polarization isolation and cross polarization discrimination between the sub-arrays and improving the antenna performance, and the structure of the decoupling device is easy to realize.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further referring to fig. 1 and 8, the decoupling device further includes a parasitic unit disposed above the radiation unit 2 in the sub-array, the parasitic unit includes a dielectric substrate 512 and two guiding rings 511, the dielectric substrate 512 is parallel to the reflection plate 1 and is disposed above the radiation unit 2, the two guiding rings 511 are disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 512, the two guiding rings 511 are in one-to-one correspondence with the two radiation units 2, and each guiding ring 511 is not disposed in the middle of the radiation unit 2. That is, when the dielectric substrate 512 is disposed above the radiation unit 2, the guide ring 511 is disposed toward one side of the radiation unit 2, rather than being located at the middle of the radiation unit 2.
The guide ring 511 is a sheet metal structure in a ring shape. The parasitic guide ring 511 can change the charge distribution on the conductive medium layer, and further can change the electric field distribution on the antenna radiation unit 2, reduce the coupling degree between adjacent radiation units 2, and further improve the beam isolation of the antenna and reduce the standing-wave ratio of the radiation unit 2.
Further, referring to fig. 3 and 4, a first fixing member 6 may be vertically coupled to the bottom of the metal sheet 3, and the first fixing member 6 and the reflection plate 1 may be detachably coupled by a screw or the like. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a second fixing member 7 may be vertically connected to the bottom of the metal plate 412, and the second fixing member 7 may be detachably connected to the reflection plate 1 by a screw or the like. Referring to fig. 9, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 512 may be coupled with a support column, and detachably coupled with the reflection plate 1 through the support column.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 5, a plurality of mounting holes are provided at intervals along the length direction on the top of the metal plate 412, and one side of the L-shaped branch plate 411 is connected to the metal plate 412 at the mounting holes. One side of the L-shaped branched plate 411 may be detachably connected to the mounting hole by a screw or the like. A plurality of mounting holes are formed in the top of the metal plate 412, so that the mounting position of the L-shaped twig plate 411 can be flexibly adjusted.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a plurality of radiation units 2 in any sub-array are arranged in a row along the width direction of the reflection plate 1, a plurality of sub-arrays are arranged in a plurality of rows along the length direction of the reflection plate 1, and any two adjacent sub-arrays are arranged in a staggered manner in the width direction of the reflection plate 1. I.e., each sub-array is in a row and column configuration. The antenna array provided by this embodiment can improve the horizontal sidelobe suppression index of the dual beam line pattern by the staggered layout of the adjacent lines of the sub-arrays.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the plurality of sub-arrays includes at least one first sub-array and at least one second sub-array, the first sub-array and the second sub-array are arranged in a crossing manner, and a distance between any two adjacent radiation units 2 in the first sub-array is different from a distance between any two adjacent radiation units 2 in the second sub-array.
By means of staggered layout of adjacent lines of subarrays, the horizontal sidelobe suppression index of the dual-beam line directional diagram can be improved, but the larger the staggered distance is, the larger the antenna size is, the wider the antenna size is. In view of this, the antenna array of the present embodiment introduces a mixed array scheme of the first and second sub-arrays with unequal column spacing. The column pitch of the first sub-array may be set smaller than the column pitch of the second sub-array.
Because the first sub-array is a specialized array with shortened column spacing, the adjacent dislocation spacing of the whole first sub-array is larger than the dislocation spacing of the whole second sub-array of the conventional dual-beam antenna under the condition that the physical size of the antenna is unchanged, the horizontal side lobe suppression index is further improved, and the cross-area interference caused by the antenna side lobe is reduced. When the array scheme is applied to a dual-beam antenna, the spacing between partial sub-array columns is too small, electromagnetic coupling between adjacent radiating units 2 is strengthened, and thus the beam of a directional diagram is seriously deformed, the gain is reduced, and the beam isolation is poor, so that the dual-beam array scheme is realized based on the support of a decoupling device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 1, the distance between any two adjacent radiation units 2 in the first sub-array is 0.4-0.5 times the wavelength of the central frequency point; the distance between any two adjacent radiation units 2 in the second sub-array is 0.55-0.65 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the working frequency band of the radiation unit 2 is 1.4-4.9 GHz. The operating frequency band of the radiating element 2 may preferably be 1.7-2.7 GHz. Under the arrangement structure of the antenna array, the decoupling device can be suitable for the radiation unit 2 with a wider frequency band, and the applicability is stronger.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the distance between any two adjacent sub-arrays along the length direction of the reflector 1 is 0.7-0.9 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the dislocation distance between two first sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflecting plate 1 is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the dislocation distance between two second sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflector 1 is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point. I.e., there is one dislocation pitch for the first sub-array and another dislocation pitch for the second sub-array.
The metal sheet 3 is disposed at the middle of two adjacent radiation units 2, referring to fig. 2, the height 31 of the metal sheet is 1-1.05 times the height of the radiation units 2, the width 32 of the upper segment of the metal sheet, i.e. the width of the top of the metal sheet 3 along the length direction of the reflector 1, is 1.5-1.6 times the width of the radiation units 2, and the width 33 of the lower segment of the metal sheet, i.e. the width of the bottom of the metal sheet 3 along the length direction of the reflector 1, is 0.3-0.4 times the width of the radiation units 2. The height is the vertical distance between the top surface and the reflection plate 1.
The metal plate is arranged in the middle of the two adjacent sub-arrays. Referring to fig. 5 and 7, the height 41 of the metal plate is 1.2 to 1.3 times the height of the radiation unit 2, the length 42 of the metal plate, i.e., the length in the width direction of the reflection plate 1, is 0.8 to 0.9 times the width of the reflection plate 1, the length 43 of the L-shaped minor matters, i.e., the length of the other side perpendicular to the metal plate, is 0.2 to 0.3 times the wavelength of the central frequency point, and the width 44 of the L-shaped minor matters, i.e., the width in the width direction of the reflection plate 1, is 0.08 to 0.1 times the wavelength of the central frequency point.
The height 56 of the dielectric substrate, namely the height from the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 512 to the reflector plate 1, is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the length 51 of the dielectric substrate, namely the length along the width direction of the reflector plate 1, is 0.9-1 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the width 52 of the dielectric substrate, namely the width along the length direction of the reflector plate 1, is 0.6-0.7 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the thickness 55 of the dielectric substrate is 0.01-0.02 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the width 53 of the guide ring is 0.6-0.7 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, and the thickness 54 of the guide ring is 0.5-0.6 times of the thickness 55 of the dielectric substrate. The lead-in ring width 53 is the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter.
The wavelength of the central frequency point is calculated and obtained according to the actual working frequency of the radiation unit 2.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides a base station antenna including the multi-beam antenna array described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides an antenna array decoupling method based on the multi-beam antenna array of any of the foregoing embodiments, including: calculating the current distribution between two adjacent radiation units 2 in the sub-array, between two adjacent sub-arrays and above the radiation units 2 in the sub-arrays; and arranging the metal sheet, the branch assembly 4 and the parasitic assembly 5 according to the current distribution calculation result. One or more of the metal sheet, the branch member 4 and the parasitic member 5 can be selectively arranged, and the size, the position and the number of the metal sheet, the branch member 4 and the parasitic member 5 can be selectively arranged.
Specifically, the size, the arrangement position and the arrangement number of the metal sheets are determined according to the current distribution between adjacent radiation units 2 in the subarray; determining the size, the arrangement position and the arrangement number of the branch assemblies 4 according to the current distribution between the adjacent subarrays; the size, the arrangement position, and the number of parasitic elements 5 are determined according to the current distribution above the radiating elements 2 in the sub-array.
The embodiment scientifically guides the design position and size of the decoupling device through simulating the distribution rule of the surface current of the antenna array in the radiation environment, and has more theoretical directivity compared with the traditional actual prototype debugging.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides a dual-beam antenna array with a decoupling device based on a surface current distribution rule, and the decoupling device is used for decoupling, so that the mutual coupling influence of adjacent radiating elements 2 is minimized, and thus the antenna array arrangement is more compact, and the technical effects of improving beam isolation and cross polarization discrimination are achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, a dual beam antenna array for setting a decoupling device based on a surface current distribution law includes: the dual-beam antenna array comprises a reflecting plate 1, and an antenna array and a plurality of decoupling devices of a radiating unit 2 mounted on the reflecting plate 1, wherein the dual-beam antenna array consists of eight sub-arrays A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 which form a linear array along the length direction of the reflecting plate 1, and the sub-arrays comprise two types, namely an A-type sub-array (namely a first sub-array) and a B-type sub-array (namely a second sub-array). The adjacent two sub-arrays are arranged in a staggered manner in the width direction of the reflecting plate 1; that is, the end portions of the adjacent two sub arrays correspond to different positions in the width direction of the reflection plate 1.
The decoupling device comprises T-shaped decoupling metal sheets arranged between the array arrays, L-shaped longitudinal branch decoupling metal plates arranged between the row arrays and decoupling parasitic assemblies 5 arranged above the subarrays. The HFSS software is used for calculating the current distribution rule on the surface of the metal test board around the radiation unit 2 and guiding the selection and the model selection of the position of the decoupling device. The working frequency band of the radiation unit 2 is 1.4GHz-4.9 GHz.
The linear array composed of a plurality of sub-arrays is a type-A sub-array from the lower end surface of the antenna, a first line A1, a second line A2, a seventh line A3 and an eighth line A4 are type-A sub-arrays, a third line B1, a fourth line B2, a fifth line B3 and a sixth line B4 are type-B sub-arrays, the spacing L1 of the sub-arrays in the adjacent two lines along the length direction of the reflector 1 is equal, the offset spacing C1 of the A-type sub-arrays in each two lines in the width direction of the reflector 1 is equal, the offset spacing C2 of the B-type sub-arrays in each two lines in the width direction of the reflector 1 is equal, but C1 is not equal to C2.
The A-type subarray is formed by 4 columns multiplied by 1 row of high-frequency radiating elements, a1 or A2 or A3 or A4 is formed in the A-type subarray, and the column spacing W1 is 0.4-0.5 times of the wavelength of a central frequency point; the B-type subarray is a horizontal linear array B1 or B2 or B3 or B4 formed by multiplying 4 columns by 1 row of high-frequency radiation elements, and the column spacing W2 is between 0.55 and 0.65 times of the wavelength of a central frequency point.
The line spacing L1 between two adjacent rows of subarrays is 0.7-0.9 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the dislocation spacing C1 between every two rows of A-type subarrays is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, and the dislocation spacing C2 between every two rows of B-type subarrays is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point.
The T-shaped decoupling metal sheet is arranged at the position of 0.5 times of column spacing W1 or W2 between the two radiation units 2 along the length direction of the reflector plate 1, the height of the T-shaped decoupling metal sheet is 1-1.05 times of the height of the radiation units 2 from the reflector plate 1, the size width of a section on the T-shaped decoupling metal sheet is 1.5-1.6 times of the width of the radiation units 2, and the width of a lower section is 0.3-0.4 times of the width of the radiation units 2.
The decoupling metal plate with the L-shaped longitudinal branches is arranged in parallel to the subarrays and has equal distance to two adjacent subarrays, the height of the decoupling metal plate is 1.2-1.3 times of the height of the radiation unit 2 from the reflector 1, the length of the decoupling metal plate along the width direction of the reflector 1 is 0.8-0.9 time of the width of the reflector 1, at least one L-shaped bent longitudinal metal branch is arranged at the top end of the decoupling metal plate, the extending length of the decoupling metal plate is 0.2-0.3 time of the wavelength of a central frequency point, and the width of the decoupling metal plate is 0.08-0.1 time of the wavelength of the central frequency point.
The decoupling parasitic component 5 comprises a medium substrate of FR4 and two circular ring type guide rings which are not completely symmetrical at the upper end of the medium substrate, the height of the guide rings is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of a central frequency point, the length of the medium substrate along the width direction of the reflecting plate 1 is 0.9-1 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, the width of the medium substrate along the length direction of the reflecting plate 1 is 0.6-0.7 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, and the thickness of the medium substrate is 0.01-0.02 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the width of the circular ring of the guiding ring is 0.6-0.7 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point, and the thickness of the circular ring is 0.5-0.6 times of the thickness of the dielectric substrate.
Calculating a surface current distribution rule of the metal test plate between the subarray arrays by HFSS software, and guiding to set the size and the position of an upper section of the T-shaped decoupling metal sheet; calculating the surface current distribution rule of the metal test plate between the subarray rows through HFSS software, and guiding to set the position of the L-shaped longitudinal metal branch knot on the metal partition plate; and calculating the surface current distribution rule of the metal test plate above the subarray by HFSS software, and guiding to arrange the position of the guide piece on the dielectric plate.
Specifically, in a specific application environment, the distribution rule of the surface current of the metal test plate between the subarray rows is calculated through HFSS software, arc-shaped fringe lines with gradually strengthened currents from 1.5A to 2A appear at the level heights of the radiation surfaces of the radiation units 2, and corresponding to coupling energy concentration points between the radiation units 2, the upper section position of a T-shaped decoupling metal sheet is guided to be arranged at the coupling energy concentration points. Calculating the surface current distribution rule of the metal test board between the subarray rows through HFSS software, generating a current 1.5A to 2A gradient reinforced arc-shaped stripe line on the metal partition board, corresponding to the electromagnetic wave coupling on the space between the subarrays, and guiding to arrange the L-shaped longitudinal decoupling metal branch on the position of the metal partition board to inhibit the coupling. The distribution rule of the surface current of the metal test plate above the subarray is calculated through HFSS software, a semicircular arc-shaped stripe line with gradually weakened currents from 3A to 4A appears above the radiation unit 2, electromagnetic waves are guided to be concentrated to the guide ring, the effect of balancing the surface current distribution is achieved, and the position of the guide ring on the dielectric substrate is guided to be arranged.
Referring to fig. 10 and 11, fig. 10 shows the co-polarized beam isolation of the dual-beam antenna without the decoupling device, and fig. 11 shows the co-polarized beam isolation of the dual-beam antenna with the decoupling device, which improves the overall beam isolation by 4 dB.
Referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a diagram of a horizontal plane pattern of a dual-beam antenna array in which decoupling devices are arranged based on a surface current distribution law, in which a spatial distribution characteristic of radiation field intensity of the dual-beam array antenna is plotted using a polar coordinate system.
The embodiment provides a dual-beam base station antenna with a working frequency band of 1.4GHz-4.9GHz and a decoupling device thereof, and solves the technical problem that good high isolation and high cross polarization discrimination are difficult to realize while the miniaturization of the antenna is kept in the prior art. And the HFSS software is used for calculating the surface current distribution rule of the metal test board around the radiation unit 2 and guiding the selection and the model selection of the position of the decoupling device. By the decoupling device, the mutual coupling influence between the radiating units 2 of the dual-beam antenna sub-array is reduced to the minimum, the cross polarization discrimination rate of the antenna is improved, and the problem of low isolation between left and right beams of the dual-beam antenna can be solved.
The T-shaped decoupling metal sheet adopted by the embodiment is mainly suitable for decoupling among multiplexing radiating units 2 among antenna columns, and improves the beam isolation among the radiating units 2, so that the physical size of the antenna is reduced, the performance of the antenna is improved, the structure of the decoupling device is simple, and the cost can be reduced. The adopted decoupling metal plate with the L-shaped longitudinal branches is mainly suitable for weakening electromagnetic coupling on the space in a dual-beam antenna subarray, improves polarization isolation and cross polarization discrimination between arrays, improves antenna performance, and is easy to realize. The decoupling parasitic unit comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal parasitic guide sheet arranged on the dielectric substrate, wherein the parasitic guide sheet can change charge distribution on a conductive dielectric layer, so that electric field distribution on the antenna radiation unit 2 can be changed, the coupling degree between adjacent radiation units 2 is reduced, and then beam isolation of the dual-beam antenna is improved and the standing-wave ratio of the radiation unit 2 is reduced.
The dual-beam antenna array provided with the decoupling device based on the surface current distribution rule can work in an ultra-wide frequency range of 1.4GHz-4.9GHz, can support the access of all high-frequency systems of the existing network, can save a large amount of sky resources, effectively solves the problems of large volume, low cross polarization discrimination rate, poor beam isolation and the like of the dual-beam antenna, and meets the coverage requirement of mobile communication.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-beam antenna array is characterized by comprising a decoupling device and a plurality of sub-arrays, wherein the decoupling device and the sub-arrays are respectively arranged on a reflecting plate; any subarray comprises a plurality of radiating units, the decoupling device comprises a metal sheet arranged between two adjacent radiating units in the subarray, the metal sheet is T-shaped, perpendicular to the reflecting plate and smaller in width at one end connected with the reflecting plate than at the other end;
a plurality of radiation units in any one sub array are arranged in a row along the width direction of the reflecting plate, a plurality of sub arrays are arranged in a plurality of rows along the length direction of the reflecting plate, and any two adjacent sub arrays are arranged in a staggered manner along the width direction of the reflecting plate;
the plurality of sub-arrays comprise at least one first sub-array and at least one second sub-array, the first sub-array and the second sub-array are arranged in a crossed mode, and the distance between any two adjacent radiating elements in the first sub-array is different from the distance between any two adjacent radiating elements in the second sub-array;
the dislocation distance between two first sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflecting plate is 0.3-0.4 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the dislocation distance between two second sub-arrays with the nearest distance in the width direction of the reflecting plate is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point.
2. The multi-beam antenna array of claim 1, wherein the decoupling device further comprises a stub assembly disposed between two adjacent sub-arrays, the stub assembly comprising a metal plate and an L-shaped stub plate, the metal plate being perpendicularly connected to the reflector plate, one side of the L-shaped stub plate being connected to a top of one side of the metal plate, the other side of the L-shaped stub plate being perpendicular to the metal plate and corresponding to two adjacent radiating elements in the sub-array on one side of the metal plate, at least one of the L-shaped stub plates being disposed on one or both sides of the metal plate.
3. The multi-beam antenna array of claim 1, wherein the decoupling device further comprises a parasitic element disposed above the radiating elements in the sub-array, the parasitic element comprising a dielectric substrate parallel to the reflector plate and above the radiating elements, and two guiding rings disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the two guiding rings corresponding to the two radiating elements one-to-one, and each of the guiding rings being not disposed in a middle portion of the radiating element.
4. The multi-beam antenna array of claim 1, wherein a spacing between any two adjacent radiating elements in the first sub-array is 0.4-0.5 times a center frequency wavelength; the distance between any two adjacent radiation units in the second sub-array is 0.55-0.65 times of the wavelength of the central frequency point; the working frequency band of the radiation unit is 1.4-4.9 GHz.
5. The multi-beam antenna array of claim 1, wherein the spacing between any two adjacent sub-arrays along the length of the reflector plate is 0.7-0.9 times the wavelength of the center frequency.
6. The multi-beam antenna array of claim 2, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are spaced apart along a length of a top portion of the metal plate, and wherein a side of the L-shaped stub plate is connected to the metal plate at the mounting holes.
7. A base station antenna comprising the multi-beam antenna array of any of claims 1-6.
8. A method of antenna array decoupling based on the multi-beam antenna array of any of claims 1-6, comprising:
calculating current distribution between two adjacent radiating elements in the sub-array, between two adjacent sub-arrays and above the radiating elements in the sub-arrays;
and setting the metal sheet, the branch assembly and the parasitic assembly according to the current distribution calculation result.
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| CN111564688A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-21 | 江苏泰科微通讯科技有限公司 | High-gain multi-port base station antenna based on four-column low frequency |
| CN111740221A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-02 | 中天通信技术有限公司 | Multiport base station antenna with decoupling device |
| CN111682323A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-18 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna |
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| WO2022051906A1 (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-03-17 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Decoupling element and antenna |
| CN112736470B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-08-25 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Multi-frequency array antenna and base station |
| CN112909583B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2023-07-04 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Multi-system fusion antenna |
| CN115566441A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna device and base station antenna |
| CN114447585B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2024-03-19 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna, manufacturing method thereof and communication device |
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