CN110942968A - X-ray tube and medical imaging apparatus having the same - Google Patents
X-ray tube and medical imaging apparatus having the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110942968A CN110942968A CN201911370137.5A CN201911370137A CN110942968A CN 110942968 A CN110942968 A CN 110942968A CN 201911370137 A CN201911370137 A CN 201911370137A CN 110942968 A CN110942968 A CN 110942968A
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- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4417—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to combined acquisition of different diagnostic modalities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an X-ray tube, comprising an electron emitter; the X-ray tube further comprises a switching assembly, the switching assembly comprises a first power supply and an electron transmission layer relative to the electron emitter, two opposite side surfaces of the electron transmission layer are respectively and electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the voltage of the first power supply can be changed to adjust the transmissivity of the electron transmission layer to electrons emitted by the electron emitter. The X-ray tube provided by the invention is provided with the electron transmission layer, the electron transmission amount is controlled and adjusted by utilizing the adjustable permeation of electrons emitted by the electron emitter under the first power supply through the electron transmission layer, and the timeliness, the precision and the accuracy of control are better improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical imaging, in particular to an X-ray tube and medical imaging equipment with the same.
Background
Dual-energy Computed Tomography (CT) can analyze the composition of a substance by using different absorption characteristics of the substance to X-rays at different energy levels, thereby improving the visualization ability of the substance to soft tissues and having very high clinical application value. The quick kilovolt switching of the single-source CT is used as one of the dual-energy CT, has the advantages of being simultaneous, homologous, homodromous and the like compared with the traditional dual-source CT, and is a dual-energy imaging method with excellent performance.
The X-ray source is mainly used for electrically heating a cathode filament to 1900-2600 ℃ through the current of an electron emitter to generate hot electrons. To achieve consistent X-ray source radiation dose in dual-energy CT and increase the resolution of dual-energy imaging, electron emitters are required to emit different numbers of electrons to the anode while switching between high energy (e.g., 140kV) and low energy (e.g., 80 kV). However, as the requirement for the accuracy of X-ray is higher and higher, the high voltage generator can be switched at a fast kilovoltage in the microsecond level, and although the current switching speed of the electron emitter can reach the same microsecond level, because the temperature of the cathode filament is delayed, the temperature cannot be raised or lowered quickly with the current change of the electron emitter, and it is still difficult to control the quantity of electrons emitted to the anode synchronously.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved X-ray tube and medical imaging apparatus.
The invention provides an X-ray tube, comprising an electron emitter; the X-ray tube further comprises a switching assembly, the switching assembly comprises a first power supply and an electron transmission layer relative to the electron emitter, two opposite side surfaces of the electron transmission layer are respectively and electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the voltage of the first power supply can be changed to adjust the transmissivity of the electron transmission layer to electrons emitted by the electron emitter.
Further, the electron transmission layer is a secondary electron amplification film.
Further, the secondary electron amplification film is a diamond film.
Further, the first side of the diamond film is coated with a conductive layer.
Further, the conductive layer is one of a zinc plating layer, a gold plating layer, or a copper plating layer.
Furthermore, the second side surface of the diamond film is also provided with a potential reduction layer.
Further, the potential reduction layer is a hydrogenated layer or a cesium layer.
Furthermore, two opposite side surfaces of the electron transmission layer are electrically connected to the anode and the cathode of the first power supply respectively through the conductive layer and the potential reduction layer.
Further, an electron emission direction of the electron emitter is perpendicular to the electron transmission layer.
The invention provides a medical imaging device, which comprises an X-ray tube, wherein the X-ray tube is the X-ray tube in any item.
The X-ray tube provided by the invention is provided with the electron transmission layer, the electron transmission amount is controlled and adjusted by utilizing the adjustable permeation of electrons emitted by the electron emitter under the first power supply through the electron transmission layer, and the timeliness, the precision and the accuracy of control are better improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an X-ray tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main elements
| |
100 |
| |
10 |
| |
11 |
| |
20 |
| |
30 |
| Electron- |
31 |
| Diamond film | 32 |
| |
321 |
| |
322 |
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted on" another element, it can be directly mounted on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an X-ray tube 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The X-ray tube 100 is used to emit X-rays, which can strike a metal target with accelerated electrons, and emit X-rays having a continuous X-ray spectrum by discharging part of the energy of the electrons (about 1% of them) in the form of photons (braking radiation) through the kinetic energy loss of the electrons during the striking process. Or by knocking electrons out of inner electrons of metal atoms so that outer electrons of the atoms can transit to the inner layer (characteristic radiation), thereby emitting X-rays having a characteristic X-ray spectrum (characteristic radiation).
In the present embodiment, the X-ray tube 100 is applied to a medical imaging device, which can be used for X-ray emission of a single-modality medical imaging device, such as a CT machine, a CR machine, a DR machine, and the like; but also for X-ray emission from multi-modality medical imaging devices, such as PET/CT machines and the like.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the X-ray tube 100 being applicable only to medical imaging devices; in other embodiments, the X-ray tube 100 may also be used in the fields of industrial inspection, security inspection, biomacromolecule analysis, X-ray satellite navigation, and the like.
Specifically, the X-ray tube 100 includes a tube case (not shown), a cathode assembly (not shown), and an anode assembly (not shown), wherein the tube case forms a closed vacuum space therein, the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are both accommodated in the vacuum space inside the tube case, and the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are disposed opposite to each other.
The tube shell is used for accommodating and bearing a cathode component and an anode component, the cathode component is used for emitting electron beams, and the anode component is used for bearing the electron beams emitted by the cathode component. The electron beam emitted by the cathode component is transmitted in a low-loss state in a vacuum space provided by the tube shell, and is accelerated and bombarded to the surface of the anode component under the action of an external electric field, and the X-ray is emitted by utilizing the principle of characteristic radiation or braking radiation.
As far as the structure of the envelope itself is concerned, it may adopt a conventional structure. It can be made of glass, ceramic or other materials except glass, such as metal, as long as the envelope itself can form a closed vacuum environment.
The cathode assembly includes an electron emitter 10 and a second power source 11 electrically connected to the electron emitter 10, wherein the second power source 11 supplies power to the electron emitter 10 through a driving circuit (not shown), so as to drive the electron emitter to emit an electron beam. The structure of the electron emitter may be a spiral coil, a D-shaped, a planar emitter, etc., as long as it can achieve emission of electron beams after being energized. The material of the electron emitter may be tungsten or other material capable of emitting an electron beam when energized.
The electron emitter generates high temperature (generally more than 2000K) under the driving action of the electron emitter driving circuit, and the surface electrons of the electron emitter have enough escape energy due to the high temperature and escape from the surface of the electron emitter through the form of thermal motion, which is macroscopically represented as that the electron emitter emits electron beams.
The anode assembly includes a target disk 20 and a rotation shaft (not shown) for driving the target disk 20 to rotate, and the target disk 20 is disposed opposite to the electron emitter and connected to the rotation shaft. The target disk 20 is used for receiving and bearing the electron beam emitted by the electron emitter, and the surface (often called a focus) of the target disk 20 directly impacted by the electron beam generates and emits X rays; the spindle is used to drive the target disk 20 to rotate.
The X-ray tube 100 provided by the present invention is a rotating anode X-ray tube, wherein an electron beam emitted by an electron emitter inside the X-ray tube bombards the surface of the target disk 20, and after being blocked by the surface of the target disk 20, most of the kinetic energy (more than 99%) of the X-ray tube is dissipated as heat energy; due to the high speed rotation of the target disk 20, the focal position on the target disk 20 directly carrying the electron beam is constantly switched, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect and extending the life of the target disk 20, which is also a direct reason why the rotary anode X-ray tube can gradually replace the fixed anode X-ray tube.
The target disk 20 itself may be in the form of a disk, or may be in the form of a column. In order to increase the heat conduction efficiency of the target disk 20, the interior of the target disk 20 may be provided as hollow and accordingly filled with a material for increasing the heat dissipation effect. Since the target disk 20 collects a large amount of heat during the bombardment with the electron beam, the operating temperature of the target disk 20 is typically above 1200 c, even up to 1800 c. Therefore, the target disk 20 is preferably made of copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, aluminum, or other alloy material having a high melting point and a good heat conductivity.
In the present embodiment, the target disk 20 is disposed eccentrically to the electron emitter, that is, the electron emitter is disposed eccentrically to the axis of the target disk 20, not to face the axis of the target disk 20 (that is, the axis of the rotation shaft). At this time, the bombardment bearing area of the target disk 20 has a larger rotation linear velocity, and the heat dissipation effect is better.
The conventional X-ray tube heats the electron emitter by the second power source, and generates thermal electrons by electron overflow of the electron emitter at a high temperature (up to 1900 to 2600 ℃). In medical imaging devices such as dual energy CT, which require fast changing X-ray characteristic parameters, the X-ray tube needs to be switched fast between high energy (e.g. 140kV) and low energy (e.g. 80kV) to enable the target disk to emit different amounts of electrons. Although the second power supply can adopt a high-voltage generator and can realize microsecond kilovoltage switching, hysteresis exists between the temperature rise and the temperature fall of the electron emitter and the voltage change between the high-voltage generator, the temperature cannot be rapidly increased or decreased along with the current change of the electron emitter, and the quantity of electrons dissipated to the target disc is still difficult to be synchronously controlled.
The X-ray tube 100 provided by the invention is further provided with the switching assembly 30, and the X-ray tube 100 provided by the invention is provided with the switching assembly 30, so that the permeability of the switching assembly 30 to electrons emitted by the electron emitter 10 can be adjusted to realize the rapid switching of the electron emission quantity.
Specifically, the switching element 30 includes a first power source (not shown) for applying an electric field to the electron-transmissive layer 31, and the electron-transmissive layer 31 opposite to the electron emitter 10, the electron-transmissive layer 31 for absorbing primary electrons emitted from the electron emitter 10 and emitting secondary electrons; under the load of the first power supply, the secondary electrons released by the electron transmission layer 31 can be more than the primary electrons released by the electron emitter 10, so that the adjustment of the emission amount of the electron beam (i.e., the emission amount of the secondary electrons) is achieved by the voltage adjustment of the first power supply.
It should be additionally explained that the "transmittance" of the electron-transmissive layer 31 with respect to electrons emitted from the electron emitter 10, as referred to herein, refers to the ratio between the amount of electrons emitted from the electron-transmissive layer 31 and the initial amount of electrons emitted from the electron emitter 10; substantially, electrons derived from the electron-transmitting layer 31 are not generated by the initial electron transmission emitted from the electron emitter 10; here, the relationship between the amount of electrons emitted from the electron-transmitting layer 31 and the amount of initial electrons emitted from the electron emitter 10 is merely shown, and does not represent the mechanism of derivation of the two.
The excitation mechanism of the electron-transmitting layer 31 for electrons is briefly described below:
when the primary electrons are incident on the electron-transmitting layer 31, the electrons in the electron-transmitting layer 31 are excited by the primary electrons, transition from a low energy state to a high energy state, and move from the sites generated by the excitation to the surface. In the process of moving to the surface, secondary electrons collide with free electrons, lattice atoms and lattice defects, and are recombined with ions to lose energy. The internal secondary electrons that reach the surface escape overcoming the surface barrier.
Therefore, the amount of electrons can be controlled by controlling the voltage of the first power supply. The voltage regulation of the first power supply can directly act on the electron emission amount without hysteresis, so that the control precision and accuracy of the electron emission amount are improved.
The X-ray tube 100 provided by the invention is provided with the electron transmission layer 31, and the electron transmission amount is controlled and adjusted by utilizing the adjustable permeation of electrons emitted by the electron emitter 10 by the electron transmission layer 31 under the first power supply, so that the timeliness, the precision and the accuracy of control are better improved.
In the present embodiment, the electron-transmitting layer 31 is a secondary electron amplification thin film; at this time, the emission amount of the secondary electrons can be greater than that of the primary electrons, which is beneficial to reducing the amount of the primary electrons required to be emitted by the electron emitter 10 and reducing the operating temperature of the electron emitter 10. According to the actual detection, the operating temperature of the electron emitter 10 can be lowered by orders of magnitude by using the electron equivalent emission amount generated by the secondary electron amplification film.
It is to be understood that in other embodiments, the electron-transmitting layer 31 may also be other than the secondary electron amplifying thin film, as long as the electron-transmitting layer can adjust the excitation amount of electrons under voltage.
Meanwhile, due to the amplification effect of secondary electrons, the first power supply does not need to be switched on the kilovolt magnitude, and can be switched on the hundred-volt magnitude or even the tens of volts magnitude, so that the switching reliability is improved.
In the present embodiment, the secondary electron amplification film is a diamond thin film 32. This can lead to an increase in the cost performance of the X-ray tube 100, since the diamond film 32 has a better advantage in permeability adjustment range and cost than other films.
In this embodiment, the two sides of the diamond film 32 are further coated with a conductive layer 321 and a potential-reducing layer 322, the conductive layer 321 and the potential-reducing layer 322 are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power source, respectively, the conductive layer 321 is used for applying an electric field of the first power source to the diamond film 32, and the potential-reducing layer 322 is used for reducing the negative electron affinity of the surface of the diamond film.
Further, the conductive layer 321 is one of a zinc plating layer, a gold plating layer, or a copper plating layer. The conductive layer 321 has better conductivity. It is understood that in other embodiments, the conductive layer 321 may also adopt other plating layers besides the zinc plating layer, the gold plating layer or the copper plating layer, as long as the conductive layer 321 can guide the first power supply power.
Further, the potential-lowering layer 322 is a hydrogenated layer or a cesium layer. The effect of the potential reduction layer 322 on the reduction of the negative electron affinity of the diamond thin film surface is preferable. It is understood that in other embodiments, the potential reduction layer 322 may also be a functional coating other than a hydride layer or a cesium layer, as long as the potential reduction layer 322 can achieve a reduction in the negative electron affinity for the surface of the diamond film.
Further, in view of improving the electron absorption rate of the electron transmission layer 31 to the electron emitter 10, the electron emission direction of the electron emitter 10 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the electron transmission layer 31. The electron-transmitting layer 31 has an optimum absorption rate for the electron emitter 10 at this time.
Of course, if the electron absorption rate of the electron transport layer 31 to the electron emitter 10 is not considered, the extending direction of the electron transport layer 31 and the electron emission direction of the electron emitter 10 may be at an angle other than 90 °.
Since the first power supply can adjust the transmittance of the electron transmission layer 31 for the electrons emitted from the electron emitter 10 through its own voltage variation, the second power supply 11 does not need to use a periodic switching power supply and does not need to switch between 80KV and 110KV, which further reduces the performance requirement for the first power supply and reduces the cost.
The present invention also provides a medical imaging system (not shown) using the X-ray tube 100, which emits X-rays by using the X-ray tube 100 and irradiates a human body with the X-rays to form a medical image.
In the present embodiment, the medical imaging system is a CT machine. It is understood that in other embodiments, the medical imaging system may also be a dual modality medical imaging device such as a PET/CT.
The medical imaging system provided by the invention can realize accurate adjustment of electron emission quantity by adopting the X-ray tube 100.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that suitable changes and modifications of the above embodiments are within the scope of the claimed invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An X-ray tube comprising an electron emitter; the X-ray tube is characterized by further comprising a switching assembly, wherein the switching assembly comprises a first power supply and an electron transmission layer relative to the electron emitter, two opposite side surfaces of the electron transmission layer are respectively and electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the voltage of the first power supply can be changed to adjust the transmissivity of the electron transmission layer to electrons emitted by the electron emitter.
2. The X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the electron transmissive layer is a secondary electron amplifying thin film.
3. The X-ray tube according to claim 2, wherein the secondary electron amplification film is a diamond film.
4. The X-ray tube of claim 3, wherein the first side of the diamond film is coated with a conductive layer.
5. The X-ray tube of claim 4, wherein the conductive layer is one of a zinc plating layer, a gold plating layer, or a copper plating layer.
6. The X-ray tube of claim 4, wherein the second side of the diamond film is further provided with a potential-lowering layer.
7. The X-ray tube of claim 6, wherein the potential-lowering layer is a hydrogenated layer or a caesiated layer.
8. The X-ray tube of claim 6, wherein two opposite sides of the electron-transmitting layer are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first power source through the conductive layer and the potential-lowering layer, respectively.
9. The X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein an electron emission direction of the electron emitter is perpendicular to the electron transmissive layer.
10. A medical imaging device comprising an X-ray tube, wherein the X-ray tube is an X-ray tube according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911370137.5A CN110942968A (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2019-12-26 | X-ray tube and medical imaging apparatus having the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911370137.5A CN110942968A (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2019-12-26 | X-ray tube and medical imaging apparatus having the same |
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| CN110942968A true CN110942968A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113436950A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-24 | 上海交通大学 | Cathode electron enhancing device of X-ray bulb tube |
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2019
- 2019-12-26 CN CN201911370137.5A patent/CN110942968A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113436950A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-24 | 上海交通大学 | Cathode electron enhancing device of X-ray bulb tube |
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