CN110942760A - Underwater acoustic covering layer based on functional gradient plate - Google Patents
Underwater acoustic covering layer based on functional gradient plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110942760A CN110942760A CN201911098101.6A CN201911098101A CN110942760A CN 110942760 A CN110942760 A CN 110942760A CN 201911098101 A CN201911098101 A CN 201911098101A CN 110942760 A CN110942760 A CN 110942760A
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- covering layer
- functional gradient
- gradient plate
- coating layer
- cavity
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 46
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012814 acoustic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
- G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an underwater acoustic covering layer based on a functional gradient plate. The multifunctional coating comprises a coating layer, wherein the coating layer comprises an outer coating layer (1), an inner coating layer (3) and a functional gradient plate (2), the outer coating layer (1) and the inner coating layer (3) are laid on two sides of the functional gradient plate (2) to realize the coupling of the outer coating layer, the inner coating layer and the functional gradient plate, and a periodic cavity is arranged in the inner coating layer (3). The impedance of the cavity in the inner covering layer is greatly different from that of the polyurethane sound absorption rubber, and sound waves are reflected at the boundary of the cavity, so that the sound wave propagation distance can be increased, the transmission of the sound waves can be effectively reduced, the sound waves are reflected to the outer covering layer to dissipate secondary energy, and the sound absorption performance of the whole covering layer structure is improved; in addition, the cavity structure can also generate resonance absorption, and sound waves entering along the micropores or the gaps can cause viscous resistance of the cavity inside the cavity, so that vibration energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration-damping and noise-reducing material, in particular to an acoustic covering layer structure applied to the surface of an underwater vehicle.
Background
In recent years, the research on the acoustic characteristics of the acoustic covering layer has become a popular research field, and with the development and progress of sonar detection technology, the acoustic covering layer develops towards the research direction of low-frequency and wide-frequency sound absorption so as to meet the acoustic technical requirements of underwater vehicles.
With the proposal of the concept of the acoustic metamaterial, the acoustic metamaterial is widely applied to the field of vibration and noise reduction due to the specific physical characteristics, but the application research of the acoustic metamaterial in the underwater sound absorption and sound insulation direction is rare. From the published literature, it can be seen that the conventional acoustic metamaterial does have good sound absorption performance, but the sound absorption frequency range is narrow, and only in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, which is difficult to meet the acoustic technical requirements of the underwater vehicle.
In summary, the application of the conventional acoustic material in underwater sound absorption is limited due to the narrow sound absorption band, and for this reason, it is necessary to design a combined cavity coupling resonance type underwater acoustic covering layer with a functional gradient plate to improve the deficiency of the conventional acoustic metamaterial, however, no research work in relevant aspects is found after consulting domestic and foreign literatures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater acoustic covering layer based on a functional gradient board, which has a good noise reduction effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the multifunctional coating comprises a coating layer, wherein the coating layer comprises an outer coating layer 1, an inner coating layer 3 and a functional gradient plate 2, the outer coating layer 1 and the inner coating layer 3 are paved on two sides of the functional gradient plate 2 to realize the coupling of the three, and a periodic cavity is arranged in the inner coating layer (3).
The present invention may further comprise:
1. the cavity is in the shape of a cylinder, a round table or a square column.
2. The outer covering layer 1 and the inner covering layer 3 are both made of polyurethane sound-absorbing rubber; the functional gradient plate 2 is formed by compounding two or more than two materials.
3. The properties of all materials of the functional gradient plate 2 are continuously changed in a gradient manner along the thickness direction, and the dynamic characteristics of the functional gradient plate are adjusted by changing the material component ratio of the functional gradient plate.
4. The functional gradient plate is formed by compounding aluminum and zirconia ceramics.
The invention provides an underwater acoustic covering layer based on a functional gradient plate, which has a good noise reduction effect, and particularly has a good noise reduction effect on incident sound waves with specific frequency.
The underwater acoustic covering layer structure based on the functional gradient plate comprises an outer covering layer 1, a functional gradient plate 2 and an inner covering layer 3 in sequence from the incident direction of sound waves. The outer covering layer 1 and the inner covering layer 3 are made of polyurethane sound absorption rubber, and the inner covering layer 3 is provided with a periodic cavity structure. The functional gradient plate 2 is formed by compounding 2 or more materials.
The material properties of the functional gradient plate 2 are continuously changed in a gradient manner along the thickness direction, and can be adjusted according to the required sound absorption frequency band.
The inner cladding layer 3 has a periodic cavity structure.
The mechanism of the acoustic action of the present invention is briefly described as follows:
the sound wave is incident from the side of the outer covering layer 1, and because the acoustic impedance of the outer covering layer 1 is very close to that of the aqueous medium, the sound wave can more easily enter the interior of the acoustic covering layer and is not reflected on the surface; the polyurethane sound absorption material has excellent damping performance, and sound energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated under the action of elastic relaxation, internal friction and the like.
The inner covering layer 3 is laid at the back of the outer covering layer 1, the impedance of the cavity in the inner covering layer 3 is greatly different from that of the polyurethane sound absorption rubber, and sound waves are reflected at the boundary of the cavity, so that the sound wave propagation distance can be increased, the transmission of the sound waves is effectively reduced, the sound waves are reflected to the outer covering layer to dissipate secondary energy, and the sound absorption performance of the whole covering layer structure is improved; in addition, the cavity structure can also generate resonance absorption, and sound waves entering along the micropores or the gaps can cause viscous resistance of the cavity inside the cavity, so that vibration energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated.
The outer cover layer 1 and the inner cover layer 3 are coupled by a functionally graded plate 2, the functionally graded plate 2 enhancing the resonance of the acoustic cover layer at a specific frequency, enhancing the energy dissipation of the sound waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underwater acoustic covering layer based on a functional gradient plate.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the gradient index P of the functionally gradient plate and the sound absorption performance of the integral covering layer.
Fig. 3 shows physical parameters of the material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below by way of example.
With reference to fig. 1, the underwater acoustic covering based on the functionally graded plate of the present invention, in which sound waves are incident in the direction of arrows in the figure, is composed of an outer covering layer 1, a functionally graded plate 2, and an inner covering layer 3 in this order. The outer covering layer 1 and the inner covering layer 3 are both made of polyurethane sound-absorbing rubber. The inner covering layer 3 has a cavity structure which is arranged periodically, and the cavity can be in the shape of a cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a square column and the like. The inner cover layer 3 is adhered to the outer surface of the underwater vehicle.
The functional gradient plate 2 is compounded by using aluminum and zirconia ceramics as base materials, and can also be copper and alumina; copper and silicon oxide are used as base materials for compounding and the like. The volume fractions of the two base materials are continuously changed in the thickness direction, so that the overall material property of the plate has different gradient change rules along the thickness direction, and different dynamic characteristics are obtained. The higher the density of the functionally graded plate 2, the lower the resonant frequency of the acoustic coating and the lower the corresponding first sound absorption peak frequency.
The acoustic properties of the present invention are analyzed in more detail by simulation calculations as follows:
in this example, the material of the cover layer was polyurethane, the base material of the functionally graded plate was aluminum and zirconia ceramics, the parameters of the materials are shown in table 1 of fig. 3, the thickness of the outer cover layer and the inner cover layer were both 0.03m, the thickness of the functionally graded plate was 0.01m, and the radius and height of the cylindrical cavity in the inner cover layer were 0.012m and 0.02m, respectively. By performing simulation calculation on the acoustic characteristics of the present invention, the functional gradient plate is degenerated to an isotropic homogeneous ceramic plate when the gradient index P → ∞ is 0 and degenerated to an isotropic homogeneous ceramic plate when the gradient index P → ∞. By changing the volume fractions of the two base materials, the overall material properties of the panel are changed along the thickness direction according to different gradient rules, and the calculation result is as shown in fig. 2, and as the gradient index increases, the sound absorption peak of the cover layer shifts to a low frequency between two limits (P ═ 0, P → ∞). Therefore, the volume fractions of the two base materials can be changed as required to change the dynamic characteristics of the functional gradient plate so as to adjust the sound absorption frequency range of the covering layer and realize the adjustability of the sound absorption frequency range of the covering layer.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An underwater acoustic covering based on a functional gradient board comprises a covering layer and is characterized in that: the covering layer comprises an outer covering layer (1), an inner covering layer (3) and a functional gradient plate (2), wherein the outer covering layer (1) and the inner covering layer (3) are laid on two sides of the functional gradient plate (2) to realize the coupling of the outer covering layer, the inner covering layer and the functional gradient plate, and a periodic cavity is formed in the inner covering layer (3).
2. The functionally graded panel based underwater acoustic blanket of claim 1 further comprising: the cavity is in the shape of a cylinder, a round table or a square column.
3. The functionally graded panel based underwater acoustic blanket of claim 2 further comprising: the outer covering layer (1) and the inner covering layer (3) are both made of polyurethane sound-absorbing rubber; the functional gradient plate (2) is formed by compounding two or more than two materials.
4. The functionally graded panel based underwater acoustic blanket of claim 3 wherein: the properties of all materials of the functional gradient plate (2) are changed in a continuous gradient manner along the thickness direction, and the dynamic characteristics of the functional gradient plate are adjusted by changing the material component ratio of the functional gradient plate.
5. The functionally graded panel based underwater acoustic blanket of claim 4 further comprising: the functional gradient plate is formed by compounding aluminum and zirconia ceramics.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911098101.6A CN110942760B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Underwater acoustic covering layer based on functional gradient plate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911098101.6A CN110942760B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Underwater acoustic covering layer based on functional gradient plate |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110942760A true CN110942760A (en) | 2020-03-31 |
| CN110942760B CN110942760B (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112562622A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Low-frequency sound absorption covering layer containing gradient cylinder cavity |
| CN114104234A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江大学 | Covering layer diffuse reflection type sound absorption superstructure unit and superstructure |
| CN116477028A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-25 | 上海交通大学 | Local small-curvature-radius airfoil structure for underwater vehicle |
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| CN114104234A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江大学 | Covering layer diffuse reflection type sound absorption superstructure unit and superstructure |
| CN114104234B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-08-08 | 浙江大学 | Cover layer diffuse reflection type sound absorption super-structure unit and super-structure |
| CN116477028A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-25 | 上海交通大学 | Local small-curvature-radius airfoil structure for underwater vehicle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110942760B (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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