CN110940662B - 一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法 - Google Patents
一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法,具体包括以下步骤:(1)取水、茶汤和茶叶进行前处理,得到待测溶液,并在待测溶液中加入亚甲基蓝作为颜色指示剂;(2)调节步骤(1)得到的待测溶液pH至碱性进行显色反应,液液萃取后,静置,比色实现对水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测。本发明具有操作简单、灵敏度高、耗时短、成本低、重复性好等优点,可以在较短的时间内完成高氯酸盐可视化检测,方便进行现场实时监控,为水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的定性测定提供技术支持,水、茶汤及茶叶中的检测限分别可达0.005mM、0.02mM和5 mg kg‑1。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于检测技术领域,具体涉及一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法。
背景技术
高氯酸盐(ClO4 -)具有甲状腺毒性,因其水溶性较高,高氯酸盐常在水体环境中被检出,属于全球污染物,已受到学术界广泛关注,尤其是环境和食品领域。茶叶作为健康饮品广受国内外喜爱,其质量安全尤为重要,自2015年以来高氯酸盐作为茶叶新型污染物进入人们的视线,引起了对茶叶质量安全的强烈关注。迄今为止,多位研究者调查表明,茶叶中高氯酸盐检出率高于90%。
当前高氯酸盐的检测主要依赖于各种分析仪器,包括离子色谱(IC)、液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)、红外吸收光谱(IR)、拉曼光谱和毛细管电泳。虽然上述检测方法灵敏度和精确度较高,但大型仪器的使用、冗长的前处理过程使其难以开展现场实时监控。因此开发一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法,通过将待测液中加入亚甲基蓝作为颜色指示剂,在一定条件下进行显色反应,实现对水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测。
具体技术方案如下:
(1)取水、茶汤和茶叶进行前处理,得到待测溶液,并在待测溶液中加入亚甲基蓝作为颜色指示剂;
(2)调节步骤(1)得到的待测溶液pH至碱性进行显色反应,液液萃取后,静置,比色实现对水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测。
所述步骤(1)中水前处理为:水样品离心,取上清液;茶汤前处理为:取3 g茶叶,经150 mL沸水冲泡5 min后,离心取上清;茶叶前处理为:取2g茶叶,置于10-50mL水或0.1%-1%的甲酸水溶液中,超声提取3-10 min,离心取上清液5-10mL,加入0.01-0.5mL饱和醋酸铅,液液萃取后,取水相层。
所述步骤(1)中亚甲基蓝水溶液浓度为0.1-100mM,加入量为1μL-1mL。
所述步骤(1)中1 mL待测溶液中加入0.1-100 mM亚甲基蓝水溶液1 μL-1 mL。
所述步骤(2)中加入碱性物质调节pH至碱性,所述碱性物质包括但不限于氨水、氢氧化钠和三乙胺。
所述步骤(2)中显色反应条件为:在20-35℃反应1-5 min。
所述液液萃取为:加入0.5-2mL有机溶剂,剧烈摇晃1-3 min后,静置分层,其中有机溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。
本发明具有操作简单、灵敏度高、耗时短、成本低、重复性好等优点,可以在较短的时间内完成高氯酸盐可视化检测,方便进行现场实时监控,为水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的定性测定提供技术支持,水、茶汤及茶叶中的检测限分别可达0.005mM、0.02mM和5 mg kg-1。
附图说明
图1为显色反应对水中不同阴离子的选择特异性,从左到右为空白、ClO4 -、Cl-、H2PO4 -、HPO4 2-和SO4 2-。
图2为显色反应的选择特异性。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图与各实施例来进一步说明本发明。
实施例一:水、茶汤和茶叶待测液的显色反应
(1)取水、茶汤和茶叶进行前处理,得到待测溶液,并在1mL待测溶液中加入0.1-100 mM亚甲基蓝水溶液1-10 mL,作为颜色指示剂。
水样品前处理:河水等水样品离心,取上清液;茶汤样品前处理:3 g茶叶经150 mL沸水冲泡5 min后,离心取上清,静置冷却至室温;茶叶样品前处理:取2g茶叶,置于10-50mL水或0.1%-1%的甲酸水溶液中,超声提取3-10 min,离心取上清液5-10mL,加入0.01-0.5mL饱和醋酸铅,液液萃取后,取水相层。
液液萃取方法为:加入0.5-2mL有机溶剂,剧烈摇晃1-3 min后,静置分层,其中有机溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。若茶叶提取液不进行净化处理,提取液中的色素及物质影响显色反应,导致检测灵敏度低。
(2)利用氨水、氢氧化钠、三乙胺等碱性物质调节步骤(1)得到的待测溶液pH至碱性,在20-35℃下反应1-5 min进行显色反应,再加入0.5-2 mL有机溶剂(乙酸乙酯、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种),剧烈摇晃1-3 min后静置分层。若显蓝色,则表明含有高氯酸盐。
实施例二:显色反应条件优化
现有技术中亚甲基蓝溶液在酸性条件下与高氯酸盐可形成1:1复合物,在有机溶剂中显蓝色,而空白对照的有机溶剂呈浅蓝色,无法进行可视判定,需借助紫外可见仪器分析。为实现高氯酸盐的可视化分析,基于亚甲基蓝指示剂优化显色条件:指示剂浓度、指示剂添加量、反应温度、时间和溶液pH。当溶液pH > 7时,空白对照有机层显红色,而高氯酸盐实验组有机层显蓝色,从而实现高氯酸盐的可视化分析。如图1所示(数字为酸碱加入的体积分数,%):当加入1-10 %甲酸到亚甲基蓝溶液中时,空白对照组有机层显浅蓝色(图1a左),高氯酸盐实验组有机层显蓝色(图1b左);当加入1-10 %氨水时,空白对照组有机层显红色(图1a右),高氯酸盐实验组有机层显蓝色(图1b右)。最终显色反应如下:1 mL待测溶液中加入0.1-100 mM亚甲基蓝水溶液1 μL-1 mL, 利用氨水、氢氧化钠、三乙胺等碱性物质调节pH至碱性(pH > 7),在20-35℃反应1-5 min。
实施例三:显色反应的选择特异性
去离子水中添加相同浓度的不同阴离子(ClO4 -、Cl-、H2PO4 -、HPO4 2-、SO4 2-,均为钠盐化合物,0.5 mM),混合均匀,静置2h。取1 mL进行显色反应,加入0.1-100 mM亚甲基蓝水溶液1-10 mL, 利用氨水、氢氧化钠、三乙胺等碱性物质调节pH至碱性(pH > 7),在20-35℃反应1-5 min,再加入0.5-2 mL有机溶剂(乙酸乙酯、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种),剧烈摇晃1-3 min后静置分层(图 2)。如图2所示,空白和其他阴离子的有机层显红色,仅高氯酸盐的有机层显蓝色,证实该显色反应对高氯酸盐具有良好的选择特异性。
实施例四:水、茶汤和茶叶待测液中显色反应的检测限
取空白水、茶汤和茶叶待测液,添加不同浓度高氯酸盐后,进行上述显色反应,比色确定其反应检测限。本发明的方法检测限在水中可达0.005 mM、茶汤中0.02 mM、茶叶中5mg/kg。
以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例,仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种水、茶汤及茶叶中高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)取水、茶汤和茶叶进行前处理,得到待测溶液,并在待测溶液中加入亚甲基蓝作为颜色指示剂,1 mL待测溶液中加入0.1-100 mM亚甲基蓝水溶液1 μL-1 mL;
其中水前处理为:水样品离心,取上清液;茶汤前处理为:取3 g茶叶,经150 mL沸水冲泡5 min后,离心取上清;茶叶前处理为:取2g茶叶,置于10-50mL水或0.1%-1%的甲酸水溶液中,超声提取3-10 min,离心取上清液5-10mL,加入0.01-0.5mL饱和醋酸铅,液液萃取后,取水相层;
(2)利用碱性物质调节步骤(1)得到的待测溶液pH至碱性进行显色反应,液液萃取后,静置,当溶液pH>7时,含有高氯酸盐有机层显蓝色,空白对照有机层显红色,从而实现高氯酸盐的快速可视化检测;
所述碱性物质包括但不限于氨水、氢氧化钠和三乙胺;
所述显色反应条件为:在20-35℃反应1-5 min;
所述液液萃取为:加入0.5-2mL有机溶剂,剧烈摇晃1-3 min;
所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。
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