CN110938765B - Manufacturing method of high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for automobile chassis - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for automobile chassis Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
A manufacturing method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for an automobile chassis relates to an aluminum alloy bar and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that the tensile strength and the pre-yield strength of the existing 6082 aluminum alloy bar are low and the requirement on the bearing capacity of the automobile chassis in the future is difficult to meet. A high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for an automobile chassis is composed of Si, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr and Al. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing; secondly, smelting; thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy round cast ingot; fourthly, homogenizing and annealing treatment; fifthly, extruding a finished bar; sixthly, solid solution and aging treatment. The invention is mainly used for high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bars for automobile chassis and manufacturing the same.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy bar and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, along with the rapid development of the automobile field, higher requirements are put forward on related performance indexes of the material, and further, in order to meet the requirements of customers, the aluminum alloy material with high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, weldability and other excellent comprehensive properties is urgently needed to be further researched and developed, and the aluminum alloy material preemptively occupies the market and is put into application. The Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy material capable of being reinforced by heat treatment is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, weaponry, transportation, modern buildings and the like. The series alloy has good castability, formability, welding performance and corrosion resistance, but also has the defects of lower strength and the like, such as high-strength 6082 aluminum alloy with typical tensile strength lower than 400 MPa. Meanwhile, the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy material with higher strength and better comprehensive performance (good plasticity and corrosion resistance) is urgently adopted in the market so as to achieve the effects of improving the service performance of the material and reducing the weight of the component.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing 6082 aluminum alloy bar has low tensile strength and yield strength and is difficult to meet the requirement of the bearing capacity of an automobile chassis, and provides a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis and a manufacturing method thereof.
The high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0.6 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.4 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.06 to 0.14 percent of Zr and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, weighing:
according to the mass percent of Si of 0.8-1.6%, Cu of 0.6-1.2%, Mn of 0.4-1.0%, Mg of 1.0-2.0%, Zn of 0.2-1.0%, Ti of 0.02-0.05%, Zr of 0.06-0.14% and the balance of Al, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium ingot, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingot are weighed;
secondly, smelting:
adding the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step one into a gas reverberatory furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700-740 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, transferring the aluminum alloy solution into a resistance reverberatory furnace, degassing, slagging off, transferring into a standing furnace, and standing for 15-30 min to obtain a smelted aluminum alloy solution;
thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy round ingot:
filtering the smelted aluminum alloy solution through a ceramic filter, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing treatment:
placing the aluminum alloy round ingot in a uniform fire furnace, and preserving heat for 24-32 h under the condition that the metal temperature is 520-530 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy ingot;
fifthly, extruding a finished bar:
heating the annealed aluminum alloy ingot to 500-530 ℃, and then extruding by using an extruder, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 460-480 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 2-4 mm/s in the extrusion process to obtain a finished bar;
sixthly, solid solution and aging treatment:
heating the finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to 525-535 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h at the temperature of 525-535 ℃, quenching the finished bar in 15s after discharging, heating the quenched finished bar in the heat treatment furnace to 155-165 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12 h at the temperature of 155-165 ℃ and carrying out aging treatment, thus completing the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, the percentages of all elements in the alloy are strictly controlled, the ingot casting is subjected to homogenization treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is fully dissolved in the matrix, the grain structure tends to be uniform, no coarse and uneven second phase exists, and the strength and the plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy bar are obviously enhanced.
According to the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, through alloy component design and control of a heat treatment process, after the material is quenched and artificially aged, a high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy material with the yield strength of more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of more than 430MPa and the elongation of more than 8% is obtained, so that the existing 6082 aluminum alloy is replaced.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is that the mass percentages of all elements in the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis are as follows: 0.8 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0.6 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.4 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.06 to 0.14 percent of Zr and the balance of Al.
The advantages of the present embodiment: according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, the percentages of all elements in the alloy are strictly controlled, the ingot casting is subjected to homogenization treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is fully dissolved in the matrix, the grain structure tends to be uniform, no coarse and uneven second phase exists, and the strength and the plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy bar are obviously enhanced.
According to the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, through alloy component design and control of a heat treatment process, after the material is quenched and artificially aged, a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy material with yield strength of more than 400MPa, tensile strength of more than 430MPa and elongation of more than 8% is obtained to replace the existing 6082 aluminum alloy.
The allowable range of single impurities in the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the range of all impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the impurities in the range have no influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy bar.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Mg, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.04 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.10 to 0.14 percent of Zr and the balance of Al. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is a manufacturing method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for an automobile chassis, which is completed by the following steps:
firstly, weighing:
according to the mass percent of Si of 0.8-1.6%, Cu of 0.6-1.2%, Mn of 0.4-1.0%, Mg of 1.0-2.0%, Zn of 0.2-1.0%, Ti of 0.02-0.05%, Zr of 0.06-0.14% and the balance of Al, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, pure magnesium ingot, aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and pure aluminum ingot are weighed;
secondly, smelting:
adding the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step one into a gas reverberatory furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700-740 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, transferring the aluminum alloy solution into a resistance reverberatory furnace, degassing, slagging off, transferring into a standing furnace, and standing for 15-30 min to obtain a smelted aluminum alloy solution;
thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy round ingot:
filtering the smelted aluminum alloy solution through a ceramic filter, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing treatment:
placing the aluminum alloy round ingot in a uniform fire furnace, and preserving heat for 24-32 h under the condition that the metal temperature is 520-530 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy ingot;
fifthly, extruding a finished bar:
heating the annealed aluminum alloy ingot to 500-530 ℃, and then extruding by using an extruder, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 460-480 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 2-4 mm/s in the extrusion process to obtain a finished bar;
sixthly, solid solution and aging treatment:
heating the finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to 525-535 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h at the temperature of 525-535 ℃, quenching the finished bar in 15s after discharging, heating the quenched finished bar in the heat treatment furnace to 155-165 ℃, preserving heat for 8-12 h at the temperature of 155-165 ℃ and carrying out aging treatment, thus completing the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis.
The advantages of the present embodiment: according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, the percentages of all elements in the alloy are strictly controlled, the ingot casting is subjected to homogenization treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is fully dissolved in the matrix, the grain structure tends to be uniform, no coarse and uneven second phase exists, and the strength and the plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy bar are obviously enhanced.
According to the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, through alloy component design and control of a heat treatment process, after the material is quenched and artificially aged, a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy material with yield strength of more than 400MPa, tensile strength of more than 430MPa and elongation of more than 8% is obtained to replace the existing 6082 aluminum alloy.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that: in the first step, according to the mass percentages of all elements in the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, Si is 1.2-1.6%, Cu is 1.0-1.2%, Mn is 0.65-1.0%, Mg is 1.5-2.0%, Zn is 0.8-1.0%, Ti is 0.04-0.05%, Zr is 0.10-0.14%, and the balance is Al, an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and a pure aluminum ingot are weighed. The rest is the same as the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the third or fourth embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: and smelting at 720-740 ℃ to obtain the molten aluminum alloy. The other is the same as the third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the third to fifth embodiments are different from the first to fifth embodiments in that: and step two, transferring the molten aluminum alloy into a resistance reflection furnace, degassing, slagging off, transferring into a standing furnace, and standing for 20-30 min. The rest is the same as the third to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the third to sixth differences from the present embodiment are as follows: and step four, placing the aluminum alloy round ingot in a uniform fire furnace, and preserving heat for 28-32 hours under the condition that the metal temperature is 525-530 ℃ to obtain the annealed aluminum alloy ingot. The others are the same as the third to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the third to seventh differences from the present embodiment are: and fifthly, heating the annealed aluminum alloy ingot to 510-530 ℃, and then extruding by using an extruder, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 470-480 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3-4 mm/s in the extrusion process, so as to obtain the finished bar. The others are different from the third to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the third to eighth differences from the present embodiment are: and step six, heating the finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to the temperature of 530-535 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4.5-5.5 h under the condition that the temperature is 530-535 ℃. The others are the same as the third to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the third to ninth differences from the present embodiment are as follows: and step six, heating the quenched finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to 160-165 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-12 hours for aging treatment under the condition that the temperature is 160-165 ℃. The rest is the same as the third to ninth embodiments.
The following tests are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 1.2% of Si, 1.0% of Cu, 0.65% of Mn, 1.5% of Mg, 0.8% of Zn, 0.04% of Ti, 0.10% of Zr and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, weighing:
according to the mass percent of Si of 1.2%, Cu of 1.0%, Mn of 0.65%, Mg of 1.5%, Zn of 0.8%, Ti of 0.04%, Zr of 0.10% and the balance of Al in the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, weighing an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and a pure aluminum ingot;
secondly, smelting:
adding the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step one into a gas reverberatory furnace, smelting at the temperature of 720 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, transferring the aluminum alloy melt into a resistance reverberatory furnace, degassing, slagging off, transferring into a standing furnace, and standing for 20min to obtain a smelted aluminum alloy melt;
thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy round ingot:
filtering the smelted aluminum alloy solution through a ceramic filter, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing treatment:
placing the aluminum alloy round ingot in a uniform fire furnace, and preserving heat for 24 hours under the condition that the metal temperature is 520 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy ingot;
fifthly, extruding a finished bar:
heating the annealed aluminum alloy ingot to 510 ℃, and then extruding by using an extruder, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 470 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3mm/s in the extrusion process, so as to obtain a finished bar;
sixthly, solid solution and aging treatment:
heating the finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to 530 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5h at 530 ℃, quenching the finished bar in 15s after discharging, heating the quenched finished bar in the heat treatment furnace to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 12h at 160 ℃ and carrying out aging treatment, thus completing the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis.
According to GB/T228 standard tests, the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, which is prepared in the embodiment, has the yield strength of 414MPa, the tensile strength of 487MPa and the elongation of 10%.
According to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis, the percentages of all elements in the alloy are strictly controlled, the ingot casting is subjected to homogenization treatment, so that the second phase in the alloy is fully dissolved in the matrix, the grain structure tends to be uniform, no coarse and uneven second phase exists, and the strength and the plasticity of the extruded aluminum alloy bar are obviously enhanced.
The aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis of the embodiment forms the optimal Mg through alloy composition design and heat treatment process control2Si residual phase size, distribution and percentage of sub-crystalline structure.
Claims (1)
1. A manufacturing method of a high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for an automobile chassis is characterized in that the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis is completed according to the following steps:
firstly, weighing:
according to the mass percent of Si of 1.2%, Cu of 1.0%, Mn of 0.65%, Mg of 1.5%, Zn of 0.8%, Ti of 0.04%, Zr of 0.10% and the balance of Al in the aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis; weighing an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, a pure magnesium ingot, an aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and a pure aluminum ingot;
secondly, smelting:
adding the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, the pure magnesium ingot, the aluminum-zinc intermediate alloy, the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the pure aluminum ingot weighed in the step one into a gas reverberatory furnace, smelting at the temperature of 720 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, transferring the aluminum alloy melt into a resistance reverberatory furnace, degassing, slagging off, transferring into a standing furnace, and standing for 20min to obtain a smelted aluminum alloy melt;
thirdly, casting the aluminum alloy round ingot:
filtering the smelted aluminum alloy solution through a ceramic filter, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing treatment:
placing the aluminum alloy round ingot in a uniform fire furnace, and preserving heat for 24 hours under the condition that the metal temperature is 520 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy ingot;
fifthly, extruding a finished bar:
heating the annealed aluminum alloy ingot to 510 ℃, and then extruding by using an extruder, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 470 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3mm/s in the extrusion process to obtain a finished bar;
sixthly, solid solution and aging treatment:
heating the finished bar in a heat treatment furnace to 530 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5h at 530 ℃, quenching the finished bar in 15s after discharging, heating the quenched finished bar in the heat treatment furnace to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 12h at 160 ℃ and carrying out aging treatment, thus completing the manufacturing method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy bar for the automobile chassis.
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| CN111549250B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-07-09 | 丽水市航鸣科技有限公司 | High-performance aluminum-magnesium alloy wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN112210700B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-09-17 | 上海华峰铝业股份有限公司 | Al-Mg-Mn-Si alloy, alloy plate strip and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853176A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 哈尔滨中飞新技术股份有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy for automobile transmission shaft and preparation method thereof |
| CN114318079A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉镁里镁科技有限公司 | Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy for automobile transmission shaft and preparation method thereof |
| CN114717494A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-08 | 华南理工大学 | 6082 aluminum alloy extruded material and preparation method thereof |
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| EP3299482B1 (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-05-29 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel BVBA | Method of manufacturing a high-strength 6xxx-series forging material |
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