CN110931932B - Balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio and design method thereof - Google Patents
Balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110931932B CN110931932B CN201911261386.0A CN201911261386A CN110931932B CN 110931932 B CN110931932 B CN 110931932B CN 201911261386 A CN201911261386 A CN 201911261386A CN 110931932 B CN110931932 B CN 110931932B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio and a design method thereof, wherein the balance/unbalance power divider comprises: the balanced differential signal input circuit comprises a balanced differential signal input port A, five sections of branch lines, two sections of impedance converters, an isolation resistor and two single-ended signal output ports; the balanced differential signal input port A comprises a single-ended signal input port A + and a single-ended signal input port A-; the five-section branch line comprises a first branch line, a second branch line, a third branch line, a fourth branch line and a fifth branch line, and the first branch line, the second branch line, the third branch line, the fourth branch line and the fifth branch line are sequentially connected end to form a closed loop. The balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio has the characteristics of conversion function from differential signals to single-ended signals, good common mode rejection characteristic, ideal input and output matching characteristic and compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave power divider, in particular to a balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio and a design method thereof.
Background
The power divider, called simply power divider, has the function of separating and combining signals, and is widely applied to antenna feed networks, power amplifiers and balanced mixers. Compared with a Wilkinson power divider, the Gysel type power divider introduces a short-circuit resistor, and the problem that the Wilkinson power divider is poor in heat dissipation under the high-power condition because the resistor between the output ports is not grounded is solved; in addition, the power divider with the inverting characteristic has received more and more attention because it can be applied to, for example, a balanced circuit for reducing the noise figure of a current mixer and improving the performance.
With the continuous development of modern wireless communication systems, the requirements for electromagnetic communication are higher and higher, and especially in high-sensitivity networks, the influence of interference noise on the overall system performance is not negligible. The microwave device with a balanced structure can not only reduce common-mode signals, but also has strong anti-interference capability on noise, and becomes an important component in a communication system. For a system having both balanced and single-ended ports, it is necessary to use a balanced/unbalanced power divider as a connection element. In addition, the power divider with any power division ratio is more practical and has flexibility of any power distribution. In the power divider with the conventional structure, the power dividing ratio is adjusted by controlling the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. When the power divider is large, a high-impedance transmission line exists, and the physical implementation of the transmission line is limited by processing, so that the power divider with the traditional structure has a limited power divider ratio implementation range. Therefore, there is a need for a balanced/unbalanced power divider with simple design and capable of realizing any power ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio, which comprises the following specific schemes: the balanced differential signal input circuit comprises a balanced differential signal input port A, five sections of branch lines, two sections of impedance converters, an isolation resistor and two single-ended signal output ports;
the balanced differential signal input port A comprises a single-ended signal input port A + and a single-ended signal input port A-;
the five-section branch line comprises a first branch line, a second branch line, a third branch line, a fourth branch line and a fifth branch line, and the first branch line, the second branch line, the third branch line, the fourth branch line and the fifth branch line are sequentially connected end to form a closed loop;
the characteristic impedance values of the first branch line, the second branch line, the third branch line, the fourth branch line and the fifth branch line are equal; the length of the first branch line is one half of the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency; the electrical lengths of the second branch line and the fourth branch line are equal; the electrical lengths of the third branch line and the fifth branch line are equal;
the two sections of impedance transformers comprise a first impedance transformer and a second impedance transformer, wherein one end of the first impedance transformer is connected with the single-ended signal input port A +, and the other end of the first impedance transformer is connected with the connection position of the first branch line and the second branch line; one end of the second impedance transformer is connected with the single-ended signal input port A-, and the other end of the second impedance transformer is connected to the connection position of the first branch line and the second branch line.
One end of the isolation resistor is connected to the connection position of the third branch line and the fourth branch line, and the other end of the isolation resistor is grounded;
the two single-ended signal output ports comprise a first output port and a second output port, wherein the first output port is connected to the joint of the second branch line and the third branch line, and the second output port is connected to the joint of the fourth branch line and the fifth branch line.
The characteristic impedance values of the first branch line, the second branch line, the third branch line, the fourth branch line and the fifth branch line are equal to the port impedance values of the single-ended signal input port A + and the single-ended signal input port A-, and the resistance value of the isolation resistor is equal to the characteristic impedance value of the first branch line.
By adjusting the electrical length theta of the second branch1And the electrical length theta of the third branch line2And adjusting any power dividing ratio of the balance/unbalance power divider.
Further, if the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the power divider is λ, the lengths of the first impedance transformer and the second impedance transformer are λ/4, and the length of the first branch line is λ/2.
Let the port impedance of the single-ended signal input port A + be Z0Characteristic impedance Z of said two-stage impedance transformerTIs equal to
A design method of a balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio comprises the following steps:
Step 2, solving the electrical length theta of the second branch line 41And the electrical length theta of the third branch line 52；
Step 4, converting the characteristic parameters of the impedance converter and the branch line into the physical size of the transmission line corresponding to the balanced/unbalanced power divider with any power dividing ratio;
and 5, modeling and optimizing the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio in electromagnetic numerical simulation software based on the physical size until the design technical index requirement of the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio is met.
Further, solving for the electrical length θ1And theta2The corresponding system of equations is:
in order to effectively solve the problem that a high-impedance line cannot realize the high-power-division-ratio condition in the prior art, the invention provides a balance/unbalance power divider with any power division ratio.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a mixed S parameter graph of a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
in order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio includes: the balanced differential signal input circuit comprises a balanced differential signal input port A, five sections of branch lines, two sections of impedance converters, an isolation resistor and two single-ended signal output ports; the balanced differential signal input port A comprises a single-ended signal input port A +1 and a single-ended signal input port A-2; the five branch lines respectively have characteristic impedance Z1A first branch line 3 of length lambda/2 and a characteristic impedance Z1And an electrical length of theta1Second branch 4 having a characteristic impedance Z1And an electrical length of theta2 Third branch line 5 having a characteristic impedance of Z1And an electrical length of theta1And a characteristic impedance of Z1And an electrical length of theta2The fifth branch line 7; the first branch line 3, the second branch line 4, the third branch line 5, the fourth branch line 6 and the fifth branch line 7 are sequentially connected end to form a closed loop; the two sections of impedance transformers comprise a first impedance transformer 8 and a second impedance transformer 9, wherein one end of the first impedance transformer 8 is connected with the single-ended signal input port A +1, and the other end of the first impedance transformer is connected to the connection position of the first branch line 3 and the second branch line 4; one end of the second impedance transformer 9 is connected with the single-ended signal input port A-2, and the other end is connected to the connection position of the first branch line 3 and the second branch line 4; one end of the isolation resistor 10 is connected to the connection between the third branch line 5 and the fourth branch line 6, and the other end is grounded(ii) a The two single-ended signal output ports include a first output port 11 and a second output port 12, wherein the first output port 11 is connected to a connection of the second branch line 4 and the third branch line 5, and the second output port 12 is connected to a connection of the fourth branch line 6 and the fifth branch line 7.
Further, the characteristic impedance Z of the five-segment branch line1Equal to the input-output port impedance Z0The resistance value of the isolation resistor 10 is also equal to Z0(ii) a Characteristic impedance Z of the two-stage impedance transformerTIs equal to
Further, by adjusting the electrical length θ1And theta2And adjusting any power dividing ratio of the balance/unbalance power divider.
Further, if the central operating frequency of the power divider corresponds to a wavelength λ, the lengths of the first impedance transformer 8 and the second impedance transformer 9 are λ/4, and the length of the first branch line 3 is λ/2.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio, comprising the following steps:
Step 2, solving the electrical length theta of the branch line1And theta2；
Step 4, converting the characteristic parameters of the impedance converter and the branch line into the physical size of the transmission line corresponding to the balanced/unbalanced power divider with any power dividing ratio;
and 5, modeling and optimizing the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio in electromagnetic numerical simulation software based on the physical size until the design technical index requirement of the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio is met.
Further, solving for the electrical length θ1And theta2The corresponding system of equations is:
example (b):
the following describes a design method of a balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio according to the present invention with specific examples:
Specifically, the central working frequency f of the balance/unbalance power divider is determined01.0GHz, power distribution coefficient k of 3.16, input/output port impedance Z0Is 50 ohms;
step 2, solving the electrical length theta of the branch line1And theta2；
Specifically, the following equation set (1) is used to find θ in the range of 0 to 90 degrees1And theta2Respectively 18.18 degrees and 80.67 degrees;
In particular, ZTThe calculation result is 70.71 ohms;
step 4, converting the characteristic parameters of the impedance converter and the branch line into the physical size of the transmission line corresponding to the balanced/unbalanced power divider with any power dividing ratio;
and 5, modeling and optimizing the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio in electromagnetic numerical simulation software based on the physical size until the design technical index requirement of the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio is met.
Specifically, fig. 2 shows a mixed S-parameter curve of a balanced/unbalanced power divider with an arbitrary power ratio according to the present invention. From fig. 2(a), it can be seen that | S corresponding to the first output port 11 at the central operating frequency of 1.0GHzsd2A| is-0.414 dB, and | S corresponding to the second output port 12sd3AAnd l is-10.414 dB, the output signal power ratio between the two output ports is 10dB, and the design requirement that the required power distribution coefficient k is 3.16 is met. As can be seen from fig. 2(b), the two output ports have ideal matching and isolation characteristics at a central operating frequency of 1.0 GHz. And from FIG. 2(c) it can be seen that | S is at the central operating frequency of 1.0GHzccAAI is 0dB, | Scc2A|、 |Scc3AI and I SscAAAll are less than-40 dB, indicating that under common mode excitation, no energy is transferred to the output port and that the common mode rejection characteristics are good. Further, as can be seen from fig. 2(d), at the center operating frequency of 1.0GHz, the output signals between the two output ports have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and have an inverted output characteristic.
In summary, the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio according to the present invention can complete the design of the power divider by the predefined required power dividing ratio. The balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio has the characteristics of conversion function from differential signals to single-ended signals, good common mode rejection characteristic, ideal input and output matching characteristic and compact structure.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio is characterized by comprising: the balanced differential signal input circuit comprises a balanced differential signal input port A, five sections of branch lines, two sections of impedance converters, an isolation resistor and two single-ended signal output ports;
the balanced differential signal input port A comprises a single-ended signal input port A + (1) and a single-ended signal input port A- (2);
the five-section branch line comprises a first branch line (3), a second branch line (4), a third branch line (5), a fourth branch line (6) and a fifth branch line (7), wherein the first branch line (3), the second branch line (4), the third branch line (5), the fourth branch line (6) and the fifth branch line (7) are sequentially connected end to form a closed loop;
the characteristic impedance values of the first branch line (3), the second branch line (4), the third branch line (5), the fourth branch line (6) and the fifth branch line (7) are equal; the length of the first branch line (3) is one half of the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency; the electrical lengths of the second branch (4) and the fourth branch (6) are equal; the electrical lengths of the third branch line (5) and the fifth branch line (7) are equal;
the two sections of impedance transformers comprise a first impedance transformer (8) and a second impedance transformer (9), wherein one end of the first impedance transformer (8) is connected with the single-ended signal input port A + (1), and the other end of the first impedance transformer is connected to the connection position of the first branch line (3) and the second branch line (4); one end of the second impedance transformer (9) is connected with the single-ended signal input port A- (2), and the other end of the second impedance transformer is connected to the connection position of the first branch line (3) and the second branch line (4);
one end of the isolation resistor (10) is connected to the connection position of the third branch line (5) and the fourth branch line (6), and the other end of the isolation resistor is grounded;
the two single-ended signal output ports comprise a first output port (11) and a second output port (12), wherein the first output port (11) is connected to the connection of the second branch line (4) and the third branch line (5), and the second output port (12) is connected to the connection of the fourth branch line (6) and the fifth branch line (7);
the characteristic impedance values of the first branch line (3), the second branch line (4), the third branch line (5), the fourth branch line (6) and the fifth branch line (7) are equal to the port impedance values of the single-ended signal input port A + (1) and the single-ended signal input port A- (2), and the resistance value of the isolation resistor (10) is equal to the characteristic impedance value of the first branch line (3);
by adjusting the electrical length theta of the second branch line (4)1And the electrical length theta of the third branch line (5)2Adjusting any power dividing ratio of the balance/unbalance power divider;
solving for the electrical length θ1And theta2The corresponding system of equations is:
2. the balance/unbalance power divider with arbitrary power ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and if the central working frequency of the power divider corresponds to the wavelength lambda, the electrical length of the first impedance transformer (8) and the second impedance transformer (9) is lambda/4, and the electrical length of the first branch line (3) is lambda/2.
3. The balance/unbalance power divider with arbitrary power ratio as claimed in claim 2, wherein: let the port impedance of the single-ended signal input port A + (1) be Z0Characteristic impedance Z of said two-stage impedance transformerTIs equal to
。
4. A method for designing a balance/unbalance power divider with any power ratio as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the central working frequency f of the required balance/unbalance power divider0The power distribution coefficient k and the input/output port impedance Z0；
Step 2, solving the electrical length theta of the second branch line (4)1And the electrical length theta of the third branch line (5)2；
Step 3, calculating the characteristic impedance Z of the impedance converterT；
Step 4, converting the characteristic parameters of the two sections of impedance converters and the five sections of branch lines into the physical size of the transmission line corresponding to the balanced/unbalanced power divider with any power dividing ratio;
and 5, modeling and optimizing the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio in electromagnetic numerical simulation software based on the physical size until the design technical index requirement of the balance/unbalance power divider with any power dividing ratio is met.
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| CN111540996A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 北京邮电大学 | Flexible power division ratio dual-band branch line millimeter wave coupler based on ridge gap waveguide |
| CN111786062B (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2021-06-01 | 大连海事大学 | Balanced/unbalanced power divider/combiner with unbalanced-end non-reflection filtering characteristic |
| CN113224491B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-01-14 | 大连海事大学 | Miniaturized broadband four-way filtering power divider based on non-equal-width three-wire coupling structure |
| CN113364533B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-05-31 | 大连海事大学 | Differential signal power measuring circuit with any power dividing ratio |
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| CN103390786A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | Three-port micro-strip power divider with arbitrary power division ratio and phase position output characteristics |
| CN105576333A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-11 | 南通大学 | Balanced/single-end same-phase power divider |
| TW201818598A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-16 | 國立勤益科技大學 | Equal power branch line coupler of arbitrary length with which the electrical length of the circuit can be designed arbitrarily without affecting the original function of the circuit |
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