CN110931875B - Butadinitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Butadinitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a butadienyl electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, which relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries and has the following specific scheme: the utility model provides a coupling organic lithium salt and fluorinated ethylene carbonate's butadiene dinitrile base electrolyte, includes succinonitrile, organic lithium salt and fluorinated ethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of succinonitrile and organic lithium salt is 1-1, and the organic lithium salt is the combination of sulfonyl imino lithium salt and difluoro oxalic acid lithium borate, and wherein the molar ratio of sulfonyl imino lithium salt and difluoro oxalic acid lithium borate is 1-1, and fluorinated ethylene carbonate accounts for 5% -50% of the total volume of butadiene dinitrile base electrolyte. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the succinonitrile-based electrolyte and application of the succinonitrile-based electrolyte to a lithium metal battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a nitrile-butadiene electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the increasing concern of people on the sustainable development of environment and energy, it is urgent to develop the next generation energy storage power supply technology with high energy density, high power density and environmental friendliness. Rechargeable lithium metal batteries have again attracted considerable attention as an ideal choice. Compared with the lithium ion battery adopting the graphite cathode, the energy density of the battery is greatly improved by adopting the lithium metal cathode. The high-performance electrolyte material is the key point of the practical application of the lithium metal battery, and the commercial lithium ion battery electrolyte consists of an organic carbonate solvent and lithium hexafluorophosphate, so that the growth of dendritic crystals on the surface of a lithium metal negative electrode cannot be effectively inhibited. In addition, lithium hexafluorophosphate reacts with trace water in the solvent to generate hydrofluoric acid (HF), which causes the dissolution of metal ions in the positive electrode material and destroys the stability of the surface structure of the positive electrode material. In addition, the saturated vapor pressure of the carbonate solvent is low, the thermal stability of the electrolyte is poor, and the application process has the safety risk of ignition and explosion.
Succinonitrile SN is an ideal oxidation-resistant, high thermal stability organic solvent, often used as an additive or plasticizer in liquid electrolytes or polymer solid electrolytes. In addition, due to the high dielectric constant, the succinonitrile can also be used as an electrolyte solvent independently, the room-temperature ionic conductivity of an electrolyte system consisting of the succinonitrile and the lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide LiTFSI reaches 3mS/cm, and the oxidation potential exceeds 5V. However, a drastic chemical reaction between succinonitrile and lithium metal causes polymerization of succinonitrile solvent molecules and dissolution of lithium metal. Therefore, the development of an electrolyte system with high interface stability to lithium metal is very important for the application of the nitrile-based electrolyte to the lithium metal battery. In recent years, various methods have been tried to improve the interfacial stability of nitrile-based electrolytes to metallic lithium, such as using high concentration LiTFSI, increasing the solvation degree of nitrile-based solvents with lithium ions, suppressing the side reaction of nitrile-based solvents with metallic lithium, or adding a film-forming additive such as fluoroethylene carbonate FEC to nitrile-based electrolytes. However, the high-concentration lithium salt can reduce the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and affect the rate performance of the battery, and the use of the LiTFSI as the lithium salt alone can corrode the positive aluminum foil current collector; although FEC can form an inorganic protective layer of LiF on the surface of lithium metal, the protective layer can be subject to stress cracking during cycling of the battery, thereby losing its protective effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to solve the problem that the butadienyl electrolyte is incompatible with lithium metal, and the invention provides a butadienyl electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a butadiene-nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide an application of a butadiene-based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate in a lithium metal battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte of coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, includes succinonitrile, organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of succinonitrile and organic lithium salt is 1-1, and the organic lithium salt is the combination of sulfonylimido lithium salt and difluoro oxalic acid lithium borate LiODFB, and wherein the molar ratio of sulfonylimido lithium salt and difluoro oxalic acid lithium borate is 1-1, and fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 5% -50% of butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte total volume percentage.
Preferably, the molar ratio of succinonitrile to organic lithium salt is 20.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium sulfonylimido salt to the lithium difluorooxalato borate is 50.
Preferably, the lithium salt of sulfonimide group is at least one of bis (trifluoromethyl) lithium sulfonimide LiTFSI and bis (fluoro) lithium sulfonimide LiFSI.
The preparation method of the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 60-80 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
The application of the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate in the lithium metal battery is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is characterized in that succinonitrile is used as a solvent, the combination of lithium sulfonimido and lithium difluoroborate is used as a lithium salt, and vinyl fluorocarbonate is used as a cosolvent and a plasticizer, and when an electrolyte solution is in contact with lithium metal, an organic-inorganic composite SEI film rich in B-F, C-F and LiF can be spontaneously formed on the surface of the lithium metal. Compared with the method that FEC is solely used as a film forming additive or high-concentration lithium salt is solely adopted in the succinonitrile-based electrolyte, the organic-inorganic composite SEI film formed on the surface of lithium by coupling organic lithium salt with FEC can keep the physical structure integrity in the process of repeated deposition/stripping of lithium ions, has more excellent durability and protection effect, can fully inhibit the side reaction between lithium metal and succinonitrile solvent, and ensures the cycle stability of the lithium metal battery. The lithium sulfimidyl salt has good dissociation capability in a succinonitrile solvent, and can ensure enough free lithium ions; the lithium difluoro oxalate borate can effectively form a stable passivation layer on the surface of the positive aluminum foil current collector, and inhibit the corrosion of LiTFSI/LiFSI on the aluminum foil. The addition of FEC can effectively reduce the melting temperature T of succinonitrile m And glass transition temperature T g Increasing the interface wettability of the nitrile-butadiene electrolyte; the FEC can also be used as a cosolvent to increase the dissociation degree of the lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate and improve the room-temperature ionic conductivity of the nitrile-based electrolyte, so that the multiplying power characteristic of the lithium metal battery with the nitrile-based electrolyte is remarkably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: electrochemical window plot of 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC electrolyte;
FIG. 2: infrared spectrograms before and after the reaction of 20SN-1LiTFSI and metallic lithium;
FIG. 3: infrared spectrograms before and after 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC and lithium metal reaction;
FIG. 4: XPS F1s plot of surface after FEC reaction of lithium metal with 20SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05LiODFB + 9.1vol%;
FIG. 5: lithium metal battery room temperature rate performance graph adopting 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC, 20SN-1LiTFSI electrolyte;
FIG. 6: lithium metal battery room temperature 0.5C cycle performance graph adopting 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC, 20SN-1LiTFSI electrolyte;
FIG. 7: lithium metal battery room temperature 0.5C cycle coulombic efficiency map using 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC, 20SN-1LiTFSI electrolyte.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying figures 1-7.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the succinonitrile-based electrolyte for coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate comprises succinonitrile, an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of the succinonitrile to the organic lithium salt is (100-1).
Preferably, the molar ratio of succinonitrile to organic lithium salt is 20.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium sulfonylimido salt to the lithium difluorooxalato borate is 50-1.
Preferably, the lithium sulfonimidyl salt is at least one of bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonimidyl lithium LiTFSI and bis (fluorosulfonimidyl) lithium LiFSI.
Detailed description of the invention
The preparation method of the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate in the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 60-80 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
Detailed description of the invention
A lithium metal battery comprising a butadienyl electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate as described in the first embodiment.
Example 1
The utility model provides a butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte of coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, includes butadiene nitrile SN, organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of butadiene nitrile and organic lithium salt is 20, and the organic lithium salt is the combination of two trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide lithium LiTFSI and two fluoro oxalic acid lithium borate LiODFB, and wherein the molar ratio of two trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide lithium and two fluoro oxalic acid lithium borate is 3, and fluoroethylene carbonate FEC accounts for 9.1% of butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte total volume percentage.
The preparation method of the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps: the following steps were carried out in an argon filled glove box:
step one, weighing medicines according to a molar ratio SN: liTFSI: liODFB = 20.6;
and step two, adding FEC accounting for 9.1 percent of the total volume of the butanedinitrile based electrolyte into the mixture A (20 SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4 LiODFB) according to the volume percent, continuously stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, fully mixing the solution to obtain the butanedinitrile based electrolyte 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC coupling the organic lithium salt and the FEC, and cooling for later use.
A lithium metal battery includes the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Example 2
The utility model provides a butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte of coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, includes butadiene nitrile SN, organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of butadiene nitrile and organic lithium salt is 20, and the organic lithium salt is the combination of two trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide lithium LiTFSI and two fluoro oxalic acid lithium borate LiODFB, and wherein the molar ratio of two trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide lithium and two fluoro oxalic acid lithium borate is 19, and fluoroethylene carbonate FEC accounts for 9.1% of butadiene dinitrile based electrolyte total volume percentage.
A preparation method of a nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps: the following steps were carried out in an argon filled glove box:
step one, weighing medicines according to a molar ratio SN: liTFSI: liODFB =20 of 0.05, stirring for 30min at 60 ℃ until lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A (20 SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05 LiODFB);
and step two, adding FEC accounting for 9.1 percent of the total volume of the butadienyl electrolyte into the mixture A (20 SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05 LiODFB) according to the volume percent, continuously stirring at 60 ℃ for 30min, fully mixing the solution to obtain the butadienyl electrolyte 20SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05LiODFB +9.1vol FEC coupled with the organic lithium salt and the FEC, and cooling for later use.
A lithium metal battery includes the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Example 3
The utility model provides a butadiene nitrile group electrolyte of coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, includes succinonitrile, organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of succinonitrile and organic lithium salt is 80, and the organic lithium salt is the combination of lithium bis fluoro sulfonyl imide (LiFSI) and lithium difluoro oxalato borate, and wherein the molar ratio of lithium bis fluoro sulfonyl imide and lithium difluoro oxalato borate is 49, and fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 20% of butadiene nitrile group electrolyte total volume percentage.
A preparation method of a nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps: the following steps were carried out in an argon filled glove box:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 60 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at 60 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
A lithium metal battery includes the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Example 4
A butanedinitrile-based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises succinonitrile, an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of the succinonitrile to the organic lithium salt is 2: the organic lithium salt is a combination of bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide lithium LiTFSI and lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate, wherein the molar ratio of the bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide lithium to the lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate is 1.
A preparation method of a nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps: the following steps were carried out in an argon filled glove box:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 80 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at 80 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
A lithium metal battery includes the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Example 5
A succinonitrile-based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises succinonitrile, the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of the succinonitrile to the organic lithium salt is 10: the organic lithium salt is a combination of lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide LiTFSI and lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate, wherein the molar ratio of the lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide to the lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate is 20.
A preparation method of a nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate comprises the following steps: the following steps were carried out in an argon filled glove box:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 70 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at 70 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
A lithium metal battery includes the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Comparative example 1
Weighing the medicines according to a molar ratio SN to LiTFSI = 20;
electrochemical window linear scan test of 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC from example 1 was performed at room temperature using Pt as the working electrode and metallic lithium as the counter and reference electrodes at a scan rate of 0.5mV s -1 The scanning voltage interval is from the open circuit voltage to 6V, and the test results are shown in FIG. 1, from which it can be seen that the oxidation start potential of the FEC electrolyte is 5.26V for 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB + 9.1vol%.
1mL of the electrolyte 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC in example 1 and the electrolyte 20SN-1LiTFSI in comparative example 1 were weighed into a bottle and a bottle b respectively, and the bottles a and b were charged with the electrolyte 20SN-1LiTFSI with a thickness of 200 μm and a thickness of 0.2cm 2 The lithium metal sheet of (1) was reacted at 60 ℃ for 80 hours, after the reaction was completed, the electrolyte in the bottles of (a) and (b) was taken out for infrared spectroscopic test, and the test results are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, from which it can be seen that 20SN-1LiTFSI in comparative example 1 was polymerized after the reaction with lithium metal, and a C = N bond was formed, whereas 20SN-0.6 LiTFSI-0.4litfbb +9.1vol fec did not undergo any structural change after the reaction with lithium metal, and showed good stability to lithium metal.
1mL of 20SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC of example 2 was measured and added with 0.2cm, 200 μm thick FEC 2 The lithium metal sheet is reacted for 80 hours at 60 ℃, after the reaction is finished, the surface XPS test is carried out on the lithium metal, the test result is shown in figure 4, and the graph shows that the lithium metal and 20SN-0.95LiTFSI-0.05LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC electrolyte reacts to form an organic-inorganic composite SEI film rich in B-F, C-F bonds and LiF on the surface.
Lithium cobaltate/metallic lithium button cell was prepared using 20SN-0.6LiTFSI-0.4LiODFB +9.1vol% FEC in example 1 and 20SN-1LiTFSI in comparative example 1 as electrolytic solutions, glass fiber membrane as battery separator, lithium cobaltate positive active material loading of 2mg cm -2 Area of 1.54cm 2 . Electrochemical performance tests of the battery were performed at room temperature, and the test results are shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, from which it can be seen that the lithium metal battery using the 20SN-1LiTFSI electrolyte exhibited very poor rate performance, cycle stability and coulombic efficiency, while the lithium metal battery using the 20SN-0.6 LiTFSI-0.4litfbb +9.1vol% fec electrolyte exhibited excellent rate performance, cycle stability and coulombic efficiency close to 100%, and the capacity retention rate reached 98% after 100 cycles of 0.5C.
Claims (6)
1. A nitrile-based electrolyte coupling organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate for a lithium metal battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte comprises succinonitrile, organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate, wherein the molar ratio of the succinonitrile to the organic lithium salt is 1-1, the organic lithium salt is a combination of sulfonimide group lithium salt and lithium difluorooxalato borate, the molar ratio of the sulfonimide group lithium salt to the lithium difluorooxalato borate is 1-1, and the fluoroethylene carbonate accounts for 5-50% of the total volume of the succinonitrile-based electrolyte.
2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery further comprises an organic lithium salt coupled to the fluoroethylene carbonate, and the battery further comprises: the molar ratio of the succinonitrile to the organic lithium salt is 20.
3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a nitrile based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate for a lithium metal battery, and the electrolyte is characterized in that: the molar ratio of the lithium sulfonylimido salt to the lithium difluorooxalato borate is 50-1.
4. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a nitrile based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate for a lithium metal battery, and the electrolyte is characterized in that: the lithium sulfonylimido salt is at least one of bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide lithium LiTFSI and bis (fluoro) sulfonylimide lithium LiFSI.
5. A method for preparing a nitrile-based electrolyte coupling an organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate for a lithium metal battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing succinonitrile according to a molar ratio, mixing the succinonitrile with an organic lithium salt, and stirring at 60-80 ℃ until the lithium salt is fully dissolved to obtain a mixture A;
and step two, adding fluoroethylene carbonate into the mixture A according to the volume percentage, and stirring and mixing uniformly at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain the nitrile-based electrolyte coupling the organic lithium salt and the fluoroethylene carbonate.
6. Use of the organic lithium salt and fluoroethylene carbonate coupling nitrile based electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a lithium metal battery.
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| CN110931875A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
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