CN110931870B - Lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance Download PDF

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CN110931870B
CN110931870B CN201911216595.3A CN201911216595A CN110931870B CN 110931870 B CN110931870 B CN 110931870B CN 201911216595 A CN201911216595 A CN 201911216595A CN 110931870 B CN110931870 B CN 110931870B
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lithium ion
electrolyte
ion battery
lithium
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孙艳光
刘蕊
周邵云
赵经纬
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Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performances. Through adding the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound into the electrolyte, the reduction reaction is performed on the negative electrode material in preference to the solvent to form an SEI film with excellent performance, so that the co-intercalation of solvent molecules is prevented, the interface stability of the negative electrode is improved, and the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery is improved; complexing with HF in the electrolyte at high temperature, avoiding the corrosion of HF in the electrolyte to the anode material under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, and improving the high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery.

Description

Lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performances.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have achieved great commercial success because of their many advantages, such as high energy density, long cycle life, high operating voltage, low self-discharge effect, no memory effect, etc., that have been widely used in the fields of consumer electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Particularly in the field of electric automobiles, with the great popularization of new energy automobiles in the fields of household vehicles, public vehicles, buses, taxis, logistics vehicles and the like, the annual energy automobile sales volume ratio is continuously and greatly improved.
With the development of lithium ion batteries in the field of power battery application, people have higher and higher requirements on the lithium ion batteries, and the requirements are combined with high and low temperature performances. However, in practical application, it is difficult to achieve both high and low temperature performance.
Under the condition of high temperature, the conventional electrolyte can catalyze the decomposition of the electrolyte to generate HF due to the increased oxidation of the positive electrode active material, and the HF reacts with the positive electrode material to generate a byproduct which is accumulated on the surface of the positive electrode, so that the performance of the battery is deteriorated. Under the condition of low temperature, the viscosity of the electrolyte is increased, the conductivity is reduced, the interface impedance of an electrode is increased, the lithium precipitation of a negative electrode is often caused in the charging process, the side reaction is increased, and the performance of the lithium ion battery is influenced. Although the low-temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved by adding the low-melting-point and low-viscosity solvent content and the low-temperature additive in the electrolyte, the normal-temperature and high-temperature performances are poor and cannot be considered at the same time.
The invention discloses an invention patent application CN201711013629.X in 2017, which is proposed by China fir battery material Co., Ltd, in Dongguan city of the applicant, and discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, wherein A, B, C three additives are added into the electrolyte, and the additive A can improve the cycle performance of a high-nickel material battery, inhibit the increase of internal resistance of the battery in high-temperature storage and circulation processes, improve the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery in the charge-discharge process and reduce self-discharge; the additive B can form a thin and compact SEI film on the cathode interface, so that the high-nickel material has lower interface impedance when matched with a high-capacity high-compaction cathode material, and lithium ions can be favorably diffused; the additive C can inhibit the explosion-proof valve of the high-nickel battery from being flicked due to excessive gas generation in the high-temperature long-term storage process, and has positive influence on the cycle life of the battery; therefore, the electrolyte ensures that the battery has a better cycle life, reduces the internal resistance of the battery in the use process, and avoids the potential safety hazard caused by the explosion-proof valve bouncing off when the battery is used at high temperature, wherein the additive A is bis (pentafluorophenyl) carbonate. It can be found by the performance test of this case that bis (pentafluorophenyl) carbonate must be compounded with additives B and C to achieve satisfactory results.
In view of this, it is necessary to provide an electrolyte additive for a lithium ion battery that has high-temperature cycle performance, high-temperature storage performance, low-temperature cycle performance, and low-temperature storage performance at the same time, so as to improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery under high-temperature and low-temperature conditions, solve the problem that the lithium ion battery in the prior art cannot have high and low temperature performance at the same time, and expand the application range of the lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance, wherein a bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphine based compound is added into the electrolyte to generate a reduction reaction on a negative electrode material in preference to a solvent to form an SEI film with excellent performance, so that the co-intercalation of solvent molecules is prevented, the interface stability of a negative electrode is improved, and the low temperature performance of the lithium ion battery is improved; complexing with HF in the electrolyte at high temperature, avoiding corrosion of HF in the electrolyte to the anode material under high temperature and high pressure, and improving the high temperature performance of the lithium ion battery.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the electrolyte consists of an organic solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive is at least one of bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compounds with the following structures I-1-I-4, and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are respectively and independently selected from at least one of halogen, sulfur, oxygen, a nitrile group, a thiocyanate group, an isocyanate group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted means at least one of halogen, a nitrile group, a thiocyanate group and an isocyanate group:
Figure BDA0002299699080000021
preferably, the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphine based compound is at least one of the compounds represented by the following general formulas:
Figure BDA0002299699080000022
Figure BDA0002299699080000031
Figure BDA0002299699080000041
preferably, the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound is 0.1-10% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
More preferably, the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound is 0.5% to 2% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
More preferably, the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound is 1% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
Preferably, the organic solvent is two or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propyl carbonate, halogenated ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone and gamma-valerolactone.
Preferably, the weight of the organic solvent is 79-89% of the total weight of the electrolyte. Preferably, the lithium salt is at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (fluorosulfonato) imide.
Preferably, the weight of the lithium salt is 10-20% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a lithium ion battery with high and low temperature performance, the lithium ion battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the lithium ion battery electrolyte with high and low temperature performance, and the positive electrode material is LiNixCoyMnzL(1-x-y-z)O2Wherein L is one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; the negative electrode material is at least one of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-oxygen compound and silicon-carbon compound; the charge cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery is not less than 4.3V.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adding the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound into the electrolyte, in the first charging and discharging process, the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound has higher potential and is preferential to a solvent to perform a reduction reaction on a negative electrode material to form a fluoropolymer SEI film, the SEI film is compact and uniform and has lower impedance, so that co-intercalation of solvent molecules can be prevented, continuous reductive decomposition of the electrolyte is inhibited, consumption of the electrolyte is reduced, structural degradation of the surface of the negative electrode is avoided, the cycle stability of the negative electrode is better improved, and the low-temperature cycle performance and the low-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.
2. Under the high-temperature condition, the oxidability of the anode active material is increased, the electrolyte is catalyzed to decompose to generate HF, the phosphorus element in the additive can complex with free HF in the electrolyte, the HF is prevented from corroding the anode material, and the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a CV curve of an electrolyte a in a test example;
FIG. 2 is a CV curve of the electrolyte b in the test example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The lithium ion battery electrolyte with high and low temperature performance is composed of an organic solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the organic solvent is composed of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the weight of the organic solvent is 87.5 g; the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the weight of the lithium hexafluorophosphate is 12.5 g; the additive is of the chemical formula
Figure BDA0002299699080000051
The A1 is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the electrolyte.
The application comprises the following steps: the lithium ion battery prepared by adopting the electrolyte comprises the following specific steps:
the lithium ion battery with both high and low temperature performance consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the lithium ion battery electrolyte with both high and low temperature performance, wherein the positive electrode is made of LiCoO2(ii) a Negative poleThe electrode material is graphite; the diaphragm is a PE-coated ceramic diaphragm.
Example 2
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000061
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 3
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000062
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 1% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 4
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000063
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 2% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 5
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000071
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of A1 was changed to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution of bis (pentafluorophenyl) phosphino based compound A1.
Example 6
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000072
Double five of (2)The fluorophenyl phosphino-type compound A1 was synthesized in the same manner as in example 1, except that A1 was 6% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 7
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000073
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 10% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 8
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000074
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A2 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A2 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 9
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000081
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A2 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A2 was 1% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 10
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000082
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A2 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A2 was 2% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 11
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000083
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A3 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A3 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 12
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000084
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of A3 was changed to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution of bis (pentafluorophenyl) phosphino based compound A3.
Example 13
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000091
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A3 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A3 was 2% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 14
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000092
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A4 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A4 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 15
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000093
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A4 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A4 was 1% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 16
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000094
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A4 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A4 was 2% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 17
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance, wherein the solvent ratio is EC to EMC 3 to 7, and the additive is of the chemical formula
Figure BDA0002299699080000101
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 18
The lithium ion battery electrolyte and the battery with high and low temperature performance have the advantages that the mass of a solvent EC, DEC and lithium hexafluorophosphate is 86g, the mass of the solvent DEC is 1:1:1, the mass of the solvent lithium hexafluorophosphate is 14g, and the chemical formula of an additive is shown in the specification
Figure BDA0002299699080000102
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of A1 in bis (pentafluorophenyl) phosphino-based compound A1 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Example 19
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance are provided, wherein the lithium salt is bifluoro-sulfimide lithium 12.5g, and the additive is of the chemical formula
Figure BDA0002299699080000103
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the amount of the A1 in the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino based compound A1 was 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
Comparative example 1
The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery and the battery do not contain the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphine based compound additive, and the rest is the same as the electrolyte of example 1.
Comparative example 2
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000104
The compound B1 according to (1), wherein B1 represents 1% by weight of the total electrolyte solution, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000111
The compound B2 according to (1), wherein B2 represents 1% by weight of the total electrolyte solution, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
A lithium ion battery electrolyte and a battery, wherein the additive has a chemical formula of
Figure BDA0002299699080000112
The compound B3 according to (1), wherein B3 represents 1% by weight of the total electrolyte solution, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
High temperature performance test of lithium ion battery
The lithium ion batteries in examples 1 to 16 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance tests, the test method was as follows;
high temperature cycle performance: at 55 ℃, the lithium ion battery is charged to a voltage of 4.3V by a constant current of 1C, charged to a current of 0.05C by a constant voltage of 4.3V, and then discharged to a voltage of 2.75V by a constant current of 1C, and subjected to a 500-cycle charge-discharge test to detect the discharge capacity of the 500 th cycle.
Capacity retention rate (500 th discharge capacity/first discharge capacity) × 100%
High temperature storage performance: charging the lithium ion battery at a constant current of 1C to a voltage of 4.3V and at a constant voltage of 4.3V to a current of 0.05C at normal temperature, and recording the thickness of the lithium ion battery as H0; then placing the mixture into a 60 ℃ oven for storage for 30 days, taking out the mixture, and testing the thickness, wherein the thickness is recorded as H1; taking out the lithium ion battery, cooling to room temperature, discharging to 2.75V at 1C, and recording the discharge capacity; and then charging the discharged lithium ion battery to a voltage of 4.3V at a constant current of 1C, charging to a current of 0.05C at a constant voltage of 4.3V, discharging to a voltage of 2.75V at 1C, and recording the recovery capacity.
High-temperature storage capacity retention rate (discharge capacity after storage/discharge capacity before storage) × 100%
High-temperature storage capacity recovery rate (recovery capacity after storage/discharge capacity before storage) × 100%
Thickness expansion ratio (H1-H0)/H0X 100%
Low-temperature performance test of lithium ion battery
The lithium ion batteries in examples 1 to 16 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to low-temperature cycle performance and low-temperature storage performance tests, the test method was as follows;
and (3) testing the low-temperature cycle performance: charging the lithium ion battery at a constant current of 0.2C to a voltage of 4.3V and at a constant voltage of 4.3V to a current of 0.05C at a temperature of-20 ℃, standing for 5min, discharging at 0.2C to 2.75V, carrying out 100-cycle charge-discharge test, and detecting the discharge capacity of the 100 th cycle.
The retention ratio of the cycle capacity at 20 ℃ was (100 th discharge capacity/1 st discharge capacity). times.100%
And (3) testing low-temperature storage performance: at normal temperature, charging the lithium ion battery with a constant current of 1C to a voltage of 4.3V and a constant voltage of 4.3V to a current of 0.05C, then placing the battery in a low-temperature cabinet at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for a shelf time of more than 4h, and discharging to 2.75V at the temperature of 0.5C after the temperature of the battery is reduced to minus 20 ℃.
Retention ratio of discharge capacity at-20 ═ 100% (discharge capacity at room temperature/-0.5C discharge capacity at-20 ℃) ×
The test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 test results of high-temperature and low-temperature performance of lithium ion battery
Figure BDA0002299699080000121
Figure BDA0002299699080000131
Compared with the comparative example 1, the addition of the additive A1 into the electrolyte obviously improves the high and low temperature performance of the battery; with the increase of the addition amount, the battery performance is firstly increased and then reduced, the optimal addition amount of the additive A1 is 1%, and the addition amounts of the additives A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 0.5% -2% in overall, so that the performance is better.
As can be seen from examples 2 to 4, 8 to 10, 11 to 13 and 14 to 16, the compounds A1, A2, A3 and A4 have similar performances and have better high and low temperature performances.
As can be seen from examples 3, 9, 12 and 15 and comparative examples 2, 3 and 4, the additives bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino-based compounds A1, A2, A3 and A4 are better than the commonly used additives B1(1, 3-propylene sultone), B2 (fluoroethylene carbonate) and B3 (bis-pentafluorophenyl carbonate) in terms of high and low temperature performance.
By comparing example 1, example 17, example 18 and example 19, the effect of the solvent and lithium salt is fine-tuned within the scope of the claims, and the effect on the electrical properties is also within the expected range.
Test example
Preparing an electrolyte a of a lithium ion battery, wherein an organic solvent of the electrolyte consists of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (EMC) in a mass ratio of 3:7, the additive is a bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound A1, the A1 accounts for 2% of the total weight of the electrolyte, and the rest is the same as that of example 1.
Preparing a lithium ion battery electrolyte b, wherein the electrolyte b does not contain an additive of a pentafluorophenyl phosphine compound, and the rest is the same as the electrolyte a.
And respectively carrying out cyclic voltammetry tests on the electrolyte a and the electrolyte b, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the Li/graphite 2016 button cell is tested in a normal temperature environment, the voltage range of 0.01-3.0V and the scanning rate of 0.1 mV/s; the resulting CV curves are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. FIG. 1 shows a significant reduction peak at a voltage of about 1.2V, and FIG. 2 shows a significant reduction peak at a voltage of about 0.65V, which proves that the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino type additive in the electrolyte a forms a film in preference to the solvent.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The lithium ion battery electrolyte with high and low temperature performance is characterized by comprising an organic solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive is at least one of the following structural compounds:
Figure FDA0003585287730000011
Figure FDA0003585287730000021
2. the lithium ion battery electrolyte with both high and low temperature performance according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound is 0.1-10% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
3. The lithium ion battery electrolyte solution with both high and low temperature performance according to claim 2, wherein the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphine based compound is 0.5-2% of the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
4. The lithium ion battery electrolyte with both high and low temperature performance as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight of the bis-pentafluorophenyl phosphino compound is 1% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
5. The electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries compatible with high and low temperature performances according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is at least two selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propyl carbonate, halogenated ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone and gamma-valerolactone.
6. The lithium ion battery electrolyte with high and low temperature performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the organic solvent is 79-89% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
7. The lithium ion battery electrolyte compatible with high and low temperature performance according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (fluorosulfonato) imide.
8. The lithium ion battery electrolyte compatible with high and low temperature performance of claim 1, wherein the weight of the lithium salt is 10-20% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
9. The lithium ion battery with both high and low temperature performance is characterized by comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the lithium ion battery electrolyte with both high and low temperature performance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the positive electrode is made of LiNixCoyMnzL(1-x-y-z)O2Wherein L is one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; the negative electrode material is at least one of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-oxygen compound and silicon-carbon compound; the charge cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery is not less than 4.3V.
CN201911216595.3A 2019-12-03 2019-12-03 Lithium ion battery electrolyte and battery with high and low temperature performance Active CN110931870B (en)

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