CN110928054A - 反射型液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

反射型液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN110928054A
CN110928054A CN201910883544.XA CN201910883544A CN110928054A CN 110928054 A CN110928054 A CN 110928054A CN 201910883544 A CN201910883544 A CN 201910883544A CN 110928054 A CN110928054 A CN 110928054A
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degrees
liquid crystal
layer
equal
theta
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CN110928054B (zh
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佐藤孝
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Sharp Corp
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Abstract

一种反射型液晶显示装置，具有：第1基板；第2基板；液晶层，其在黑显示时采取大致垂直取向；偏振层，其设置在第2基板的观察者侧；及第1相位差层、第2相位差层和第3相位差层，其从离偏振层近的一侧按顺序配置，在将偏振层的吸收轴或透射轴与第1相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ1，将偏振层的吸收轴或透射轴与第2相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ2，将偏振层的吸收轴或透射轴与第3相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ3时，满足40°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤50°、130°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤140°、220°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤230°、或者310°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤320°。

Description

反射型液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及反射型液晶显示装置。
背景技术
反射型液晶显示装置适于在明亮的环境下使用。随着在室外使用的便携电话、智能手机、平板终端等移动设备或数字标牌当中的广泛使用，要求显示质量的提高。
例如，在本申请的申请人的专利文献1中公开了一种反射型液晶显示装置，其通过使用在未被施加电压时采取大致垂直取向并在被施加电压时采取扭曲取向的液晶层，提高了光的使用效率。该反射型液晶显示装置以常黑模式进行显示。根据专利文献1，能得到对比率(Contrast Ratio)为20：1以上的反射型液晶显示装置。为了参考，将专利文献1的所有公开内容援引至本说明书中。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：特开平11-142836号(特许3344554号)
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明人在研究了专利文献1所述的反射型液晶显示装置后发现，倾斜视角(60°视角)时的对比率有时小于1。
本发明是为了解决该问题而完成的，目的在于提供能实现60°视角时的对比率为1.0以上的显示的反射型液晶显示装置。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明的实施方式，提供了以下项目所述的解决方法。
[项目1]
一种反射型液晶显示装置，
具有：
第1基板，其具有使光反射的第1电极；
第2基板，其具有使光透射过的第2电极；
液晶层，其设置在上述第1电极与上述第2电极之间，在黑显示时采取大致垂直取向；
偏振层，其设置在上述第2基板的观察者侧；以及
第1相位差层、第2相位差层以及第3相位差层，其从离上述偏振层近的一侧起按顺序配置，
在将上述偏振层的吸收轴或透射轴与上述第1相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ1，将上述偏振层的上述吸收轴或上述透射轴与上述第2相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ2，将上述偏振层的上述吸收轴或上述透射轴与上述第3相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ3时，满足40°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤50°、130°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤140°、220°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤230°、或者310°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤320°。
[项目2]
根据项目1所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
60°视角的对比率为1.0以上。
[项目3]
根据项目1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
是与70°≤θ1≤80°、0°≤θ2≤10°、80°≤θ3≤90°等效的、160°≤θ1≤170°、90°≤θ2≤100°、170°≤θ3≤180°；250°≤θ1≤260°、180°≤θ2≤190°、260°≤θ3≤270°；或者，340°≤θ1≤350°、270°≤θ2≤280°、350°≤θ3≤360°。
[项目4]
根据项目1至3中的任意一项所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|为45°、135°、225°或者315°。
[项目5]
根据项目1至4中的任意一项所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
上述第1相位差层所具有的面内延迟为265nm以上285nm以下，上述第2相位差层所具有的面内延迟为265nm以上285nm以下，上述第3相位差层所具有的面内延迟为130nm以上145nm以下。
[项目6]
根据项目1至5中的任意一项所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
上述液晶层包含介电各向异性为负的向列型液晶材料以及手性剂，在未被施加电压时采取大致垂直取向，在被施加白电压时采取扭曲取向或混合取向。
[项目7]
根据项目1至6中的任意一项所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
在将构成上述液晶层的液晶材料的双折射率设为Δn，将上述液晶层的厚度设为d时，Δn与d之积Δnd为160nm以上400nm以下。
发明效果
根据本发明的实施方式，能提供能实现60°视角下的对比率为1.0以上的显示的反射型液晶显示装置。此外，60°视角是指与显示面法线的极角为60°的视角。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置100的示意性截面图。
图2是示意性地示出以反射型液晶显示装置100所具有的偏振层的吸收轴PA为基准的、第1相位差层的滞相轴SA1、第2相位差层的滞相轴SA2以及第3相位差层的滞相轴SA3的配置关系的图。
图3是示出正面对比率(以下称为“正面CR”)与θ1和θ2的关系的图。
图4是示出60°视角对比率(以下称为“60°视角CR”)与θ1和θ2的关系的图。
图5是示出液晶层的Δnd与60°视角CR的关系的坐标图。
图6是示出液晶层的Δnd与正面CR的关系的坐标图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图来说明本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置，但本发明不限于下述的实施方式。
在图1中示出本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置100的示意性截面图。反射型液晶显示装置100具有：第1基板10，其具有使光反射的第1电极14；第2基板20，其具有使光透射过的第2电极24；以及液晶层LC，其设置在第1电极14与第2电极24之间。第1电极14是反射像素电极，例如由金属层(例如Al层)或者由金属层与透明导电层的层叠体形成。第2电极24是共用电极，由透明导电层(例如ITO层)形成。反射型液晶显示装置100还具有：偏振层42，其设置在第2基板20的观察者侧；以及3个相位差层44、45和46，其配置在偏振层42与第2基板20之间。从靠近偏振层42的一侧起，设为第1相位差层44、第2相位差层45以及第3相位差层46。
偏振层42是直线偏振层，吸收与吸收轴(垂直于透射轴)PA平行的直线偏振光。液晶层LC被密封部11密闭保持在第1基板10与第2基板20之间。第1基板10和第2基板20是绝缘性基板，例如使用玻璃基板或塑料基板。至少第2基板20是透明的。此外，第1基板10和第2基板20也可以是柔性基板。
反射型液晶显示装置100的液晶层LC在黑显示时采取大致垂直取向。即，反射型液晶显示装置100可以是常黑模式(例如VA模式)，也可以是常白模式(例如TN模式)，但以下例示的是在未被施加电压时进行黑显示的常黑模式。
液晶层LC例如具有介电各向异性Δε为负的手性向列型液晶材料。手性向列型液晶材料包含介电各向异性Δε为负的向列型液晶材料以及手性(Chiral)剂。液晶层LC在未被施加电压时采取大致垂直取向(参照图1的液晶层LC的左侧)并显示黑色，在被施加白电压时采取扭曲取向或混合取向(参照图1中的液晶层LC的右侧)。图1的液晶层LC的左侧示意性地示出在没有对液晶层LC施加电压(或施加低于阈值电压的电压)时液晶分子lc处于大致垂直取向的样子，液晶层LC的右侧示意性地示出在对液晶层LC施加白电压时，液晶分子lc处于扭曲取向的样子。
如图1所示，典型来说，由于垂直取向膜16和26的取向限制力，液晶层LC在没有被施加电压的状态下具有相对于与液晶层LC平行的面例如约为89°的预倾角。此外，液晶分子lc预倾斜的方位(取向方位)例如通过摩擦或光取向处理而被规定为预定方位。预定方向可以是相对于偏振层42的吸收轴PA为0°以上且不到180°的角。
通过对垂直取向膜16和26双方进行取向处理，能得到采取扭曲取向的液晶层LC，通过仅对其中任意一方进行取向处理，能得到采取混合取向的液晶层LC。它们分别成为以VATN模式或VAHAN模式进行显示的反射型液晶显示装置。在制作VAHAN模式的反射型液晶显示装置的情况下，实施取向处理的基板可以是其中任何一方基板，但在实施摩擦处理的情况下，优选是取向膜的表面的台阶较小的一方基板。另外，在本发明中，也可以不必是垂直取向，而使用在两侧的基板上配置水平取向膜，在对两个取向膜进行了摩擦处理的单元中配置具有正的介电各向异性的液晶的TN模式。
偏振层42、第1相位差层44、第2相位差层45以及第3相位差层46是指具有各自的功能的光学层。虽省略了图示，但除了这些光学层以外，还有保护层(例如TAC层)和/或粘接层(包括粘合层)配置在这些光学层之间。在此，为了简化说明，将保护层和/或粘接层忽略。在保护层和/或粘接层具有延迟(Retardation)的情况下，只要使这些层与相位差层作为整体分别等效于第1相位差层44、第2相位差层45以及第3相位差层46即可。
典型来说，在将偏振层42的吸收轴与第1相位差层44的滞相轴所成的角度设为θ1，将偏振层42的吸收轴与第2相位差层45的滞相轴所成的角度设为θ2，将偏振层42的吸收轴与第3相位差层46的滞相轴所成的角度设为θ3时，满足40°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤50°、130°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤140°、220°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤230°、310°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤320°。特别是，优选|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|为45°、135°、225°或者315°。即，在40°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤50°的关系中，即使对各个角度加上90°、180°或270°，也能在光学上得到等效的关系。此外，在|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|的值为360°以上的情况下，将其减去360°，设为0°以上且不到360°的值。另外，在此是以偏振层42的吸收轴为基准，但即使以透射轴为基准，相同的关系也会成立。
另外，第1相位差层44、第2相位差层45是所谓的λ/2板，第3相位差层46是所谓的λ/4板。λ是可见光的波长，主要的可见光的波长范围为400nm以上720nm以下。因此，第1相位差层44和第2相位差层45所具有的面内延迟(以下简称为延迟。)例如为265nm以上285nm以下，第3相位差层46所具有的延迟为例如为130nm以上145nm以下。此外，在本说明书中，有时将相位差以延迟(nm)来表示。
如上所述，第1相位差层44、第2相位差层45以及第3相位差层46配置为使得圆偏振光入射到液晶层LC。
如给出模拟例所说明的那样，反射型液晶显示装置100通过使用这样的3个相位差层，从而，能够实现正面CR为50：1以上且60°视角CR为1.0以上的视角特性优异的显示。
在图2中示意性地示出反射型液晶显示装置100所具有的第1相位差层44的滞相轴SA1、第2相位差层45的滞相轴SA2以及第3相位差层46的滞相轴SA3的关系。在从观察者侧来看反射型液晶显示装置100时，以吸收轴PA为基准，将第1相位差层44的滞相轴SA1、第2相位差层45的滞相轴SA2、第3相位差层46的滞相轴SA3分别设为θ1、θ2、θ3。另外，液晶层的扭曲取向是从第2垂直取向膜26上的液晶分子的预倾斜方位LP2朝向第1垂直取向膜16上的液晶分子的预倾斜方位LP1逆时针方向地扭曲。
以下，例示仅规定第1垂直取向膜16上的液晶分子的预倾斜方位LP1而不规定第2垂直取向膜26的预倾斜方位LP2(不进行取向处理的)情况，说明液晶层的Δnd(构成液晶层的液晶材料的双折射率Δn(589nm)与液晶层的厚度(也称为单元间隙。)d之积为276.5nm的结果。此外，在规定了第2垂直取向膜26的预倾斜方位LP2的情况下(即VATN模式)，以下说明的结果也是合适的。
关于在上述构成中满足|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|＝225°的θ1、θ2的各组合，在图3中示出对正面CR进行计算的结果，在图4中示出通过计算求出60°视角CR的结果。例示方位角(与水平方向的角度、逆时针方向为正)为120°的结果。此外，使用LCD-Master3D(shintech公司制造)来进行计算。此外，关于偏振层的透射率，将一度透射过偏振层后被反射电极反射而再次透射过偏振层的光的透射率(相当于配置为平行尼克尔的2个偏振层的透射率)设为35.2％，将一度透射过偏振层后被反射电极反射而使偏振轴旋转了90°后再次透射过偏振层的光的透射率(相当于配置为正交尼克尔的2个偏振层的透射率)设为0.02％。
在图3中，用深色阴影线示出正面CR为50以上，用浅色阴影线示出正面CR为8以上且不到50，用无阴影线(白)示出正面CR不到8。
另外，在图4中，用深色阴影线示出60°视角CR为1.5以上，用浅色阴影线示出60°视角CR为1.0以上且不到1.5，用无阴影线(白)示出60°视角CR不到1.0。
在图3和图4这两个图中，最优选的是由深色阴影线示出的θ1与θ2的组合，次优选的是一方由深色阴影线示出而另一方由浅色阴影线示出的θ1与θ2的组合。
在专利文献1所述的仅具有2个相位差层的构成中，60°视角CR低至0.75，无法得到60°视角CR为1.0以上的构成，相对于此，根据图4可知，本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置由于具有3个相位差层，因此在θ1、θ2的各种组合中，能够得到60°视角CR为1.0以上的视角特性。
在下述的表1和表2中，示出对第1相位差层的相位差与θ1、第2相位差层的相位差与θ2、第3相位差层的相位差与θ3的各组合中的正面CR和60°视角CR进行计算的结果。在表1和表2中，〇表示正面CR为50以上并且60°视角CR为2.0以上，△表示正面CR为8以上且不到50、并且60°视角CR为1.0以上且不到2.0。即，表1和表2所示的组合能够改善60°视角CR。
如表1和表2所示，当第1相位差层和第2相位差层的相位差为265nm以上285nm以下，第3相位差层的相位差为130nm以上145nm以下，另外，θ1、θ2、θ3满足220°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤230°的关系时，能得到良好的视角特性。只要如表1和表2所例示的64个组合那样，满足70°≤θ1≤80°、0°≤θ2≤10°、80°≤θ3≤90°，就能够满足上述的关系，得到良好的视角特性。
因此，只要满足与70°≤θ1≤80°、0°≤θ2≤10°、80°≤θ3≤90°等效的、160°≤θ1≤170°、90°≤θ2≤100°、170°≤θ3≤180°；250°≤θ1≤260°、180°≤θ2≤190°、260°≤θ3≤270°；以及，340°≤θ1≤350°、270°≤θ2≤280°、350°≤θ3≤360°，就能够得到良好的视角特性。
【表1】
Figure BDA0002206610480000081
【表2】
Figure BDA0002206610480000091
图5是示出液晶层的Δnd与60°视角CR的关系的坐标图，图6是示出液晶层的Δnd与正面CR的关系的坐标图。此外，方位角(与水平方向的角度、逆时针方向为正)为120°。
图5中的实施例是第1相位差层(相位差270nm、θ1＝75°)、第2相位差层(相位差270nm、θ2＝5°)、第3相位差层(相位差140nm、θ3＝85°)、LP1＝－14.5°时偏振层的吸收轴PA与水平方向成15°的例子，比较例是没有第1相位差层、第2相位差层(相位差270nm、θ2＝15°)、第3相位差层(相位差140nm、θ3＝75°)、LP1＝－14.5°时偏振层的吸收轴PA与水平方向成15°的例子。此外，当设为LP1＝－14.5°时，方位角为90°和180°时的反射率(亮度)变高。LP1只要根据所要求的视角特性来设定即可。
根据图5可知，在本发明的实施例中，在液晶层的Δnd为从160nm到400nm的范围内，60°视角CR为2.0以上，能够得到良好的倾斜视角特性。另外，根据图6可知，正面CR的值也是在液晶层的Δnd为从160nm到400nm的范围内能得到高于比较例的值。
与图6所示的正面CR相比，图5所示的60°视角CR更多地依赖于液晶层的Δnd。这是由于，液晶层相对于从正面入射到黑显示状态(垂直取向状态)的液晶层的光的延迟大致为零，而液晶层相对于倾斜(60°视角)入射的光的延迟不为零。本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置所具有的第3个相位差层(第1相位差层)以对液晶层相对于倾斜入射到垂直取向状态的液晶层的光的延迟进行补偿的方式起作用，其结果是，黑显示时的倾斜视角下的反射率(显示亮度)得以降低，倾斜视角下的CR得以提高。根据图5的结果可以说，更优选液晶层的Δnd在260nm以上370nm以下的范围内。
工业上的可利用性
本发明的实施方式的反射型液晶显示装置适合应用于便携电话、智能手机、平板终端等移动设备或数字标牌的用途。

Claims (7)

1.一种反射型液晶显示装置，其特征在于，
具有：
第1基板，其具有使光反射的第1电极；
第2基板，其具有使光透射过的第2电极；
液晶层，其设置在上述第1电极与上述第2电极之间，在黑显示时采取大致垂直取向；
偏振层，其设置在上述第2基板的观察者侧；以及
第1相位差层、第2相位差层以及第3相位差层，其从离上述偏振层近的一侧起按顺序配置，
在将上述偏振层的吸收轴或透射轴与上述第1相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ1，将上述偏振层的上述吸收轴或上述透射轴与上述第2相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ2，将上述偏振层的上述吸收轴或上述透射轴与上述第3相位差层的滞相轴所成的角设为θ3时，满足40°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤50°、130°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤140°、220°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤230°、或者310°≤|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|≤320°。
2.根据权利要求1所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
60°视角的对比率为1.0以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
是与70°≤θ1≤80°、0°≤θ2≤10°、80°≤θ3≤90°等效的、160°≤θ1≤170°、90°≤θ2≤100°、170°≤θ3≤180°；250°≤θ1≤260°、180°≤θ2≤190°、260°≤θ3≤270°；或者，340°≤θ1≤350°、270°≤θ2≤280°、350°≤θ3≤360°。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
|θ3－2×θ2+2×θ1|为45°、135°、225°或者315°。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
上述第1相位差层所具有的面内延迟为265nm以上285nm以下，上述第2相位差层所具有的面内延迟为265nm以上285nm以下，上述第3相位差层所具有的面内延迟为130nm以上145nm以下。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
上述液晶层包含介电各向异性为负的向列型液晶材料以及手性剂，在未被施加电压时采取大致垂直取向，在被施加白电压时采取扭曲取向或混合取向。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的反射型液晶显示装置，
在将构成上述液晶层的液晶材料的双折射率设为Δn，将上述液晶层的厚度设为d时，Δn与d之积Δnd为160nm以上400nm以下。
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