CN110927456A - Low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system comprises a main station platform, a distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, branch monitoring units and node communication units, wherein the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal is installed on the side of a distribution area transformer, the main station platform is in communication connection with the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, the branch monitoring units are installed on branch lines connected with the distribution area transformer and intelligent ammeter boxes, the node communication units are installed inside the intelligent ammeter boxes, and the node communication units are in communication connection with the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal. The system firstly establishes a low-voltage distribution area topological relation table through a distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, a branch monitoring unit and a node communication unit; and then establishing a low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance calculation mathematical model according to the topological relation table. The method can automatically acquire the data of each measuring node according to the intelligent sensing terminal, and calculate the loop impedance of the corresponding line on the basis of the physical topological structure table of each measuring node, and has the characteristics of accuracy, simplicity, convenience and real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent power distribution networks, and particularly relates to a low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof.
Background
With the development of the intelligent power distribution network, higher requirements are provided for the real-time performance and accuracy of the real-time acquisition of the line parameters, such as fault discrimination, risk pre-judgment and the like, and the impedance parameters of the low-voltage power distribution line are important problems to be solved urgently in the field of low-voltage power distribution.
At present, the impedance parameters of the distribution line are mainly obtained by the following methods: experience estimation, measured data estimation, equivalence model estimation, etc., but these methods are not suitable for low voltage distribution line impedance measurement due to the universality, complexity and uncertainty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof, which can automatically acquire the data of each measurement node according to an intelligent sensing terminal and calculate the loop impedance of a corresponding line on the basis of a physical topological structure table of each measurement point, and have the characteristics of accuracy, simplicity, convenience and real-time performance.
The invention provides a low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system which comprises a main station platform, a distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, branch monitoring units and node communication units, wherein the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal is installed on the side of a distribution area transformer, the main station platform is in communication connection with the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, the branch monitoring units are installed on branch lines connected with the distribution area transformer and intelligent ammeter boxes, the node communication units are installed inside the intelligent ammeter boxes, and the node communication units are in communication connection with the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, the node communication unit includes a metering chip, a topology signal identification module, a topology signal transmission module, an HPLC module, a main processor chip and a storage chip, the main processor injects a topology identification signal into the power grid through the topology signal identification module, and detects the topology identification signal in the power grid through the topology signal identification module; the main processor obtains basic electric quantity information of the inlet wire of the intelligent ammeter box through the metering chip, data interaction is carried out between the main processor and the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area through the HPLC module, and the basic information of the node communication unit is stored in the storage chip.
Further, the node communication unit receives a collecting beat issued by the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area, collects the effective value of current and voltage at the beat moment, and transmits information to the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area through the high-speed power line.
Furthermore, the branch detection unit comprises a topology signal identification module, a topology signal sending module, an HPLC module, a main processor chip and a memory, wherein the main processor chip injects a topology identification signal into the power grid through the topology signal sending module, detects the injected signal in the power grid through the topology signal identification module, sequences the line change relationship, and records the information of the subordinate slave node under the branch; and the branch detection unit is interacted with the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area through an HPLC module.
Furthermore, the platform area intelligent sensing terminal comprises a metering chip, a topological signal identification module, an HPLC module, a main processor chip, a storage chip and a wireless public network module, wherein the main processor chip detects an injection signal in a power grid through the topological signal identification module, coordinates the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit to complete platform area topological structure identification, and records a topological relation table in the storage chip; the method comprises the steps that a platform area intelligent sensing terminal collects basic electric quantity information of a transformer side of a platform area, a synchronous collecting beat is issued to each node communication unit governed by the platform area through an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) module, the basic electric quantity information of each intelligent electric meter box at the beat moment reported by each node communication unit is received, impedance is calculated in a segmented mode through a topological relation table, and the result is sent to a master station platform through a wireless public network module.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system, which comprises the following steps,
s1, establishing a low-voltage distribution area topological relation table through the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit;
and step S2, establishing a low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance calculation mathematical model according to the topological relation table.
Further, the specific steps of step S1 are,
step S11, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area completes the networking of the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit in the area of the transformer area of the low-voltage distribution transformer through HPLC;
step S12, the platform area intelligent sensing terminal sequentially informs each node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid through a roll call mode, and monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module, so as to judge whether the node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit belong to a topology slave node of the platform area;
step S13, the branch monitoring unit detects the identification signal through the topology signal identification module, obtains the information of the node communication unit under the branch node, reports the information to the intelligent sensing terminal of the distribution room, and establishes the relation of 'transformer-branch-node' in the sensing terminal;
step S14, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each branch monitoring unit monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signals are detected or not; after roll calling of all the branch monitoring units, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area finishes sequencing the topological positions of all branch points of the outgoing line of the transformer according to the condition that each roll calling detects an identification signal;
step S15, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each node communication unit under a branch line of injecting an identification signal into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each node communication unit under the branch detects the identification signal through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signal is detected or not; after the node communication units under all the branches are named, the intelligent sensing terminal in the transformer area can detect the condition of the identification signal according to each roll name, and the topological position sequencing of all the nodes under the branches of the transformer outgoing line is completed;
and S16, looping the steps S11-S15, and establishing a topological table of the transformer, the branch point and the intelligent ammeter box.
Furthermore, in step S14, when the branch monitoring unit injects the identification signal into the power grid, only the upper branch of the branch point can detect the signal; in step S15, when the node communication unit injects the identification signal into the grid, only the upper node of the node below the branch point can detect the signal.
Further, in step S2, the node 10 is first mathematically modeled:
Ug＝X12i12+X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)+X89(i9+i10)+X910i10+U10；
wherein, UgIs a constant value of the low-voltage side power supply voltage of the low-voltage distribution transformer, UxThe effective value of the measured voltage of the measuring point is; i isxThe effective value of the measuring current of the measuring point is; x12～X910Segmenting equivalent impedance for the low-voltage distribution line, namely obtaining a target solution;
further, U can be obtainedg-X12i12-X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)-X89(i9+i10)-X910i10＝+U10；
N equation sets can be obtained through n times of measurement:
Ug-X12i12_1-X25(i6_1+i7_1+i8_1+i9_1+i10_1)-X89(i9_1+i10_1)-X910i10_1＝+U10_1
Ug-X12i12_2-X25(i6_2+i7_2+i8_2+i9_2+i10_2)-X89(i9_1+i10_2)-X910i10_2＝+U10_2
............
Ug-X12i12_n-X25(i6_n+i7_n+i8_n+i9_n+i10_n)-X89(i9_n+i10_n)-X910i10_n＝+U10_n；
converting the equation set into a matrix form:
that is, Hx ═ y;
wherein, matrix H and y are measured values, and constant estimation is carried out on the result of x according to the least square method:
furthermore, the measurement times n are greater than the variable number of the node matrix x, the variable number of the node matrix x is taken as the window length, sliding window calculation is carried out on the measurement data, and the convergence result is taken as the impedance measurement result in the measurement period.
The invention relies on the intelligent sensing terminal installed on the distribution and transformation side of the low-voltage transformer area to automatically acquire the voltage and current data of each measurement node, and calculates the loop impedance of the corresponding line by using a segmented solution method on the basis of the physical topological structure table of each measurement point. The method can improve the use value of data by improving the collection frequency of each measurement point, gradually improves the reliability of the line calculation result by sliding window processing, and has the advantages of high accuracy, simple and convenient calculation and real-time monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a node communication unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a branch monitoring unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a platform intelligent sensing terminal according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for establishing a topological relation table of a low-voltage transformer area;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the equivalent transformation of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a "change-line-user" relationship established by the platform area intelligent sensing terminal in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a "change-line-user" relationship between internal loads 3 and 4 of the platform intelligent sensing terminal in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a "change-line-user" relationship that is updated after identification by a station area intelligent sensing terminal that requires each branch to sequentially transmit an identification signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a "change-line-user" relationship updated after identification by a node communication unit 3 and a node communication unit 4 under a requirement of a branch 2 of a platform intelligent sensing terminal in an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
Referring to FIG. 1, the present embodiment provides
The utility model provides a low pressure distribution lines equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system in district, including the main website platform, district's intelligent perception terminal, branch monitoring unit and node communication unit, district's intelligent perception terminal is installed in district's transformer side, main website platform communication connection district's intelligent perception terminal, all install branch monitoring unit on the branch line that district's transformer and each intelligent ammeter case link to each other, node communication is single to be installed in the inside of each intelligent ammeter case, each node communication unit and district's intelligent perception terminal communication connection.
The node communication unit is installed inside the intelligent meter box, the structure of the node communication unit is shown in fig. 2, the platform area topological signal sending module is used for injecting topological identification signals into a power grid, the platform area topological identification module is used for detecting the injection signals in the power grid, and platform area topological structure identification is achieved through cooperation with the platform area intelligent sensing terminal.
The node communication unit acquires basic electric quantity information such as current and voltage of an inlet wire of the intelligent meter box through the metering chip, and performs data interaction with the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area through a high-speed power line carrier (hereinafter referred to as 'HPLC'): receiving a collecting beat issued by the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area, collecting the effective value of current and voltage at the beat moment, and sending the collected information to the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area through HPLC.
The storage chip is used for storing basic information of the node communication unit, sampling frozen data and the like.
The branch monitoring unit is installed at a branch of a low-voltage distribution line and is structurally shown in fig. 3, the distribution area topology signal sending module is used for injecting topology identification signals into a power grid, the distribution area topology identification module is used for detecting the injection signals in the power grid, sorting the line transformation relations, and establishing a distribution area topology structure relation table in cooperation with a distribution area intelligent sensing terminal.
The memory is used for recording the information of the subordinate nodes under the branch, including the addresses of the communication units, the topological relation table and the like. And the branch monitoring unit interacts with the district intelligent sensing terminal through HPLC.
The intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area is installed on the transformer side of the transformer area, the structure is shown in fig. 4, the topology identification module of the transformer area is used for detecting injection signals in a power grid, coordinating the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit to complete the identification of the topology structure of the transformer area, and recording the topology relation table to the storage chip.
The method comprises the steps that a platform area intelligent sensing terminal collects basic current and voltage electric quantity information of a transformer side of a platform area, a synchronous collection beat is issued to a node communication unit governed by the platform area through HPLC, the basic current and voltage information at the beat moment reported by the node communication unit is received and recorded to a storage chip, and then segmented impedance calculation is carried out by combining a topological relation table. And reporting the calculation result to the master station platform through a wireless public network (4G).
The monitoring method of the system comprises the following specific steps:
s1, establishing a low-voltage distribution area topological relation table through the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit;
and step S2, establishing a low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance calculation mathematical model according to the topological relation table.
As shown in fig. 5, the specific steps of step S1 include:
step S11, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area completes the networking of the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit in the area of the transformer area of the low-voltage distribution transformer through HPLC;
step S12, the platform area intelligent sensing terminal sequentially informs each node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid through a roll call mode, and monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module, so as to judge whether the node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit belong to a topology slave node of the platform area;
step S13, the branch monitoring unit detects the identification signal through the topology signal identification module, obtains the information of the node communication unit under the branch node, reports the information to the intelligent sensing terminal of the distribution room, and establishes the relation of 'transformer-branch-node' in the sensing terminal;
step S14, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each branch monitoring unit monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signals are detected or not; after roll calling of all the branch monitoring units, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area finishes sequencing the topological positions of all branch points of the outgoing line of the transformer according to the condition that each roll calling detects an identification signal;
step S15, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each node communication unit under a branch line of injecting an identification signal into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each node communication unit under the branch detects the identification signal through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signal is detected or not; after the node communication units under all the branches are named, the intelligent sensing terminal in the transformer area can detect the condition of the identification signal according to each roll name, and the topological position sequencing of all the nodes under the branches of the transformer outgoing line is completed;
and S16, looping the steps S11-S15, and establishing a topological table of the transformer, the branch point and the intelligent ammeter box.
In step S14, when the branch monitoring unit injects the identification signal into the power grid, only the upper branch of the branch point can detect the signal; in step S15, when the node communication unit injects the identification signal into the grid, only the upper node of the node below the branch point can detect the signal.
In step S2, the low voltage distribution network is a multi-branch tree network, whose typical topology is shown in fig. 6,
when a mathematical model of the equivalent impedance of the distribution line in the low-voltage distribution area is established, in order to calculate the impedance of the full-path line to a specific load n, modeling can be respectively carried out according to the single-phase distribution line of the load, the single-phase path from the low-voltage distribution network to the load n is regarded as the full path, and all other loads on the phase line can become each branch (1-3) and multi-stage branches under the branch.
By using the method shown in fig. 5, the transformer area intelligent sensing terminal can realize the drawing of the physical topology table of the outgoing line, the branch and the load of the transformer, mark each branch point and the load, and can equivalent the model shown in fig. 6 to fig. 7.
The node 10 is first mathematically modeled:
Ug＝X12i12+X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)+X89(i9+i10)+X910i10+U10；
wherein, UgIs a constant value of the low-voltage side power supply voltage of the low-voltage distribution transformer, UxThe effective value of the measured voltage of the measuring point is; i isxThe effective value of the measuring current of the measuring point is; x12～X910Segmenting equivalent impedance for the low-voltage distribution line, namely obtaining a target solution;
further, U can be obtainedg-X12i12-X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)-X89(i9+i10)-X910i10＝+U10；
N equation sets can be obtained through n times of measurement:
Ug-X12i12_1-X25(i6_1+i7_1+i8_1+i9_1+i10_1)-X89(i9_1+i10_1)-X910i10_1＝+U10_1
Ug-X12i12_2-X25(i6_2+i7_2+i8_2+i9_2+i10_2)-X89(i9_1+i10_2)-X910i10_2＝+U10_2
............
Ug-X12i12_n-X25(i6_n+i7_n+i8_n+i9_n+i10_n)-X89(i9_n+i10_n)-X910i10_n＝+U10_n；
converting the equation set into a matrix form:
that is, Hx ═ y;
wherein, matrix H and y are measured values, and constant estimation is carried out on the result of x according to the least square method:
in fig. 5, each node can perform the segment impedance calculation by using the algorithm.
And the measurement times n of the nodes are greater than the variable number of the node matrix x, the variable number of the node matrix x is taken as the window length, sliding window calculation is carried out on the measurement data, and the convergence result is taken as the impedance measurement result in the measurement period.
The system and method of the present embodiment are described in detail below;
firstly, a platform area topological relation table is obtained.
By using the method of fig. 5, the transformer area intelligent sensing terminal can realize the drawing of the physical topology table of the outgoing line, the branch and the load of the transformer. Taking fig. 6 as an example, the detailed description is made:
1.1 perception terminal carries out 'change-line-user' relation identification
① after the perception terminal broadcasts and notifies the HPLC network, all branch monitoring units and node communication units start the relation identification flow of 'change-line-user' within the scope of administration.
Take branch 2, load 3, and load 4 as examples:
② the sensing terminal requests the node communication unit 4 of the load 4 to send the identification signal by the HPLC roll call mode, the sensing terminal detects the identification signal in a certain time, if the identification signal is detected, the node communication unit 4 is considered as the user load detection device in the local area, and establishes the 'change-to-user' corresponding relation table, otherwise, the node communication unit 4 is not the user load detection device in the local area.
③ when the sensing terminal requests the node communication unit 4 of the load 4 to send the identification signal by the HPLC roll call, the branch 1 and the branch 2 can detect the identification signal, the branch 3 to the branch n can not detect the identification signal, the branch monitoring unit 1 and the branch 2 monitor and report the identification signal sent by the node communication unit 4.
There are two possibilities for the "change-line-user" relationship at this time, as shown in fig. 8.
Similarly, after roll calling of all node communication units is completed, 4 possibilities exist for sensing the "change-line-user" relationship between the internal load 3 and the internal load 4 of the terminal, as shown in fig. 9;
④ perception terminal requires each branch to send identification signal in turn by HPLC roll call mode, and utilizes whether the identification signal sent by the branch is detected or not reported by the branch monitoring unit to identify branch topology relationship, thus making it clear:
the upper branch of branch n comprises: branch 1, branch 2, branch 3;
the upper branch of branch 3 comprises: branch 1, branch 2;
the upper branch of branch 2 comprises: branch 1;
upper branch of branch 1: not, i.e. branch 1 is the first branch point of the transformer outlet.
The perception terminal updates the relation of change-line-user, and two possibilities exist for the relation of change-line-user at this time, as shown in fig. 10.
⑤ perception terminal requires node communication unit 3 and node communication unit 4 under branch 2 to send identification signal by HPLC roll call mode, and node topological relation identification is carried out by using whether identification signal sent by the node is detected or not reported by the node communication unit, thus making clear:
the upper node of the node 4 includes: a node 3;
upper node of node 3: none, node 3 is the first measurement node under branch 2.
The perception terminal updates the relation of change-line-user, and the relation of change-line-user only has one possibility, as shown in fig. 11.
And secondly, the sensing terminal acquires quasi-synchronous sampling data of each node communication unit.
The sensing terminal and the node communication units can acquire the effective current and voltage values of the measuring points, and in order to enable the impedance calculation result to reflect the actual line impedance more truly, the sampling beats of the sensing terminal and each node communication unit should be synchronized as much as possible. In this embodiment, quasi-synchronization of sampling clocks between the sensing terminal and each node communication unit is realized by using a beacon time slot (TDMA/CSMA time slot) maintained by an HPLC network, and the specific method is as follows:
① the HPLC module of the sensing terminal is responsible for the maintenance of the beacon time slot of the whole network, so that the error of the received beacon time slot by the HPLC module of each node communication unit in the whole network is less than us level.
② perception terminal sends through HPLC module and prepares to start sampling beacon, appoints 10 synchronization beats, and all terminals gather current voltage signal in step to freeze the virtual value.
③ when the sensing terminal is idle, the effective value of the freezing current voltage of each node communication unit is summoned and tested, and one-time full-network quasi-synchronous sampling and data collection are completed.
And finally, calculating the segmented impedance of each node by taking the intelligent meter box as a unit.
The sensing terminal finishes the data acquisition of n times, and can be used for a certain node according to a formula
Where n is equal to the number of segments from node to transformer outlet, i.e. the sum of the number of forward branches and forward nodes plus 1.
In the formula
In the method, the matrix H and the matrix y are measured values obtained through the steps, and the sensing terminal can estimate a multi-element linear equation target solution by using a least square method, so that equivalent impedance of each section from a certain node to a transformer outgoing line can be obtained. The line equivalent impedance of the node to the transformer outgoing line is equal to the sum of the sectional impedances.
And the sensing terminal takes the acquired data for n times as a window period and measures the equivalent impedance from a certain node in the transformer outlet in real time in a sliding window mode.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be protected by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low pressure distribution lines equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system in district, its characterized in that, includes main website platform, district intelligent sensing terminal, branch monitoring unit and node communication unit, district intelligent sensing terminal installs in district transformer side, main website platform communication is connected district intelligent sensing terminal, all install branch monitoring unit on the branch line that district transformer and each intelligent ammeter case link to each other, node communication is single to be installed in each the inside of intelligent ammeter case, each node communication unit with district intelligent sensing terminal communication connection.
2. The system for monitoring the equivalent impedance of the distribution line in the low-voltage transformer area in real time according to claim 1, wherein the node communication unit comprises a metering chip, a topology signal identification module, a topology signal sending module, an HPLC module, a main processor chip and a storage chip, the main processor injects a topology identification signal into a power grid through the topology signal identification module and detects the topology identification signal in the power grid through the topology signal identification module; the main processor obtains basic electric quantity information of the inlet wire of the intelligent electric meter box through the metering chip, data interaction is carried out between the main processor and the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area through the HPLC module, and the storage chip stores the basic information of the node communication unit.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the node communication unit receives a sampling beat issued by the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, samples an effective value of current and voltage at the beat time, and transmits information to the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal through a high-speed power line.
4. The system for monitoring the equivalent impedance of the distribution line in the low-voltage transformer area according to claim 1, wherein the branch detection unit comprises a topology signal identification module, a topology signal transmission module, an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) module, a main processor chip and a memory, the main processor chip injects a topology identification signal into a power grid through the topology signal transmission module and detects the injected signal in the power grid through the topology signal identification module to sequence the line change relationship, and the memory records the information of the slave node under the branch; and the branch detection unit interacts with the platform area intelligent sensing terminal through the HPLC module.
5. The system for monitoring the equivalent impedance of the distribution line in the low-voltage distribution area in real time according to claim 1, wherein the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal comprises a metering chip, a topology signal identification module, an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) module, a main processor chip, a storage chip and a wireless public network module, the main processor chip detects an injection signal in a power grid through the topology signal identification module, coordinates the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit to complete distribution area topology structure identification, and records a topology relation table in the storage chip; the station area intelligent sensing terminal acquires basic electric quantity information of a transformer side of the station area, sends a synchronous acquisition beat to each node communication unit managed by the station area through the HPLC module, receives the basic electric quantity information of each intelligent ammeter box at the beat moment reported by each node communication unit, calculates impedance in a segmented mode by combining with a topological relation table, and sends the result to the master station platform through the wireless public network module.
6. A monitoring method of a low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, establishing a low-voltage distribution area topological relation table through the distribution area intelligent sensing terminal, the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit;
and step S2, establishing a low-voltage distribution area distribution line equivalent impedance calculation mathematical model according to the topological relation table.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S1 includes the steps of,
step S11, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area completes the networking of the branch monitoring unit and the node communication unit in the area of the transformer area of the low-voltage distribution transformer through HPLC;
step S12, the platform area intelligent sensing terminal sequentially informs each node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid through a roll call mode, and monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module, so as to judge whether the node communication unit and the branch monitoring unit belong to a topology slave node of the platform area;
step S13, the branch monitoring unit detects the identification signal through the topology signal identification module, obtains the information of the node communication unit under the branch node, and reports the information to the intelligent sensing terminal of the distribution room, and establishes the relation of 'transformer-branch-node' in the sensing terminal;
step S14, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each branch monitoring unit to inject identification signals into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each branch monitoring unit monitors the identification signals through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signals are detected or not; after roll calling of all the branch monitoring units, the intelligent sensing terminal of the transformer area finishes sequencing the topological positions of all branch points of the outgoing line of the transformer according to the condition that each roll calling detects an identification signal;
step S15, the intelligent sensing terminal of the platform area sequentially informs each node communication unit under a branch line of injecting an identification signal into the power grid in a roll call mode, and each node communication unit under the branch detects the identification signal through a self topology signal identification module and reports whether the identification signal is detected or not; after the node communication units under all the branches are named, the intelligent sensing terminal in the transformer area can detect the condition of the identification signal according to each roll name, and the topological position sequencing of all the nodes under the branches of the transformer outgoing line is completed;
and S16, looping the steps S11-S15, and establishing a topological table of the transformer, the branch point and the intelligent ammeter box.
8. The monitoring method of the low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system according to claim 7,
in step S14, when the branch monitoring unit injects the identification signal into the power grid, only the upper branch of the branch point can detect the identification signal; in step S15, when the node communication unit injects the identification signal into the grid, only the upper node of the node below the branch point can detect the signal.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the node 10 is first mathematically modeled as:
Ug＝X12i12+X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)+X89(i9+i10)+X910i10+U10；
wherein, UgIs a constant value of the low-voltage side power supply voltage of the low-voltage distribution transformer, UxThe effective value of the measured voltage of the measuring point is; i isxThe effective value of the measuring current of the measuring point is; x12～X910Segmenting equivalent impedance for the low-voltage distribution line, namely obtaining a target solution;
further, U can be obtainedg-X12i12-X25(i6+i7+i8+i9+i10)-X89(i9+i10)-X910i10＝+U10；
N equation sets can be obtained through n times of measurement:
Ug-X12i12_1-X25(i6_1+i7_1+i8_1+i9_1+i10_1)-X89(i9_1+i10_1)-X910i10_1＝+U10_1
Ug-X12i12_2-X25(i6_2+i7_2+i8_2+i9_2+i10_2)-X89(i9_1+i10_2)-X910i10_2＝+U10_2
............
Ug-X12i12_n-X25(i6_n+i7_n+i8_n+i9_n+i10_n)-X89(i9_n+i10_n)-X910i10_n＝+U10_n；
converting the equation set into a matrix form:
that is, Hx ═ y;
wherein, matrix H and y are measured values, and constant estimation is carried out on the result of x according to the least square method:
10. the monitoring method of the low-voltage distribution line equivalent impedance real-time monitoring system according to claim 9, wherein the number of measurement times n is greater than the variable number of the node matrix x, the variable number of the node matrix x is taken as a window length, sliding window calculation is performed on the measurement data, and a convergence result is taken as an impedance measurement result in the measurement period.
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