CN110927363A - Vegetation side slope monitoring analogue means under indoor dry and wet circulation condition - Google Patents
Vegetation side slope monitoring analogue means under indoor dry and wet circulation condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under an indoor dry-wet cycle condition, which comprises a model groove for accommodating a vegetation slope model; a rainfall system and an illumination system are arranged above the model groove; at least one groove wall on the side surface of the mold groove is a transparent groove wall; a PIV measuring point is arranged at the wall of the transparent groove; a notch at one end of the mold groove is a water outlet; a soil collecting tank is arranged at the water outlet; the main body of the vegetation slope model is soil; when slope monitoring simulation is carried out, a rainfall system sprays water to the vegetation slope module to simulate rainfall; the PIV measuring point records the deformation process of a vegetation slope model at one side of the transparent groove wall by using a shooting device, and a soil collecting groove collects soil flowing out of the model groove and is used for measuring the soil loss in the slope monitoring simulation process; the invention can solve the simulation problem of drought and rainfall circulation in the indoor vegetation slope test; and the deformation of the vegetation slope soil body can be recorded and analyzed while the extreme weather conditions of dry and wet circulation are simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation soil research, in particular to a vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under an indoor dry-wet cycle condition.
Background
Global climate change, arid and heavy rainfall weather occur more frequently. Extreme weather induces disasters such as landslide and debris flow. Most slope instability occurs in shallow soil (2 m depth range) worldwide. The damage and instability of shallow dams seriously threaten the life and property safety of people. Therefore, the research on the deformation and stability of the vegetation slope under the drought and rainfall conditions has important scientific and engineering significance.
However, the cost of conducting field trials to study the stability of vegetation slopes under dry and wet cycles is high. In addition, the uncertain factors on the site are too many, and all the factors interact with each other, so that the problem analysis is more complicated. The indoor test is the first choice for the research problem in geotechnical engineering, and has the advantages of clear research object, strong test controllability, clear test result analysis and the like. At present, scholars at home and abroad carry out a series of field and indoor tests to intensively study the slope stability under rainfall conditions. In part of the tests, the influence of rainfall characteristics (such as intensity, duration and the like) on the rainfall infiltration and stability of the bare slope is considered. However, the knowledge of the pore water pressure distribution and the slope stability of the vegetation slope under dry and wet cycles is relatively insufficient. In addition, the deformation characteristics of the slope soil under the dry and wet cycle conditions are lack of corresponding researches.
According to experimental research requirements, the vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under the indoor dry-wet cycle meets the following requirements:
(1) the test device must have enough stability and must ensure the safety in the test process;
(2) an illumination system in the test device can simulate different sunlight intensities and durations;
(3) the rainfall system in the test device can simulate the characteristics of rainfall, including intensity, type and duration;
(4) PIV measuring points on one side of the organic glass plate of the mold groove in the test device are reasonably arranged, so that analysis is facilitated;
(5) the model groove is provided with a soil collection system, so that the influence of vegetation on soil erosion in the rainfall process can be conveniently analyzed.
(6) The system should have a reasonable rainwater recovery system, be convenient for collect unnecessary rainwater and side slope seepage flow in the rainfall process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under an indoor dry-wet cycle condition, which can solve the simulation problem of drought and rainfall cycle in an indoor vegetation slope test; and the deformation of the vegetation slope soil body can be recorded and analyzed while the extreme weather conditions of dry and wet circulation are simulated.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under an indoor dry-wet cycle condition comprises a model groove for accommodating a vegetation slope model; a rainfall system capable of simulating different rainfall intensities and an illumination system capable of simulating different illumination intensities are arranged above the model groove; at least one groove wall on the side surface of the mold groove is a transparent groove wall (14); a PIV (particle Image velocimetry) measuring point (20) is arranged at the wall of the transparent groove; a notch at one end of the mold groove is a water outlet; a soil collecting tank (15) is arranged at the water outlet; the main body of the vegetation slope model is soil; when the side slope monitoring simulation is carried out, the rainfall system sprays water to the vegetation side slope module to simulate rainfall; and the PIV measuring point records the deformation process of the vegetation slope model at one side of the transparent groove wall by using a shooting device, and the soil flowing out of the soil collecting groove is collected by the soil collecting groove and used for measuring the soil loss in the slope monitoring simulation process.
A space is arranged between the vegetation slope model and the wall of the model groove; the mould groove inclines towards one end of the water outlet.
The mould groove is adjacent to the illumination system; the illumination system comprises a truss (9) fixed with a circuit control system and a lamp (10); the truss moves on a first rail (17) through a pulley (16); the lamp is positioned above the model groove.
The lamp is an LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system is provided with a plurality of branch switches capable of controlling the on-off state of the LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system simulates different illumination of the vegetation slope model by controlling the number and power of the lighting lamps of the LED plant growth lamps; when the vegetation slope model is covered with vegetation, the distance range of the plant growth lamp from the vegetation surface is 1.5-2.0 m.
The rainfall system comprises a water tank (1) and a water spraying waterway connected with the water tank; the water spraying waterway is supported by a movable support (6), and a water pipe (24) of the water spraying waterway is provided with a pressure pump (2), a pressure gauge (3), a flow meter (4), a precipitation main switch (5) and a precipitation branch switch (7); the tail end of the water spraying waterway is provided with a spray head suspended above the model groove; the spray heads comprise wide-angle spray heads (11) and non-wide-angle spray heads (12); the mobile carriage rests on a second rail (18) with a pulley.
The wide-angle nozzles are suspended above four corners of the model groove, and the non-wide-angle nozzles are uniformly arranged as shown in the figure; the water spraying pressure range of the spray head is 0-1000 kPa; when the rainfall system simulates rainfall, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall are controlled by the pressure pump, the flow meter and the pressure gauge together.
Water collecting grooves (19) for recovering water for simulating rainfall are arranged around the model groove; the water collecting tank is connected with a recovery water tank (22).
And filter screens are arranged on two sides of the soil collecting tank.
And the vegetation slope model is embedded with a sensor for recording the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the slope soil body in the process of a slope monitoring simulation test.
The device can be used for vegetation slope monitoring simulation tests under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions, and the using method comprises the following steps;
step A1, filling soil in the model groove and manufacturing a vegetation slope model according to the requirement of the test; determining whether plants are planted on the vegetation slope model according to the test requirement;
a2, embedding a sensor in the vegetation slope model to record the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the slope soil in the test process;
step A3, starting an illumination system according to the drought weather to be simulated, and controlling the number and power of the lamps of the LED plant growth by using a branch switch so as to control the illumination intensity and illumination duration of the illumination system; the surface condition of the vegetation slope model further meets the requirements of the test;
a4, when the surface condition of the vegetation slope model meets the requirements of the test, closing and removing the illumination system, starting the rainfall system, starting the pressure pump, adjusting the flow meter and the pressure gauge, controlling the main rainfall switch and the branch rainfall switch, and spraying water to the vegetation slope model to simulate rainfall;
step A5, controlling the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall by adjusting a pressure pump;
a6, recording the deformation condition of the side face of the vegetation slope model soil slope at the PIV measuring point on one side of the transparent groove wall by taking a picture in the rainfall simulation process to obtain the vegetation slope model soil deformation development condition and the damage mode in the rainfall simulation process;
step A7, closing a rainfall master switch, recording the reading of a flow meter to obtain the total rainfall, and completing one-time rainfall simulation;
step A8, collecting and drying the soil flushed into the soil collecting tank by the simulated rainfall to obtain the soil loss of the vegetation slope model in the process of simulating the rainfall;
step A9, when the weather environment of dry and wet weather cycle needs to be simulated, steps A3 to A8 can be repeated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, weather with different illumination intensities is simulated through reasonable configuration of the plant growth lamp and the circuit control system.
(2) The organic combination of illumination and a rainfall system can simulate the conditions of drought and rainfall and the extreme weather of drought and rainfall cycle.
(3) PIV measuring points arranged on the sides of the model grooves can record the deformation conditions of soil bodies of all points of the side slope and the whole side slope in the rainfall process, and the influence of rainfall on the stability of the vegetation side slope is analyzed.
(4) And the soil collection system is used for collecting the soil loss in the rainfall process and analyzing the influence of rainfall on soil erosion.
(5) The reasonable use of the device can analyze the stability of the vegetation slope under the extreme weather conditions of dry and wet circulation.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mold slot of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an illumination system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rainfall system;
in the figure: 1-a water tank; 2-a pressure pump; 3-a pressure gauge; 4-flow meter; 5-a precipitation main switch; 6-moving the bracket; 7-a precipitation branch switch; 8-a wire; 9-truss; 10-a plant growth lamp; 11-wide angle nozzle; 12-non wide angle spray head; 13-a mould groove; 14-transparent tank wall; 15-a soil collection tank; 16-a pulley; 17-a first track; 18-a second track; 19-a water collection tank; 20-PIV measuring point; 21-lighting system master switch; 22-a recovery water tank; 23-a sensor for recording the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the soil body of the side slope in the process of the side slope monitoring simulation test; 100-an illumination system; 200-rainfall system.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-5, a vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions comprises a model groove 13 for accommodating a vegetation slope model; a rainfall system 200 capable of simulating different rainfall intensities and an illumination system capable of simulating different illumination intensities are arranged above the model groove; at least one groove wall on the side surface of the mold groove is a transparent groove wall 14; a PIV measuring point 20 is arranged at the wall of the transparent groove; a notch at one end of the mold groove is a water outlet; a soil collecting groove 15 is arranged at the water outlet; the main body of the vegetation slope model is soil; when the side slope monitoring simulation is carried out, the rainfall system sprays water to the vegetation side slope module to simulate rainfall; and the PIV measuring point records the deformation process of the vegetation slope model at one side of the transparent groove wall by using a shooting device, and the soil flowing out of the soil collecting groove is collected by the soil collecting groove and used for measuring the soil loss in the slope monitoring simulation process.
A space is arranged between the vegetation slope model and the wall of the model groove; the mould groove inclines towards one end of the water outlet.
The mold groove is adjacent to the illumination system 100; the illumination system comprises a truss 9 which is fixed with a circuit control system and a lamp 10; the truss moves on a first rail 17 through a pulley 16; the lamp is positioned above the model groove.
The lamp is an LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system is provided with a plurality of branch switches capable of controlling the on-off state of the LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system simulates different illumination of the vegetation slope model by controlling the number and power of the lighting lamps of the LED plant growth lamps; when the vegetation slope model is covered with vegetation, the distance range of the plant growth lamp from the vegetation surface is 1.5-2.0 m.
The rainfall system comprises a water tank 1 and a water spraying waterway connected with the water tank; the water spraying waterway is supported by a movable support 6, and a pressure pump 2, a pressure gauge 3, a flow gauge 4, a precipitation main switch 5 and a precipitation branch switch 7 are arranged at a water pipe 24 of the water spraying waterway; the tail end of the water spraying waterway is provided with a spray head suspended above the model groove; the spray heads comprise wide-angle spray heads 11 and non-wide-angle spray heads 12; the moving carriage rests on a second rail 18 with a pulley 16.
The wide-angle spray head is suspended above four corners of the model groove; the water spraying pressure range of the spray head is 0-1000 kPa; when the rainfall system simulates rainfall, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall are controlled by the pressure pump, the flow meter and the pressure gauge together.
A water collecting tank 19 for recovering water for simulating rainfall is arranged around the model tank; the water collection sump is connected to a recovery water tank 22.
And filter screens are arranged on two sides of the soil collecting tank.
The vegetation side slope model is embedded with a sensor 23 for recording the change conditions of the side slope soil body pore water pressure and the soil body water content in the process of side slope monitoring simulation test.
The device can be used for vegetation slope monitoring simulation tests under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions, and the using method comprises the following steps;
step A1, filling soil in the model groove and manufacturing a vegetation slope model according to the requirement of the test; determining whether plants are planted on the vegetation slope model according to the test requirement;
a2, embedding a sensor in the vegetation slope model to record the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the slope soil in the test process;
step A3, starting an illumination system according to the drought weather to be simulated, and controlling the number and power of the lamps of the LED plant growth by using a branch switch so as to control the illumination intensity and illumination duration of the illumination system; the surface condition of the vegetation slope model further meets the requirements of the test;
a4, when the surface condition of the vegetation slope model meets the requirements of the test, closing and removing the illumination system, starting the rainfall system, starting the pressure pump, adjusting the flow meter and the pressure gauge, controlling the main rainfall switch and the branch rainfall switch, and spraying water to the vegetation slope model to simulate rainfall;
step A5, controlling the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall by adjusting a pressure pump;
a6, recording the deformation condition of the side face of the vegetation slope model soil slope at the PIV measuring point on one side of the transparent groove wall by taking a picture in the rainfall simulation process to obtain the vegetation slope model soil deformation development condition and the damage mode in the rainfall simulation process;
step A7, closing a rainfall master switch, recording the reading of a flow meter to obtain the total rainfall, and completing one-time rainfall simulation;
step A8, collecting and drying the soil flushed into the soil collecting tank by the simulated rainfall to obtain the soil loss of the vegetation slope model in the process of simulating the rainfall;
step A9, when the weather environment of dry and wet weather cycle needs to be simulated, steps A3 to A8 can be repeated.
Example (b):
in this example, the left and right sides of the model groove are respectively an opaque wall and a transparent wall; the non-transparent wall is a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 10 mm; the transparent wall is a 20mm thick organic glass plate; four steel cross beams are arranged at the bottom of the model groove to enhance the stability of the model groove.
In this example, the vegetation slope model in the model groove is two meters long and one meter five wide, and needs 10000lux illumination, and two plant growth lamps are placed therein. The circuit system controls all lamps by the illumination system main switch 21, and two independent switches respectively control each row of fluorescent lamps, thereby simulating different illumination conditions. The plant growth lamp parameters used here were: 26479Lm for Flux, 418umol/s for PPF, 87953mWF for PAR; all wires 8 of the illumination system are 2.5 square copper wires.
In this example, the laboratory water supply system is connected to a water tank (1) via a joint, and then to a pressure pump (2), a pressure gauge (3) and a flow meter (4). The 7 branch flow pipes are connected with the water tank (1) through a main switch (5). The branch pipe is arranged on the cantilever beam of the moving support. The gravity flow pipe is evenly provided with spray heads, wherein the wide-angle spray heads are arranged at four corners, and the rest are common non-wide-angle spray heads.
The diameter of the main water pipe is 20mm, the diameter of the branch water pipe is 10mm, and the main water pipe and the branch water pipe are both made of PPR materials.
The movable support for supporting the rainfall system can move on a second rail 18 with pulleys 16, and the second rail is 5m long.
The PIV measuring point adopts a Particle Image Velocimetry technology, namely a Particle Image Velocimetry technology, and experimental data are obtained through changes of slope forms.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vegetation side slope monitoring analogue means under indoor dry and wet circulation condition which characterized in that: the simulation device comprises a model groove for accommodating a vegetation slope model; a rainfall system capable of simulating different rainfall intensities and an illumination system capable of simulating different illumination intensities are arranged above the model groove; at least one groove wall on the side surface of the mold groove is a transparent groove wall (14); a PIV (particle Image velocimetry) measuring point (20) is arranged at the wall of the transparent groove; a notch at one end of the mold groove is a water outlet; a soil collecting tank (15) is arranged at the water outlet; the main body of the vegetation slope model is soil; when the side slope monitoring simulation is carried out, the rainfall system sprays water to the vegetation side slope module to simulate rainfall; and the PIV measuring point records the deformation process of the vegetation slope model at one side of the transparent groove wall by using a shooting device, and the soil flowing out of the soil collecting groove is collected by the soil collecting groove and used for measuring the soil loss in the slope monitoring simulation process.
2. The vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle condition of claim 1, characterized in that: a space is arranged between the vegetation slope model and the wall of the model groove; the mould groove inclines towards one end of the water outlet.
3. The vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle condition of claim 1, characterized in that: the mould groove is adjacent to the illumination system; the illumination system comprises a truss fixed with a circuit control system and a lamp (10); the truss moves on a first rail (17) through a pulley (16); the lamp is positioned above the model groove.
4. A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: the lamp is an LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system is provided with a plurality of branch switches capable of controlling the on-off state of the LED plant growth lamp; the circuit control system simulates different illumination of the vegetation slope model by controlling the number and power of the lighting lamps of the LED plant growth lamps; when the vegetation slope model is covered with vegetation, the distance range of the plant growth lamp from the vegetation surface is 1.5-2.0 m.
5. A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: the rainfall system comprises a water tank (1) and a water spraying waterway connected with the water tank; the water spraying waterway is supported by a movable support (6), and a water pipe (24) of the water spraying waterway is provided with a pressure pump (2), a pressure gauge (3), a flow meter (4), a precipitation main switch (5) and a precipitation branch switch (7); the tail end of the water spraying waterway is provided with a spray head suspended above the model groove; the spray heads comprise wide-angle spray heads (11) and non-wide-angle spray heads (12); the mobile carriage rests on a second rail (18) with a pulley.
6. A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: the wide-angle spray head is suspended above four corners of the model groove; the water spraying pressure range of the spray head is 0-1000 kPa; when the rainfall system simulates rainfall, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall are controlled by the pressure pump, the flow meter and the pressure gauge together.
7. A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: water collecting grooves for recovering water for simulating rainfall are formed in the periphery of the model groove; the water collecting tank is connected with the recovery water tank.
8. The vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle condition of claim 1, characterized in that: and filter screens are arranged on two sides of the soil collecting tank.
9. The vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle condition of claim 1, characterized in that: and the vegetation slope model is embedded with a sensor for recording the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the slope soil body in the process of a slope monitoring simulation test.
10. A vegetation slope monitoring simulation device under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: the device can be used for vegetation slope monitoring simulation tests under indoor dry-wet cycle conditions, and the using method comprises the following steps;
step A1, filling soil in the model groove and manufacturing a vegetation slope model according to the requirement of the test; determining whether plants are planted on the vegetation slope model according to the test requirement;
a2, embedding a sensor in the vegetation slope model to record the change conditions of the pore water pressure and the water content of the slope soil in the test process;
step A3, starting an illumination system according to the drought weather to be simulated, and controlling the number and power of the lamps of the LED plant growth by using a branch switch so as to control the illumination intensity and illumination duration of the illumination system; the surface condition of the vegetation slope model further meets the requirements of the test;
a4, when the surface condition of the vegetation slope model meets the requirements of the test, closing and removing the illumination system, starting the rainfall system, starting the pressure pump, adjusting the flow meter and the pressure gauge, controlling the main rainfall switch and the branch rainfall switch, and spraying water to the vegetation slope model to simulate rainfall;
step A5, controlling the rainfall intensity and the rainfall type of the simulated rainfall by adjusting a pressure pump;
a6, recording the deformation condition of the side face of the vegetation slope model soil slope at the PIV measuring point on one side of the transparent groove wall by taking a picture in the rainfall simulation process to obtain the vegetation slope model soil deformation development condition and the damage mode in the rainfall simulation process;
step A7, closing a rainfall master switch, recording the reading of a flow meter to obtain the total rainfall, and completing one-time rainfall simulation;
step A8, collecting and drying the soil flushed into the soil collecting tank by the simulated rainfall to obtain the soil loss of the vegetation slope model in the process of simulating the rainfall;
step A9, when the weather environment of dry and wet weather cycle needs to be simulated, steps A3 to A8 can be repeated.
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| CN114724447A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-08 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Experimental device for simulating influence of extreme rainfall climate and mowing on grassland ecosystem |
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| CN114724447A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-08 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Experimental device for simulating influence of extreme rainfall climate and mowing on grassland ecosystem |
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