CN110926914A - 羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用 - Google Patents
羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及羟丙基‑β‑环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,羟丙基‑β‑环糊精溶液浸泡受农药污染的蔬菜并用流水冲洗,去除蔬菜表面的农药残留;羟丙基‑β‑环糊精溶液为其水溶液,其中羟丙基‑β‑环糊精的含量范围为1%至10%。本发明明确了羟丙基‑β‑环糊精这种成分可以去除蔬菜表面农药残留,并且在1%‑10%的浓度下才有明显效果;且为单一成分,安全环保,区别于其他含环糊精的现有技术,其成分较多,可能存在二次有机物残留问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药残留去除技术领域,具体涉及一种羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用。
背景技术
蔬菜是人们日常饮食必不可少的食物之一,是人体多种维生素和矿物质等营养物质的主要来源。国家卫生部发布的《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》中指出:6岁以上的正常人群,每人每天的蔬菜类摄入量为300—500克。为了追求蔬菜生产的高产量、高质量,菜农们经常不科学地高剂量多种类使用农药,蔬菜表面不可避免地造成农药残留问题,严重危害人畜安全,同时对生态环境造成破坏。
农产品表面的农药残留去除方法主要有:浸泡水洗法、臭氧降解法、辐照法。浸泡水洗法简单易操作,成本低廉易于推广,但是农药去除率有限;臭氧降解法、以及辐照法去除效果良好,但是对于日常家庭使用难于推广。
环糊精(Cyclodextrin,简称CD)是直链淀粉在由芽孢杆菌产生的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶作用下生成的一系列环状低聚糖的总称。它具有外缘亲水而内腔的特性可以与许多有机和无机分子形成包合物,因而对很多分子具有保护、稳定、增溶的作用。最常见的环糊精分为有α、β和γ三种。β-环糊精目前应用最广泛的环糊精,为增加其分子的识别能力以及在水中的溶解度,需要在其分子上个引入一定的基团形成功能性β-环糊精衍生物,羟丙基-β-环糊精就是其中之一。程民等研究表明,抗真菌药伏立康唑用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合后,其溶解度大大提升,而且羟丙基-β-环糊精浓度越大,该药的溶解度越大。刘龙孝等研究称,盐酸哌唑嗪几乎不溶于水,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合后,其溶解度增加了(226.4+3.0)%。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,利用环糊精的增溶特性,再结合浸泡水洗法,去除蔬菜表面残留的农药。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:
羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,其特征在于:
羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液浸泡受农药污染的蔬菜并用流水冲洗,去除蔬菜表面的农药残留。
羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液为其水溶液,其中羟丙基-β-环糊精的含量范围为1%至10%。
浸泡时间为10min,流水冲洗时间为1min。
农药指有机磷类以及氨基甲酸酯类。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明公开了一种用羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)去除蔬菜表面农药残留的方法,利用不同浓度的羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液浸泡受农药污染的青菜叶10min并用流水冲洗1min,可有效去除蔬菜表面的农药残留,可安全有效去除有机磷农药马拉硫磷以及氨基甲酸酯农药苯氧威在蔬菜表面的残留。
本发明中农残的检测方法是根据国标《蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的快速检测》(GB/T 5009.199-2003)中的酶抑制率法(分光光度计法)进行的。在一定条件下,有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药对胆碱酯酶正常功能有抑制作用,其抑制率与农药的浓度呈正相关。当羟丙基-β-环糊精浓度分别为1‰、1%、2%、5%、时,其对马拉硫磷(有效浓度为1.2mg/kg)的抑制率分别为:38.62%、30.19%、22.43%、5.73%;当羟丙基-β-环糊精浓度分别为1‰、1%、2%、5%、时,其苯氧威(有效浓度为15mg/kg)的抑制率分别为:43.84%、40.13%、35.24%、9.78%。该方法,方便、安全、便于以后在家用范围推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细的说明。
本发明涉及羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,农药指有机磷类以及氨基甲酸酯类,羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液浸泡受农药污染的蔬菜并用流水冲洗,去除蔬菜表面的农药残留。
羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液为其水溶液,其中羟丙基-β-环糊精的含量范围为1%至10%。浸泡时间为10min,流水冲洗时间为1min。
实施例1:羟丙基-β-环糊精对有机磷农药(马拉硫磷)的去除效果
1.1方法步骤:
1.1.1农药配制:吸取8.9mL浓度为45%的马拉硫磷农药,加入至含有91.1mL的自来水的丝口瓶中,摇匀后再将丝口瓶中液体稀释100倍,从中吸取3mL,加入至含有997mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,即为1.2mg/kg的马拉硫磷浓度,备用。
1.1.2.蔬菜处理:取适量青菜叶,于上述备用农药液体中浸泡10min,取出后于生物安全柜晾晒一晚(16h)。
1.1.3.检测前处理:
a.1组(对照组):晾干一晚的青菜叶;
b.2组:晾干一晚的青菜叶用自来水流水冲洗1min;
c.3组:晾干一晚的青菜叶用自来水浸泡10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
d.4组(1‰羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取0.5g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有499mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
e.5组(1%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取5.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有495mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
f.6组(2%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取10.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有490mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
g:7组(5%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取25.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有475mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
1.1.4农药提取:将各组青菜叶用吸水纸擦干、称取2g,剪成1cm左右的方块,放入大试管中,加入10mL磷酸缓冲液,震荡1min,将上清液倒入小试管中,静置2min。每组样品做3个重复。
1.1.5农药检测:
a.空白样品:取干净试管,加入2.5mL磷酸缓冲液,并依次加入100μL显色剂,100μL胆碱酯酶混匀后,37℃水浴15min后,给其中加入100μL底物,摇匀后倒入比色皿,用紫外分光光度计于波长412nm处检测分别0min、3min吸光值,二者之差即为3min的吸光度变化值ΔA0。测得三组数据,求平均值。
b.样品测试:分别取1组至7组样品提取液2.5mL,并依次加入100μL显色剂,100μL胆碱酯酶混匀后,37℃水浴15min后,给其中加入100μL底物,摇匀后倒入比色皿,用紫外分光光度计于波长412nm处检测分别0min、3min吸光值,二者之差即为3min的吸光度变化值ΔAt。测得三组数据,求平均值。
c.农药残留抑制率的测定
抑制率(%)=[(ΔA0-ΔAt)/ΔA0] ×100%
实施例1结果分析:
环糊精对有机磷农药(马拉硫磷)的抑制率测定结果
实施例2:羟丙基-β-环糊精对氨基甲酸酯类农药(苯氧威)的去除效果
2.1方法步骤:
2.1.1农药配制:吸取5mL浓度为3%的苯氧威农药,加入至含有45mL的自来水的丝口瓶中,摇匀后从中吸取10mL,加入至含有990mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,即为15mg/kg的苯氧威浓度,备用。
2.1.2.蔬菜处理:取适量青菜叶,于上述备用农药液体中浸泡10min,取出后于生物安全柜晾晒一晚(16h)。
2.1.3.检测前处理:
a.1组(对照组):晾干一晚的青菜叶;
b.2组:晾干一晚的青菜叶用自来水流水冲洗1min;
c.3组:晾干一晚的青菜叶用自来水浸泡10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
d.4组(1‰羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取0.5g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有499mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
e.5组(1%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取5.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有495mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
f.6组(2%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取10.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有490mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
g:7组(5%羟丙基-β-环糊精):称取25.0g羟丙基-β-环糊精,加入至含有475mL自来水的不锈钢盆中,取适量晾干一晚的青菜叶,浸泡其中10min后再用自来水流水冲洗1min;
2.1.4农药提取:将各组青菜叶称取2g,剪成1cm左右的方块,放入大试管中,加入10mL磷酸缓冲液,震荡1min,将上清液倒入小试管中,静置2min。每组样品做3个重复。
2.1.5农药检测:
a.空白样品:取干净试管,加入2.5mL磷酸缓冲液,并依次加入100μL显色剂,100μL胆碱酯酶混匀后,37℃水浴15min后,给其中加入100μL底物,摇匀后倒入比色皿,用紫外分光光度计于波长412nm处检测分别0min、3min吸光值,二者之差即为3min的吸光度变化值ΔA0。测得三组数据,求平均值。
b.样品测试:分别取1组至7组样品提取液2.5mL,并依次加入100μL显色剂,100μL胆碱酯酶混匀后,37℃水浴15min后,给其中加入100μL底物,摇匀后倒入比色皿,用紫外分光光度计于波长412nm处检测分别0min、3min吸光值,二者之差即为3min的吸光度变化值ΔAt。测得三组数据,求平均值。
c.农药残留抑制率的测定
抑制率(%)=[(ΔA0-ΔAt)/ΔA0] ×100%
实施例2结果分析:
环糊精对氨基甲酸酯类(苯氧威)的抑制率测定结果
本发明的创新之处在于:
1.明确羟丙基-β-环糊精这种成分可以去除蔬菜表面农药残留,并且在1%-10%的浓度下才有明显效果。
2.本专利是单一成分,且该成分安全环保,区别于其他含环糊精的专利,其成分较多,可能存在二次有机物残留问题。
本发明的内容不限于实施例所列举,本领域普通技术人员通过阅读本发明说明书而对本发明技术方案采取的任何等效的变换,均为本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (4)
1.羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,其特征在于:
羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液浸泡受农药污染的蔬菜并用流水冲洗,去除蔬菜表面的农药残留。
2.根据权利要求1所述的羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,其特征在于:
羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液为其水溶液,其中羟丙基-β-环糊精的含量范围为1%至10%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,其特征在于:
浸泡时间为10min,流水冲洗时间为1min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的羟丙基-β-环糊精在去除蔬菜表面农药残留方面的应用,其特征在于:
农药指有机磷类以及氨基甲酸酯类。
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