CN110925727B - Adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for submerged combustion gasifier - Google Patents
Adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for submerged combustion gasifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN110925727B CN110925727B CN201911234597.5A CN201911234597A CN110925727B CN 110925727 B CN110925727 B CN 110925727B CN 201911234597 A CN201911234597 A CN 201911234597A CN 110925727 B CN110925727 B CN 110925727B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1853—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines coming in direct contact with water in bulk or in sprays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
- F22B1/26—Steam boilers of submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised, e.g. water in sprays
- F22B1/265—Steam boilers of submerged-flame type, i.e. the flame being surrounded by, or impinging on, the water to be vaporised, e.g. water in sprays the water being in bulk
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
- F23C3/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for submerged combustion
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Abstract
An adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for an immersed combustion gasifier comprises a flue gas uniform distributor, wherein the flue gas uniform distributor consists of an inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor, an outer pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor and a 'dead zone' turbulence section, two ends of the inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor are connected with the 'dead zone' turbulence section, one end of the inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor is in flange connection, and the other end of the inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor is welded; the outer pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor is coaxially nested and installed outside the inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor, and the outer pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor is connected with the power output of an actuating mechanism of an electric servo system; according to the gasification rate demand and the gasification amount, the electric servo system actuating mechanism A drives the outer pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor to rotate to a corresponding angle, the diameter of a flue gas jet hole is changed, and the effective jet area of flue gas is adjusted, so that the flue gas jet speed is controlled in a certain range, the flue gas can be fully subjected to heat exchange with a water bath, stronger transverse-swept pipe bundle disturbance can be realized, the coiled pipe is prevented from being frozen, and the purpose of improving the gasification rate is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of LNG gasifiers, and particularly relates to an adjustable uniform flue gas distribution device for an immersed combustion gasifier.
Background
The Submerged Combustion gasifier (SCV) is a multi-phase flow heat exchange technology developed on the basis of Submerged Combustion technology, and has the characteristics of rapid start-up, high thermal efficiency, wide power regulation range, compact volume, low equipment one-time investment cost and the like. Because the natural gas demand has seasonal fluctuation which is 2-3 times of the normal state in winter, the SCV is often used as the special peak regulation equipment for the natural gas system of the receiving station. SCVs used by domestic natural gas receiving stations are imported mainly from japan, germany and korea. The document 'U.S. patent application publication No. US7168395B 2' discloses that the main structure of the submerged combustion gasifier consists of a heat exchange tube bundle, a shell side cofferdam, a water bath, a submerged combustor, a combustion chamber, a flue gas uniform distribution system, an LNG monitoring system, a chimney and the like. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an SCV working system, after ignition, high-temperature flue gas is formed in a combustion chamber, enters a water bath in a bubbling mode along a distributor pipeline and densely arranged uniform distribution holes to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow transverse-swept tube bundle, completes a heat exchange process of the high-temperature flue gas and water, finally transfers heat to LNG flowing in the tube through the heat exchange tube bundle in a cofferdam, and achieves heating and gasification of the LNG from a liquid state to a supercritical state.
The ideal gasification process of SCV is that the heat provided by the fuel is basically equal to the heat required by the gasification of the liquefied natural gas, and the temperature of the water bath is ensured to be basically kept unchanged in the operation process. Through the disturbance of the high-speed gas column to the water bath, on the one hand, the heat exchange coefficient of the shell pass water bath side of the LNG heat exchanger is enhanced, and on the other hand, the low-temperature layer of the water bath close to the heat exchange tube bundle is broken, so that the water bath is not frozen in the operation process, and the heat transfer process is ensured to be carried out smoothly. However, in the actual operation process, the SCV is mostly used for urban peak regulation, so that the adjustment range of the gasification amount is large, the flue gas flow and the injection speed of the SCV can only be adjusted by the flue gas amount, the flue gas jet speed is difficult to directly adjust, the disturbance degree of the water bath can be reduced due to the reduction of the flue gas jet speed, or the heat exchange between the flue gas and the water bath is insufficient due to too high speed, both of the flue gas and the water bath can affect the heat exchange efficiency of the SCV, and the problem that the gasification temperature of the outlet LNG is high or the gasification amount does not reach the standard exists in the actual driving process is. Meanwhile, because the flue gas injection equi-distributor is uniformly distributed in a flat hole manner, disturbance dead zones (close to the bent pipe area of the serpentine pipe and near the wall surface of the cofferdam) exist in the injection area, the disturbance degree of the water bath at the bent pipe of the heat transfer pipe is low, the heat exchange performance of the water bath and the serpentine heat transfer pipe is influenced, even a thick ice layer is formed on the surface of the heat transfer pipe, the heat exchange process cannot be accurately estimated, and the influence on the heat exchange efficiency is further aggravated, so that the heat exchange performance of the SCV is seriously influenced, and similar icing problems are also proposed in the literature of "Experimental insulation on fluid and heat transfer characteristics of a sub-sized communication boiler, Applied Thermal Engineering 113 (2017)529 and 536". Therefore, how to obtain severely disturbed circulating water flow by utilizing a gas lifting principle in a heat exchange dead zone with a lower disturbance degree or an area where an ice layer is easy to form or effectively adjust the flue gas injection speed according to the ratio of the flue gas quantity required by LNG gasification so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the outside of the pipe and the water bath is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems that the existing SCV flue gas injection uniform distributor cannot regulate the injection speed and the 'dead zone' is seriously frozen and the like in the operation, the invention provides an adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device of an immersed combustion type gasifier, which adopts the adjustable flue gas uniform distributor device, adjusts the effective injection area of the spray holes of the uniform distributor according to the flue gas quantity, and enables the flue gas injection speed to be matched with the flue gas quantity required by an LNG heat transfer pipe, namely, on one hand, the flue gas injection speed is regulated to effectively disturb the 'quasi-static' water bath near the heat transfer pipe, on the other hand, excessive pressure injection loss is avoided, the flue gas and the water bath are fully exchanged heat, the heat exchange efficiency of the flue gas and the transverse tube bundle of the heat transfer pipe is improved, meanwhile, the 'dead zone' turbulence nozzles are designed on the two sides of the flue gas uniform distributor, the water bath turbulence, thereby further improving the LNG gasification rate and achieving the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection; the LNG gasification device has the advantages of compact structure, easiness in processing, small change of an SCV system, obvious improvement of LNG gasification rate and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for an immersed combustion gasifier comprises a flue gas uniform distributor 6, wherein the flue gas uniform distributor 6 consists of a flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section 15, a flue gas uniform distributor outer pipe section 16 and a 'dead zone' turbulence section 17, two ends of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section 15 are connected with the 'dead zone' turbulence section 17, one end of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section is in flange connection, and the other end of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section is welded; the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor is coaxially nested and installed outside the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor, and the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor is connected with the power output of the actuating mechanism A of the electric servo system.
The inner flue gas jet holes 18 on the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor are designed as flat hole nozzles, and the inner flue gas jet holes 18 are uniformly distributed in a semicircular mode.
The outer flue gas jet holes 21 on the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor are designed as flat hole jet orifices, the outer flue gas jet holes 21 are distributed in a full circumference, the diameters of the outer flue gas jet holes 21 are non-uniformly distributed, namely the diameters comprise three sizes which are respectively D,
the number of the outer smoke jet holes 21 is 2 times of that of the inner smoke jet holes 18, and the maximum diameter D of the outer smoke jet holes is the same as that of the inner smoke jet holes 18.
The 'dead zone' spoiler section 17 comprises a nozzle section 22 and a spoiler section main pipe in threaded connection with the nozzle section 22, wherein the nozzle section 22 is of a contraction type nozzle structure and is distributed in a semi-circle shape.
According to the invention, the flue gas uniform distributor 6 is improved on the basis of the existing device, the LNG gasification monitoring device is used for measuring the LNG heat transfer pipe outlet gasification rate, when the supercritical LNG outlet temperature or the subcritical LNG outlet gasification rate is lower than a set threshold value, the NG supply system increases the supply amount, and meanwhile, the electric servo system actuating mechanism A drives the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor to rotate to a corresponding angle, so that the diameter of a flue gas injection hole is changed, and the effective injection area of the flue gas is adjusted. Therefore, the control of the flue gas injection speed in a certain range is ensured, the flue gas can be fully subjected to heat exchange with a water bath, strong transverse sweeping tube bundle disturbance can be realized, the coiled pipe is prevented from being frozen, and the purpose of improving the gasification rate is achieved. The turbulence section of the dead zone of the flue gas uniform distributor is of a semi-circumference uniform distribution type convergent nozzle structure, and plays a role in enhancing water bath disturbance at the bent pipe section (close to the wall surface of the cofferdam) of the heat transfer pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the adjustable type flue gas equipartition device of submerged combustion formula vaporizer can adjust the effective injection area of flue gas equipartition ware according to rate of gasification demand and gasification volume to effective control jet-propelled speed, furthest's assurance jet-propelled speed control is in reasonable scope, increases water bath disturbance degree and saves energy consumption, all can use during high low-load, and adjustable range is wide.
2. The 'dead zone' turbulence section can effectively strengthen the 'dead zone' water bath disturbance, and avoid the freezing of the bent pipe area of the heat transfer pipe, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer pipe and ensuring the energy estimation to be controllable.
3. The improved device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, convenient maintenance and low production and operation cost.
In summary, the present invention can solve the following problems:
1. the method is suitable for the requirement of large-range LNG gasification quantity change during urban peak shaving, and the injection speed is kept in a proper range by changing the effective injection area of the flue gas pipe.
2. The design of the flue gas disturbance nozzle eliminates disturbance dead zones and avoids the formation of ice layers at the dead zones, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the water bath and the heat transfer pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art submerged combustion gasifier operating system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the flue gas uniform distributor.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer pipe section of the flue gas uniform distributor.
FIG. 6 is a 'dead zone' burbling section of the flue gas uniform distributor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a common adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for a submerged combustion gasifier in the prior art, wherein NG passes through an NG inlet 1, air 2 passes through an air inlet 2 to be mixed and combusted in a combustion chamber 3, the combustion chamber 3 is immersed in a water bath 4, and the generated combustion product flue gas is used as an LNG gasification heating heat source. The flue gas enters the flue gas uniform distributor 6 along with the flue gas pipe 5, the flue gas uniform distributor 6 is positioned below the cofferdam 9, and the heat transfer pipe bundle 10 is arranged in the cofferdam 9 in a direction perpendicular to the flue gas pipe 5. The flue gas is injected into the water bath 4 through the flue gas injection holes 7 in the form of bubbles 14, causing the water bath 4 to generate 'quasi-static' turbulence and cross the heat transfer tube bundle 10 for convective heat transfer. In the heat exchange process, the water bath turbulence of the areas, close to the wall surface of the cofferdam 9, on the two sides of the coiled pipe is slow, the heat exchange capacity is weak, and the area is called as a heat exchange dead zone 8. The LNG inlet 11 is fed into the water bath 4 via a heat transfer tube bundle 10, heated in the water bath 4 and then discharged as NG at the outlet 12. The flue gas bubbles 14 after heat exchange in the water bath 4 are finally discharged from the flue gas outlet 13. The LNG heat-transfer pipe export is connected with LNG gasification monitoring system.
As shown in fig. 2, the adjustable flue gas uniform distributor for the submerged combustion gasifier of the present invention is improved by a flue gas uniform distributor 6, referring to fig. 3, the flue gas uniform distributor 6 is composed of a flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section 15, a flue gas uniform distributor outer pipe section 16 and a "dead zone" turbulence section 17, wherein both ends of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section 15 are connected with the "dead zone" turbulence section 17, and one end is connected with a flange, referring to fig. 4, and is connected with a bolt hole 19 through a flange 20, and the other end is welded; the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor is coaxially nested and installed outside the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor, and the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor is connected with a power output shaft of an electric servo system actuating mechanism A.
Referring to fig. 4, the inner flue gas injection holes 18 on the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor are designed as flat hole nozzles, and the inner flue gas injection holes 18 are uniformly distributed in a semi-circle manner, so that the flue gas uniform distributor has the advantages of large effective injection area and convenience in processing. The number of the designed spray holes is comprehensively calculated and evaluated according to the design height of the water bath and the rated smoke volume.
Referring to fig. 5, the outer flue gas injection holes 21 on the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor are designed as flat hole nozzles, the outer flue gas injection holes 21 are distributed in a full circumference, the diameters of the outer flue gas injection holes 21 are non-uniformly distributed, that is, the diameters include three sizes, respectively D,
the number of the outer smoke jet holes 21 is 2 times of that of the inner smoke jet holes 18, and the maximum diameter D of the outer smoke jet holes is the same as that of the inner smoke jet holes 18.
Referring to fig. 6, the 'dead zone' turbulent flow sections 17 are positioned at two sides of the extension section of the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor, the part close to the flue gas main pipe section 5 is connected with the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor by a flange, and the other end is welded with the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor. The 'dead zone' turbulent flow section 17 comprises a nozzle section 22 and a turbulent flow section main pipe in threaded connection with the nozzle section 22, the nozzle section 22 adopts a contraction type nozzle structure and is distributed in a semi-circle shape, acceleration of smoke in the nozzle is facilitated, accordingly, the disturbance degree of water bath is improved, and heat exchange is enhanced.
The working principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
aiming at the serious problems that flue gas and water bath heat exchange are uneven and heat exchange dead zones exist in SCV actual operation to cause icing, the heat exchange characteristics of a transverse tube bundle according to convective heat exchange and an experience correlation Nu ═ CRePr1/3Therefore, the characteristic speed of Re is the incoming flow speed of the channel, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the bubbles and the water bath can be effectively improved by improving the Re value of the flue gas injection outlet. Meanwhile, too high flue gas injection velocity inevitably brings about large pressure loss. Therefore, the cross section size of the flue gas spray holes can be adjusted according to the flue gas volume, the effective spray area is further changed, the spray speed is controlled within a reasonable range, bubbles have the capacity of floating to an upper heat transfer pipe, the flue gas volume is guaranteed to meet the requirement of sufficient heat exchange with a water bath, energy loss and pressure drop loss are small, and the purpose of energy conservation is achieved.
The inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor and the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor adopt a coaxial nested installation mode, the matching tolerance is controlled within 0.1, and the joint adopts a packing type dynamic seal coaxial connection. When the demand of LNG gasification volume changes, increase or reduce corresponding NG supply volume, change the flue gas volume, drive flue gas uniform distributor outer tube section 16 coaxial rotation to corresponding orifice area department through electric servo actuating mechanism A, realize adjusting 6 orifice sizes of flue gas uniform distributor to change effective spray area, guarantee that injection speed maintains at the suitable scope. "dead zone" vortex section 17 one end welds in flue gas equipartition inner tube section 15, and the other end and the 15 flange joint of flue gas equipartition ware inner tube section are half circumference and distribute, and the injection direction is towards 9 walls in cofferdam and the heat transfer tube bank 10 return bend directions, can effectively disturb the water bath, eliminates "dead zone" 8, improves the heat exchange efficiency of flue gas and water bath. Through the two modes, the effective injection area of the flue gas is adjusted, 8 disturbances of a dead zone are increased, the designed heat value of the flue gas can be better matched with an actual value, and the energy is effectively controlled.
The design principle of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. and determining the conveying diameter D of the pipe section 15 in the flue gas uniform distribution pipe according to the volume of the water bath and the maximum flue gas amount, and uniformly arranging n flat-hole nozzles at the upper half circumference of the wall surface of the pipe section 15 in the flue gas uniform distribution pipe according to the maximum gasification amount requirement of the system.
2. According to the number of the flat-hole nozzles of the pipe section 15 in the flue gas uniform distribution pipe, the pipe section 16 outside the flue gas uniform distribution pipe is designed to be the flat-hole nozzles with 2n rows of full-circumference distribution, the sizes of the flat-hole nozzles are in non-uniform distribution with three specifications of diameters, the diameters are respectively D,
the maximum orifice size D is the same as the inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor.
3. The inner pipe section 15 of the flue gas uniform distributor and the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor adopt a coaxial nested installation mode, and the joint adopts a packing type dynamic seal coaxial connection. A servo rotary control device is arranged at the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor to drive the flue gas uniform distributor to rotate in a controlled manner. According to the required NG supply amount during peak regulation, 5% of NG is selected for gas estimation, so that the effective area of an actual jet hole is determined, a servo system is started to rotate the outer pipe section 16 of the flue gas uniform distributor to a specific angle, the size of the actual flue gas nozzle is changed, the gas jet speed is controlled, and heat exchange reinforcement of a heat transfer pipe and a water bath is realized.
4. Meanwhile, the tapered nozzle section 22 of the 'dead zone' spoiler section 17 is in a semi-circle distribution design, and supplements bubbles jetted by the heat transfer pipe, and strengthens the flow disturbance of the 'dead zone' 8 at the side wall of the water bath cofferdam 9, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening heat transfer.
Claims (4)
1. An adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for an immersed combustion gasifier comprises a flue gas uniform distributor (6), and is characterized in that the flue gas uniform distributor (6) consists of a flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section (15), a flue gas uniform distributor outer pipe section (16) and a dead zone turbulence section (17), wherein two ends of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section (15) are connected with the dead zone turbulence section (17), one end of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section is in flange connection, and the other end of the flue gas uniform distributor inner pipe section is welded; the outer pipe section (16) of the flue gas uniform distributor is coaxially nested and installed outside the inner pipe section (15) of the flue gas uniform distributor, and the outer pipe section (16) of the flue gas uniform distributor is connected with the power output of the electric servo system actuating mechanism (A).
2. The adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for the submerged combustion gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the inner flue gas injection holes (18) on the inner pipe section (15) of the flue gas uniform distribution device are designed as flat hole nozzles, and the inner flue gas injection holes (18) are uniformly distributed in a semi-circle manner.
3. The adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for the submerged combustion gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the outer flue gas injection holes (21) on the outer pipe section (16) of the flue gas uniform distribution device are designed as flat hole nozzles, the outer flue gas injection holes (21) are distributed all around the circumference, the diameters of the outer flue gas injection holes (21) are non-uniformly distributed, that is, the diameters include three sizes, respectively D,
the number of the outer smoke jet holes (21) is 2 times of that of the inner smoke jet holes (18), and the maximum diameter D of the outer smoke jet holes is the same as that of the inner smoke jet holes (18).
4. The adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for the submerged combustion gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein said "dead zone" spoiler section (17) comprises a nozzle section (22) and a spoiler section main pipe in threaded connection therewith, said nozzle section (22) is in a convergent nozzle structure, and is distributed in a semi-circumferential manner.
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| CN201911234597.5A CN110925727B (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for submerged combustion gasifier |
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| CN201911234597.5A CN110925727B (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Adjustable flue gas uniform distribution device for submerged combustion gasifier |
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| CN112197620B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-02-18 | 西安石油大学 | Heat transfer enhancement method based on enhanced flow-around device of SCV (flue gas pressure equalizing) flue gas uniform distributor |
| CN117072970B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏众金环保科技有限公司 | Replaceable nozzle of immersed burner |
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| CN203322726U (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-12-04 | 宁波中能连通机械有限公司 | Immersed gasification device |
| CN205026386U (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2016-02-10 | 江苏中圣压力容器装备制造有限公司 | High -efficient submerged combustion formula vaporizer |
| JP2017145985A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | Heat exchange device |
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