CN110923492B - Preparation method of hard alloy and composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making - Google Patents
Preparation method of hard alloy and composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of hard alloy and a composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making. The preparation method of the hard alloy comprises the steps of putting superfine WC powder, WC powder with the particle size of 1.5-25 mu m and cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours; adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing with glue for standby; pressing and molding the powder after mixing with the glue, placing the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing 2Mpa CO2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy. The grain hard alloy for sand making prepared by the invention has the advantages of few microstructure defects, high microhardness and the like. The prepared composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making has the advantages that the coarse-grain hard alloy is added in the hammer head, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the hammer head are improved, the service life of the hammer head is prolonged, and the use cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sand making, in particular to a preparation method of hard alloy and a composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, higher and higher requirements on environmental protection are put forward, the collection of river sand is already forbidden by the nation, at present, sandstone is generally crushed to replace river sand for use in the building industry, and the yield of sandstone in China exceeds 800 million tons in 2018. Hammer crushers are the most common sand crushing devices. The hammer crusher mainly completes the operation of crushing the sandstone by impact energy, when the hammer crusher works, a motor drives a rotor to rotate at a high speed, the sandstone uniformly enters an inner cavity of the crusher, and the high-speed rotating hammer impacts, cuts and tears the sandstone to crush the sandstone; meanwhile, the gravity action of the gravels enables the gravels to rush to the inner baffle plate and the sieve bars of the frame body from the hammer head rotating at a high speed, and the gravels larger than the size of the sieve pores are retained on the sieve plate and continue to be struck and ground by the hammer until the gravels are broken to the required discharge granularity and finally discharged outside the machine through the sieve plate.
The hammer head is a key part of the hammer crusher and is arranged on a hammer shaft of a crusher rotor, the service life of the hammer head of the hammer crusher influences the service life of the hammer crusher to a certain extent, and the hammer head is a main easy-to-wear part of the hammer crusher and has high consumption. When the hammer head works, the hammer head has higher speed and inertia, and the surface of the hammer head is in maximum contact with materials, so that the abrasion is serious, and the replacement frequency is high (as shown in figure 1). And when changing the tup, need to change the tup wholly, it is very inconvenient to change. At present, the materials of the hammer head used in the crusher industry generally comprise high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron, low alloy wear-resistant steel and the like, the high manganese steel hammer head has good toughness, is not easy to break in the hammering impact process, and has very low hardness and extremely poor wear resistance although having the work hardening effect. At present, the service life of the crusher hammer is only about 10 hours, and 1 ten thousand hammers are used annually in a small sand making enterprise producing 10 ten thousand tons each year, so that the use cost is very high.
Therefore, how to prepare a hard alloy and apply the hard alloy to a composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making is the direction of research of the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems of low hardness and poor wear resistance of the existing hammer head material, and provides a preparation method of hard alloy.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) placing superfine WC powder, WC powder with the particle size of 1.5-25 mu m and cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours; wherein the weight ratio of the superfine WC powder, the WC powder with the particle size of 1.5-25 mu m and the cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m is 5-15: 80-90: 6-20;
(2) adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing with glue for standby;
(3) pressing and molding the powder mixed with the glue in the step (2), putting the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing CO of 2Mpa2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy.
Wherein in the step (1), the superfine WC powder is obtained by ball-milling WC powder of 0.4 mu m at a rotating speed of 250r/min for 96 h.
Further, in the step (2), the mixed rubber is SD rubber, and the volume-to-mass ratio of the SD rubber to the mixed powder is 90-150 mL: 1 kg. In the step (2), graphite powder is adopted to adjust the total carbon of the mixed powder.
The invention also provides a composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making, which comprises the prepared hard alloy.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) placing the hard alloy at the bottom of the hammer head die and fixing the hard alloy with the hammer head die;
2) and (3) casting the smelted Mn13 steel into a mould at 1400 ℃, cooling and demoulding to obtain the composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making.
Further, the hard alloy is of a groove-shaped structure, a plurality of protrusions are arranged in the groove of the hard alloy, and one side, away from the protrusions, of the hard alloy is placed at the bottom of the hammer head die.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the preparation method of the hard alloy, superfine WC powder is obtained through ball milling, then the superfine WC powder is added into the raw material consisting of the coarse WC powder and the Co powder for ball milling, W atoms and C atoms required by dissolution-precipitation are provided by the superfine powder, the ball milling time is reduced while the powder activity is improved, the completeness of ultra-coarse WC crystal grains is further ensured, and the obtained hard alloy is coarse crystal grain hard alloy. The coarse grain hard alloy has the advantages of few microstructure defects, large sub-crystal size, high microhardness and small microscopic strain.
2. According to the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making, the coarse-grain hard alloy is added into the hammer head, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the hammer head are improved, the service life of the hammer head is prolonged, and the use cost is reduced.
3. In the invention, the coarse grain hard alloy is prepared, and CO is introduced after sintering2The heat preservation enables the WC surface layer to be free of C, the migration of C is promoted, a Co-rich gradient layer is formed on the surface layer of the hard alloy, when the Co-rich gradient is cast by Mn13 steel, due to the fact that Fe and Co are homologous, alloy phase formed at the junction of traditional casting is avoided, the binding force of the WC surface layer and the Co-rich gradient layer is improved, the hammer head base body and the hard alloy are tightly bound, accordingly, brittle fracture of the hammer head is avoided, the wear resistance of the hammer head is improved, and the service life of the hammer head is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a sand-making hammer head, wherein (a) is before use and (b) is after use.
Fig. 2 is a metallographic photograph of the cemented carbide prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a metallographic photograph of the cemented carbide prepared in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic photograph of the cemented carbide prepared in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the shape of cemented carbide produced in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making in the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Preparation of hard alloy
Example 1
(1) Putting 10 parts of superfine WC powder, 90 parts of WC powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m and 6 parts of cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours.
(2) Adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing the mixed powder according to the proportion of 135 mL: 1kg of glue for later use.
(3) Pressing and molding the powder mixed with the glue in the step (2), putting the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing CO of 2Mpa2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy.
As shown in fig. 2, a metallographic photograph of cemented carbide. The average grain size was measured to be 2.0 μm. The hard alloy is measured to have the HRA of 90.2, the metallographic phase A02B00C00 and the density of 14.93g/cm3It is found that the hard alloy prepared in this example has high hardness and high density.
Example 2
(1) Putting 8 parts of superfine WC powder, 85 parts of WC powder with the particle size of 1.5 mu m and 8 parts of cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours.
(2) Adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing the mixed powder according to the proportion of 135 mL: 1kg of glue for later use.
(3) Pressing and molding the powder mixed with the glue in the step (2), putting the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing CO of 2Mpa2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy.
As shown in fig. 3, a metallographic photograph of the cemented carbide was obtained. The average grain size is 1.86 mu m, the HRA of the hard alloy is 89, the metallographic phase A02B00C00 and the density is 14.68 g/cm3。
Example 3
(1) Putting 15 parts of superfine WC powder, 80 parts of WC powder with the particle size of 25 mu m and 12 parts of cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours.
(2) Adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing the mixed powder according to the proportion of 135 mL: 1kg of glue for later use.
(3) Pressing and molding the powder mixed with the glue in the step (2), putting the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing CO of 2Mpa2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy.
As shown in fig. 4, a metallographic photograph of the cemented carbide was obtained. The average grain size is measured to be 20 mu m, the HRA of the hard alloy is 86.0, the metallographic phase A02B00C00 and the density is 14.93g/cm3。
Secondly, preparation of composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making
1) The cemented carbide prepared in examples 1-3 was processed into a shape as shown in fig. 5, and then placed at the bottom of a hammer head die and fixed with the hammer head die;
2) and (3) casting the smelted Mn13 steel into a mould at 1400 ℃, cooling and demoulding to obtain the composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making. The section of the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making is shown in figure 6.
Thirdly, performance test of the composite wear-resistant hammer for sand making
The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making prepared in examples 1 to 3 was used for sand crushing work. The service life of the sand making hammer head prepared by the existing Mn13 steel is 10-15 hours. The service life of the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making prepared in the example 1 is 75-120 hours, the service life of the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making prepared in the example 2 is 86-135 hours, and the service life of the hard alloy wear-resistant hammer head prepared in the example 3 is 133-157 hours. Compared with the existing sand making hammer made of Mn13 steel, the service life of the sand making hammer is prolonged by 5-10 times, the service life of the sand making hammer is greatly prolonged, the production cost of the sand making hammer is reduced, and the sand making hammer is suitable for being widely used.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
1) placing the hard alloy at the bottom of the hammer head die and fixing the hard alloy with the hammer head die;
2) casting the smelted Mn13 steel into a mould at 1400 ℃, cooling and demoulding to obtain the composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making; the preparation method of the hard alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) placing superfine WC powder, WC powder with the particle size of 1.5-25 mu m and cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours; wherein the weight ratio of the superfine WC powder, the WC powder with the particle size of 1.5-25 mu m and the cobalt powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m is 5-15: 80-90: 6-20;
(2) adjusting the mixed powder after ball milling to ensure that the percentage of total carbon in the mixed powder is 6.15 percent, and then mixing with glue for standby;
(3) pressing and molding the powder mixed with the glue in the step (2), putting the powder into a sintering furnace, and introducing CO of 2Mpa2And (4) keeping the temperature of the gas at 1420 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooling the gas along with the furnace to obtain the formed hard alloy.
2. The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ultra-fine WC powder is WC powder obtained by ball-milling 0.4 μm WC powder at a rotating speed of 250r/min for 96 h.
3. The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mixed rubber is SD rubber, and the volume-to-mass ratio of the SD rubber to the mixed powder is 90-150 mL: 1 kg.
4. The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), graphite powder is used to adjust the total carbon of the mixed powder.
5. The composite wear-resistant hammer head for sand making according to claim 1, wherein the hard alloy is of a groove-shaped structure, a plurality of protrusions are arranged in the groove of the hard alloy, and one side of the hard alloy, which is far away from the protrusions, is placed at the bottom of the hammer head die.
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