CN1109190C

CN1109190C - Internal combustion engine and device for producing signal to control operation of internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN1109190C
Application number: CN99123666A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·F·温德尔
Original assignee: Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Current assignee: Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Priority date: 1998-11-04
Filing date: 1999-11-03
Publication date: 2003-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 2019-11-03
Also published as: JP2000145529A; EP0999350A1; KR20000035229A; PL196585B1; PL336378A1; DE59909681D1; CN1253231A; KR100679615B1; EP0999350B1; DK0999350T3

Abstract

This device is electrically hydraulically controlled and has a crankshaft, particular a control signal device for controlling the operate of a large diesel engine. In this case, an engine is controlled in at least injection and gas exchange thereof by a hydraulic system which includes a standby controller 30, which is operated by an electrical signal control unit. The hydraulic system for injection and gas exchange is operated by an electric signal. A device 40 includes multiple limiting elements 42a, 42b, 42c which are placed so as to rotate simultaneously with operation of the crankshaft 2. An electrical control signal for operating the engine is generated by these signals.

Description

Generation is used for the device and an internal-combustion engine of the control signal of an internal combustion engine operation

Invention field

The present invention relates to a kind of generation be used for an internal combustion engine operation electric control signal device and have the internal-combustion engine of this device.

Background technique

Large-scale diesel engine for example can be used as the boats and ships drive train or is used as the stationary power generation unit of power station.In such known internal-combustion engine, the typical operation function of motor, the gas exchange process that for example fuel is sprayed into the course of injection in the cylinder and combustion gas are discharged from the firing chamber of cylinder all carries out the control of mechanical-hydraulic combined type by cam driving gear.A camshaft that is driven and be typically designed to Control Shaft by engine crankshaft in large-scale diesel engine is used to finish this function.Some cams are arranged on this Control Shaft, and the stroke that utilizes this group cam can drive jet pump and control valve device produces pump.

Such Control Shaft extends along the whole length of this large-scale diesel engine usually, takies a large amount of spaces, and bears sizable agency cost and complexity.In addition, because the opening and closing of the moment of injection beginning and termination and the outlet valve moment is all strictly preset by each cam, therefore to change these and just must spend huge cost and very complicated constantly.Yet for motor is moved by a kind of desirable working method, that is, make this motor under all operating conditionss, for example in full load, as far as possible by economical, efficient and energy-conservation mode is moved under sub load or the reversing damped condition, and this change needs.

In addition, these are exactly the reason that the large-scale diesel engine that why grows up does not now have Control Shaft (from traditional sense).Each hydraulic system can be by pre-control element, and for example precontrol valve drives, and this precontrol valve is driven by the electrical signal that comes from a centralized control unit simultaneously, by means of this hydraulic system, and course of injection, gas exchange process and the auxiliary system such as this start-up system can be worked.This centralized control unit is determined rotating speed and other possible status parameters of motor according to crank angle, for example ideal time separately at interval and the desirable fuel injection quantity separately and/or the opening time and the shut-in time of outlet valve, and these electrical signal are passed to each precontrol valve successively, drive relevant hydraulic system according to each precontrol valve of these signals.Electric liquid by this mutability jointly controls, and because the mechanical assistance connection set between each piston position and the driving element such as Injection Pump or stroke supply pump no longer exists, therefore course of injection and gas exchange process can be optimized by a simple mode, and can be used for all running statees of this large-scale diesel engine, and applicable to the various work cycle of this machinery.

Yet, in the large-scale diesel engine that this electro-hydraulic jointly controls, even also may carry out when this " normally " control system can not be controlled for the operation that makes motor, it is desirable to have an available emergency system, so for example be still controllable by the engine-driving boats and ships.

Such emergency system for example is described in EP-B-0701652.This emergency system jointly controls mode by pure electro-hydraulic and works.Like this, when normal operation by the control valve slide block of electrical signal location under any circumstance all be connected to can be by hydraulically powered first piston on.One second piston is relevant with each such first piston and be connected on this first piston by hydraulic rod.This second piston along be arranged on one with the Control Shaft of this bent axle rotation synchronously on camming movement and move.If it is automatically controlled normally that can not carry out this moment, then this emergency system is activated, and jointly controls the slide block of mode by this first piston drive control valve by cam-actuated second piston by mechanical-hydraulic.Therefore in case of emergency, switch to pure mechanical-hydraulic state of a control.Theoretically, the effect of this this mechanical-hydraulic control is identical with the control of the classical large-scale diesel engine of being controlled by Control Shaft and cam.But this emergency system is quite complicated and expensive.Therefore each driven control valve must provide independent mechanical-hydraulic emergence control, connecting pipeline and an auxiliary device that is driven by relevant hydraulic piston.This just means that this device and its structure have quite high complexity, thereby cost improves widely.

Summary of the invention

From such prior art, therefore the objective of the invention is to be used for an internal-combustion engine in order to provide a kind of, especially the device that electro-hydraulic jointly controls is carried out in the operation of a large-scale diesel engine, by means of this device, when normal control was failed, this motor also can move, and requires the cost of this device and complexity low as far as possible simultaneously, and compactedness is high as far as possible, and it is as far as possible little to take up room.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of internal-combustion engine that has this device in addition, so even this internal-combustion engine also can move under the situation of normal electro-hydraulic control failure.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides the device of the control signal that the operation that is used to produce the internal-combustion engine that an electro-hydraulic that has a bent axle is jointly controlled controls, in described internal-combustion engine, at least course of injection and gas exchange process are by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, comprise can driven each pre-control device makes these pre-control devices control the hydraulic system that is used for course of injection and gas exchange process to this hydraulic system by the electrical signal that comes from a control unit simultaneously; Described device comprises some control units that are provided with by the mode with the synchronous rotation of bent axle, and it is characterized in that: each signal of generation is an automatically controlled signal; And be provided with each sensor relevant with these control units, these sensors cooperate by following mode with these control units, and promptly each sensor sends a signal at a predetermined angle place of associated control unit; And the automatically controlled signal that is used for the controlling combustion engine operation can be produced by these signals.

Therefore according to the present invention, it provides a kind of and has been used to produce to having the internal-combustion engine of a bent axle, especially the device of the control signal that electro-hydraulic jointly controls is carried out in the operation of a large-scale diesel engine, in described internal-combustion engine, at least course of injection and gas exchange process are by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, this hydraulic system comprises each pre-control device that can be driven in such a way by the electrical signal from a control unit simultaneously, and promptly those pre-control devices are controlled the hydraulic system that is used for course of injection and gas exchange process.Each signal that is produced by this device is an automatically controlled signal.For this reason, this device comprises some control units that are provided with by the mode with the synchronous rotation of bent axle; And be provided with each sensor relevant with these control units, these sensors cooperate in such a way with these control units, be that each sensor sends a signal at a predetermined angle place of associated control unit, the automatically controlled signal that is used for the controlling combustion engine operation can be produced by these signals.

Therefore, the present invention is based on such thought, promptly the automatically controlled signal of Chan Shenging is to be produced by means of a device by crank-driven when the proper functioning by a control unit.For this reason, be provided with by crank-driven and with synchronous each control unit of rotation of bent axle.Like this, each control unit designs by this way and arranges, promptly at predetermined angular position place corresponding to the particular location of each piston (relatively work cycle), they trigger out each signal in each associated sensor, can be formed for each automatically controlled signal of the operation of controlling combustion engine from these signals.Control the pre-control device of each hydraulic system then with these automatically controlled signals.Therefore, even under the situation of normal electro-hydraulic control failure, automatically controlled signal desired and that be used for this hydraulic system can be provided by device of the present invention, so this internal-combustion engine remains stand-by state.If a this device and a large-scale diesel engine are made for one, critical activity state and normal operation are only just different greatly when mode that produces by the automatically controlled signal that is used for this hydraulic system and device so.Therefore do not need other hydraulic system, by this system, the complexity of this device and cost are all lower, and its compactedness is high and the saving space.For one six cylinder large-scale diesel engine, each control unit and sensor can be contained in the casing, and its longitudinal extension amount is no more than 20cm.

Each control unit and associated sensor preferably cooperatively interact non-contiguously, because this represents that this specific design is wear-resisting and reliable.

Optimize among the embodiment one, this device comprises: at least two axles by crank-driven and substantially parallel extension, and under any circumstance some control units all are arranged on this axle, and each is hard-wired to those control units relatively simultaneously.Be provided with three groups of control units, promptly first group is used to produce the electrical signal that makes injection beginning, and second group is used to produce the electrical signal that makes injection end, the 3rd group of electrical signal that is used to produce the control gas exchange process.Like this, the quantity of control unit is corresponding to the number of cylinders of this internal-combustion engine, so each cylinder provides three control units in one group.Therefore, a signal that makes injection beginning, one makes the signal of injection end and being enabled in of the signal that gas exchange process is used, especially an outlet valve all is to produce separately in any case concerning each cylinder.Because these axles are used to produce each control signal, and are not used in direct driving hydraulic system, so they can design very compactly, and axle is very short, typically has only several centimeter length.Concerning a large-scale diesel engine, its length for example can be less than 20cm.

Preferably first group and the 3rd group or second group and the 3rd group of control unit together are contained on one of diaxon, this just means and is used to make the control unit group of injection beginning on the one hand and is used to make the control unit of injection end to be assembled in different on the other hand.The advantage that this measure produces is to spray the duration, even the signal of injection beginning and make that the time lag is variable between the signal of injection end.For this reason, be preferably an axle is supported in such a way, promptly the integral body of this axle is around other longitudinal axis rotation, can be so spray the duration by a simple mode, and promptly by making one to set around another rotation.

According to an optimization embodiment, a gear is arranged on each axle, and two gears are identical basically and are engaged with each other.This diaxon is cranked arm by one and is interconnected in addition, so this two gear matched is as unit star driving wheel system of delegation.This structure of just representing this embodiment is very simple, like this, can guarantee that on the one hand this diaxon with identical speed rotation, can make a longitudinal axis around another do the pivoting rotation on the other hand, sprays the duration thereby can set.

Spray the duration in order to set, at this distolateral tooth that preferably is provided with of cranking arm, one the 3rd gear and the engagement of this tooth, therefore by means of the rotation of the 3rd gear, the integral body of an axle is done the pivoting rotation around another longitudinal axis.

For the pivoting rotation by this can not make the relative position of each associated relatively sensor of each control unit produce substantial variation, thus be in that pivoting rotates spool on relevant each sensor of each control unit preferably crank arm relatively and fixedly install.

Each control unit preferably all is designed to disc, these disks next-door neighbour axle is separately arranged, and in axial adjacent layout, especially adjacent two disks have identical distance, and each disk has an otch, during the disk rotation, when this otch passed through relevant sensor, it triggered out a signal.

According to the present invention, also provide a kind of that jointly control by electro-hydraulic and have an internal-combustion engine of a bent axle, comprise: the hydraulic system of controlling course of injection and gas exchange process at least, and hydraulic system comprises: can be by the electrical signal that comes from a control unit driven pre-control device, these pre-control device controls are used for each hydraulic system of course of injection and gas exchange process, it is characterized in that: the device that is provided with the control signal that a generation controls the operation of this internal-combustion engine, described device comprises some control units that are provided with by the mode with the synchronous rotation of bent axle, and each signal of generation is an automatically controlled signal; And be provided with each sensor relevant with these control units, these sensors cooperate by following mode with these control units, and promptly each sensor sends a signal at a predetermined angle place of associated control unit; And the automatically controlled signal that is used for the controlling combustion engine operation can be produced by these signals.

In the internal-combustion engine that jointly controls by electro-hydraulic of the present invention, be provided with a device that is used to produce electrical signal, this device can then produce the control signal that is used for hydraulic system in normal control when being interfered or failing, so but still maintenance operation of this internal-combustion engine.

In addition, the automatically controlled signal that start-up system is used preferably produces according to the signal of each sensor, so this internal-combustion engine also can be started by this emergency system.

Brief description

The present invention will be described in more detail with each accompanying drawing below with reference to each one exemplary embodiment.What each was not expressed in the accompanying drawing of mark cun numerical value is:

Fig. 1 is the sectional view by an one exemplary embodiment of internal-combustion engine of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the partial sectional view of the ejecting system of internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 4 is the partial sectional view of Gas Exchange Process of Internal Combustion Engine shown in Figure 1 system;

Fig. 5 is the longitudinal section by an example embodiment of internal-combustion engine of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the sectional elevation by device shown in Figure 5;

Fig. 7, the 8th, the schematic representation of the control unit of the described device of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is the schematic representation of control signal.

The description of embodiment

Fig. 1 represents the sectional view by an one exemplary embodiment of internal-combustion engine of the present invention, reference number 1 its integral body of expression.Fig. 2 represents a schematic representation for method of work that internal-combustion engine 1 clearly is described.This internal-combustion engine 1 is designed to two stroke cross hair style large-scale diesel engines of band lengthening scavenging.This motor for example can be used for Ship Propeling.This internal-combustion engine 1 is that mechanical-hydraulic jointly controls formula, this just means that this motor does not have traditional Control Shaft, but adopt the hydraulic system comprise each pre-control device to control at least fuel is sprayed into course of injection and gas exchange process in the cylinder, but the electrical signal that this pre-control device origin comes from a control unit 9 drives in such a way, and promptly they control the hydraulic system that is used for course of injection and gas exchange process.

Internal-combustion engine 1 has a bent axle 2, and this bent axle is by a crankshaft gear 2a and one and this crankshaft gear meshed gears 3 drivings one high pressure oil pump 4, and this oil pump makes high pressure fuel, and for example high fuel oils to 2000 crust flow through high-pressure oil passage 46 forward and enter oil trap 6.In addition, be provided with one and also can make a hydraulic medium by the pump 5 of bent axle 2 drivings, for example hydraulic oil flows into hydraulic pressure liquid trap 7 forward by pipeline 57.This oil trap 6 and liquid trap 7 are designed at any time along the tubular member of this motor extension.

This internal-combustion engine 1 has that a while is connected with liquid trap 7 with this oil trap 6 and according to common asphalt principle work and be used for that fuel oil is sprayed into the ejecting system of cylinder and one and have an air exchange system 20 that makes the outlet valve 21 that the combustion gas water conservancy diversion discharges each cylinder.This air exchange system 20 also links to each other with this liquid trap 7.For clarity sake, only show among Fig. 2 and be used in an ejecting system 10 and an air exchange system 20 in the cylinder under every kind of situation.

Jointly control for internal-combustion engine 1 is carried out electro-hydraulic, the pre-control device (this just mean that this pre-control valve 30 can be controlled by electrical signal) that is designed to the pre-control valve 30 of electromagnetism under any circumstance all is arranged in this ejecting system 10 and this air exchange system 20.When internal-combustion engine 1 normal operation, these electrical signal control units 9 pass to the pre-control valve 30 of this electromagnetism by signal transfer line S1.This ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 9 is transmitted circuit S2 by a signal and is further passed to a rotary angle transmitter 8 (shaft encoder), can determine rotating speed and the corner and the corresponding piston position of bent axle 2 by means of this sensor 8.For safety, two automatic rotary angle transmitters 8 are set usually.This rotary angle transmitter 8 is connected on this bent axle 2 with being driven, and for example it can be arranged on the axle by gear 3 drivings.Suitable is that this rotary angle transmitter 8 is by not shown actuator drives, so that it can be by the rotating speed rotation of motor.In addition, for each rotary angle transmitter 8 is provided with a reference sensor 8a, so that the synchronism between this bent axle 2 and this rotary angle transmitter 8 is followed the tracks of.According to the signal that receives from rotary angle transmitter 8, this control unit 9 is considered optimization time for spraying and emitted dose and the scavenging air valve that can determine single cylinder behind instantaneous load and the transient speed, for example the optimization of outlet valve starts constantly, therefore can give this pre-control valve 30 with electrical signal transfer, injection and ventilation be controlled like this.

Below the situation of a relative cylinder is resolved ejecting system 10, air exchange system 20 reaches the method for work of relevant hydraulic system.

In a large-scale diesel engine, each cylinder (referring to Fig. 2) typically can be provided with some, for example three oil sprayers 13.An injection apparatus 11 of being controlled in advance by pre-control valve 30 is set, and provides each oil sprayer 13 fuel oil.Among the described herein embodiment, each oil sprayer 13 is provided with an independent pre-control valve 30, yet also possible is with the some oil sprayers 13 of pre-control valve 30 common controls.

Fig. 3 partly schematically partly shows a kind of possible embodiment of the ejecting system 10 that has injection apparatus 11 with analysing and observe, and it comprises a control slide block 112 and a metering piston 111 that is designed to different pistons and limits formation one measuring cavity 117.Fuel oil is supplied with this injection apparatus 11 from oil trap 6, and high pressure oil pump 4 pumps into this oil trap 6 forward with fuel oil.One of one input channel, 113 branches remittance is guided in the passage 114 of these metering piston 111 rear sides, imports simultaneously in the main passage 115.In position shown in the control slide block 112, high pressure fuel can flow through the rear side that this passage 114 flows into this metering piston 111 on the one hand, can flow through this main passage 115 and on the other hand and flow into passage 118 and flow into this measuring cavity 117.Because difference in surface area, the metering piston 111 that both sides are full of oil pressure in the oil trap 6 moves to its final position.If this moment, this pre-control valve 30 received electrical signal from this control unit 9, this valve commutation so, thus hydraulic oil flows to from liquid trap 7 on the control piston 120 of this control slide block 112.Thereby this control slide block 112 moves upward as shown in the figure, at first closes this main passage 115 in movement process, opens the inlet of a supply lines 121 that leads to this oil sprayer 13 then.Fuel oil can flow out by a passage 119 from this measuring cavity 117 and flow into this supply lines 121 this moment.Thereby injection beginning.In order to stop spraying, this pre-control valve 30 receives an electrical signal again, and position shown in Figure 3 is got back in commutation.This control piston 120 discharges because of hydraulic medium flows out, and this control slide block 112 is pressed motion down shown in the figure, at first closes towards the inlet of this supply lines 121, has so just stopped injection.In continuation was descending, this control slide block 112 made this main passage 115 and extends into connecting between the flow channel 118 in this measuring cavity 117, flowed into this measuring cavity 117 thereby fuel oil can flow out from oil trap 6 again.

In addition, a sensing system 122 is set, this system can detect the position of metering piston 111, and it is passed to control unit 9.Utilize this electro-hydraulic to unite the ejecting system 10 of driving, can be according to the allotment of volume realization to fuel oil.

Part schematically with Fig. 4 of analysing and observe of part in, show a possible embodiment of the air exchange system 20 that has outlet valve 21, this outlet valve 21 has a valve body 27, this valve body 27 can open or the firing chamber of shifter cylinder and the outflow circuit determined by its position between connection.In illustrated embodiment, the actual driving of outlet valve 21 is by a kind of working oil different with hydraulic oil, and for example a kind of lubricant oil carries out.Produce mixing for fear of this two media, an isolation piston 23 is set, this piston can be separated from each other these two liquid fluid systems, and this just means that working oil is in a side of this isolation piston 23, and hydraulic oil is in opposite side.This isolation piston 23 is by a control piston 22 controls, and this control piston itself is controlled in advance by this pre-control valve 30.This isolation piston 23 is connected to by a connecting pipeline 25 on the driven plunger 26 of this valve body 27 of driving, and this connecting pipeline 25 is full of working oil and is used as hydraulic rod.This valve body 27 is compressed by a pneumatic spring 24 and is in its operating position.Consider at outlet valve 21 open periods, open, at first need bigger active force, so this driven plunger 26 is designed to a stepped shape piston for the pressure that makes these valve body 27 opposing combustion gas and pneumatic spring 24.After firing pressure disappears, only need less action force so that make this valve body be in full open position, or this valve body is remained on the enable possition respectively.

One working oil supply pipeline 28 is opened in the connecting pipeline 25 that feeds between isolation piston 23 and the driven plunger 26.Like this, working oil can flow into forward in the connecting pipeline 25 by an one-way valve by means of a pump 29.

In order to open outlet valve 21, control piston 22 can be placed position shown in Figure 4.Like this, because electrical signal passes over from electric control unit 9, therefore this pre-control valve 30 upper end face of commutating to control piston 22 among the figure is in the position of releasing state, and this just means that the hydraulic oil that exists in this position can flow out and flow among the return line R on this upper end face.Because the result of the spring-load effect that provides by a spring 22a, this control piston 22 upward to motion, enters position shown in Fig. 4 in the figure.Like this, the connection between the downside of hydraulic pressure liquid trap 7 and isolation piston 23 is opened, thus hydraulic oil makes progress this isolation piston 23 in figure direction motion.This motion passes to driven plunger 26 by the working oil in the connecting pipeline 25, makes this valve body 27 move to the enable possition then.

In order to close outlet valve, pre-control valve 30 commutates to the second place, connects in the formation between the upper end face of control piston 22 shown in hydraulic pressure liquid trap 7 and the figure of this valve of this position.This hydraulic oil flows out this hydraulic pressure liquid trap 7, and this end face is exerted pressure, and utilizes this pressure effect, and control piston 22 opposings are lived the elastic force of spring 22a along moving downward among the figure.By this motion, the connection closed between the downside of hydraulic pressure liquid trap 7 and isolation piston 23.Because the result of pneumatic spring 24 effects, driven plunger 26 is pressed towards motion, and makes working oil flow into connecting pipeline 25 in moving.Thereby by the effect of working oil, this isolation piston 23 is pressed along moving downward among the figure, and makes hydraulic fluid flow into return line R from its downside by control piston 22 in this moves.Because the effect of pneumatic spring as shown in Figure 4, makes this isolation piston 23 be in its extreme position.At this moment, till scavenging air valve is taken a breath, can refill by supply pipeline 28 and one-way valve next time, move to its initial position fully by this working oil isolation piston 23 because of the working oil of leaking and a unshowned continuous exhaust pneumatic wallop runs off.

In addition, be provided with one and have a measuring system, so that detect the motion of valve body 27 or position separately with system of many sensors.One corresponding measurement signal passes to ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 9, and this control unit can be according to the motion of this measurement signal identification valve body 27 value of corresponding ideal whether.Just in case there is deviation, this control unit 9 can be intervened, and for example stops fuel oil to spray into corresponding cylinder next time.Like this, can guarantee that for example a motor that has the n cylinder can keep making the operation of (n-1) cylinder.

Except that course of injection and gas exchange process, in the internal-combustion engine that an electro-hydraulic jointly controls, other the auxiliary system such as start-up system also can be carried out electro-hydraulic by pre-control valve and be jointly controlled.Then, connect or start air valve equally by control unit 9 controls, to the control corresponding device, this control gear drives the pneumatic system that this actuating valve is used with the electrical signal transfer of needs in this unit 9.

In proper functioning, the basic control function of large-scale diesel engine, for example spray and take a breath and all carry out electricity-liquid and jointly control by ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 9, this ECU (Electrical Control Unit) adapts automatically controlled pulse regulation to the instantaneous cyclic load with motor, and they are passed to affected separately precontrol valve at reasonable time point place, this time point is corresponding to concrete crank angle, also promptly corresponding to each position of piston.Disturb or cisco unity malfunction if exist this moment, for example this angle transducer 8 or all angles sensor 8 damage, then control unit 9 no longer can be exactly or can not be produced the signal that needs at all, in order to make this large-sized diesel function keep work, requires to be provided with an emergency system then.

Like this, be provided with the present invention's (Fig. 2) device 40 in an internal-combustion engine according to the present invention, this device produces the automatically controlled signal of precontrol valve 30 usefulness, and the cyclic load of this signal and motor adapts.Like this, this device 40 comprises some control unit 42a that rotate synchronously with

bent axle

2,42b, 42c (Fig. 5).Here " synchronously " means that the relative bent axle of each control unit is with identical rotating speed rotation, but may be meant that also its sense of rotation is identical or opposite with the sense of rotation of bent axle 2, bent axle 2 and separately the phase relationship between the control unit be a constant or can change by controlled way.

Sensor 43,43b and each control unit 42a, 42b, 42c link to each other, and in such a way with each control unit 42a, 42b, 42c cooperates, i.e. each sensor 43,43b sends a signal at each predetermined angular position place of the control unit that adapts with it.Produce the automatically controlled signal that is used for internal-combustion engine 1 operation according to these signals.Because the rotation of bent axle 2 and each single control unit 42a, 42b, synchronous result between the rotation of 42c, the angular orientation of mentioning in each case is all corresponding to crank angle, and also corresponding to the piston position of each cylinder, thus each signal that produces can be temporarily and the cyclic load of internal-combustion engine mate.

Below will be referring to the one exemplary embodiment of Fig. 5 and 6 detailed analyzers 40.Fig. 5 represents the longitudinal section by an one exemplary embodiment, and Fig. 6 represents the sectional elevation perpendicular to the latter.This one exemplary embodiment is designed for control six cylinder large-scale diesel engines, but the quantity of cylinder just plays exemplary effect.

This device comprises that a part is full of the housing 44 for the lubricant oil with good lubrication.Two axles of substantially parallel extension each other, promptly first 41a and second 41b are arranged in this housing 44.This first 41a can be rotated to support in the housing 44 and rotatably is fixedly attached on the bent axle 2 (referring to Fig. 2), thereby bent axle 2 drives first 41a.As symbol ground among Fig. 2 illustrates, first 41a for example by gear 3 crankshaft gear 2a be connected to by crank-driven spool on.As shown in Figure 2, if the diameter of gear 3 is different with the diameter of crankshaft gear 2a, then at the axle that drives by gear 3 with a driving gear (not shown) is set between first, so that make first 41a with the rotating speed rotation identical with bent axle 2.

Second 41b can be rotated to support on two and cranks arm on 45, and this is cranked arm and is arranged on this first 41a and goes up and axially-spaced, and begins to extend along the longitudinal axis direction that is substantially perpendicular to this first 41a from the latter.This first 41a also can be rotated to support on and cranks arm on 45.Two bent axle 41a, 41b crank arm by two and 45 interconnect.One gear 47a, 47b is connected to each 41a securely, on the 41b, with two crank arm one of 45 axially adjacent.Two gear 47a, the 47b design is substantially the same, and this just means that they have the identical number of teeth.Two gear 47a, 47b is meshing with each other, so first 41a passes through these gears 47a, 47b drives second 41b.Therefore, this diaxon 41a, the 41b rotational speed is identical but direction is opposite, shown in arrow among Fig. 6.Therefore gear 47a, 47b 45 forms planetary transmission system with adjacent cranking arm, and its middle gear 47a is a sun gear and gear 47b is a planet wheel.

Crank arm for two and 45 interconnect by a york piece 49 each other.

Be designed to disk 42a, 42b, the control unit of 42c is many axially to be arranged adjacent each other at two axle 41a, and on the 41b, always be in and crank arm between 45, and two adjacent disk 42a, 42b, the distance between the 42c is always identical.Those disks 42a, 42b, 42c are contained in respectively on separately axle 41a and the 41b securely.

Concerning each cylinder of this internal-combustion engine, three disk 42a under any circumstance, 42b, 42c is set to control unit, first disk 42a wherein is used to produce the electrical signal that makes each cylinder begin to spray, this second disk 42b is used to produce the electrical signal that makes injection end, and the 3rd disk is used to produce the electrical signal that is used to control gas exchange process.The sum of the first disk 42a constitutes one group of A, and the sum of the second disk 42b constitutes one group of B, and the total 42c of the 3rd disk constitutes one group of C.The quantity of each group disk and the cylinder number of motor are as many.Therefore in this one exemplary embodiment, at A, B, C respectively organize all has six disks under every kind of situation.

The A group and the C group that are used to course of injection and gas exchange process are begun are arranged on first 41a; And the B group is arranged on second 41b.

Some sensors 43 are arranged in this housing 44 in such a way, and promptly they form and are parallel to the row that first 41a extends.One independent sensor 43 is provided for each the disk 42a on this first 41a, 42c.These sensors 43 all face toward related with it disk 42a in each case or 42c is provided with, so the radially exterior boundary surface of disk 42a or 42c always moves through associated sensor 43.

One separated sensor 43b also links to each other with disk 42b on this second 41b in each case.These sensors 43b is contained in the york piece 49, and this york piece is cranked arm two and 45 is connected with each other, so each sensor 43b cranks arm relatively and 45 is arranged stationary.This sensor 43b be provided with again so that they all the disk 42b with associated is relative in each case.

As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, disk 42a, 42b, 42c and associated sensor 43,43b cooperatively interacts, and does not contact.This point will be described in the described one exemplary embodiment below.

Fig. 7 represents to be used to control the disk 42c of the 3rd group of disk C of gas exchange process.This disk 42c has one and extends in angle [alpha] and otch 50c that its border is made of two edges 51c.By means of a fixing device, screw 52 that stretches into a hole (in the screw in first 41a) for example, this disk 42c can be fixed on this first.This otch 50c is these screw 52 symmetries relatively.If this moment is during disk 42c rotation, this otch 50c is by corresponding sensor 43, then just produce a signal in this sensor, since synchronous between the rotation of the rotation of bent axle 2 and this first 41a, so the duration of this signal is corresponding with a crank angle range.

Each sensor 43,43b for example are designed to produce the inductance or the capacitance switch sensor of digital signal.If otch 50c rotation is by corresponding sensor 43, then this sensor produces for example signal " 1 ", otherwise produces signal " 0 ".This sensor 43 is identical with 43b all, and perhaps structure is similar.The sensor 43 of certain other design forms, 43b also is available, for example magnetic quantity transducer or optical sensor.In addition, various designs all are possible, and wherein the cooperation between control unit and each sensor produces by direct physics contact.

Be used to control first and second groups of disk A of course of injection, the disk 42a of B, 42b is designed to identical.Figure 8 illustrates such disk 42a, 42b.This disk 42a or 42b also have a kerf 50, and when along the circumferential direction seeing, this otch 50 is shorter than the otch 50c among the disk 42c.This otch 50 is designed to a gap of radially extending.In this gap, have one and extend into relevant axle 41a or the screw 52 in the hole among the 41b, and this disk 42a, 42b is fixed on the corresponding axle by this screw 52.During rotation, when otch 50 during by corresponding sensor 43, triggering for generating one pulse form signal in sensor, the transient wave of this pulse signal and decline ripple are corresponding to a concrete crank angle, since between the rotation of the rotation of bent axle 2 and this first or second 41a or 41b synchronously, so they are also corresponding to concrete piston position.

Can draw only two kinds of dissimilar disks of needs from above-mentioned parsing, promptly a kind of is the disk 42a that is used for course of injection (injection beginning and termination), and 42b, another kind are the disk 42c that is used for gas exchange process.On structure, this is very favorable.Belong to disc set A, each disk that B or C are a group under any circumstance all is identical, but they are installed on separately axle 41a or the 41b with different angular orientations respectively.This point describes in the mode of demonstration with reference to the disc set A that is used for injection beginning, supposes that simultaneously the injection that sprays in the cylinder begins when piston is in upper dead center.But, can resolve by similar mode other discharge time points.

The signal of first cylinder is produced by the disk 42a of this disc set A, this disk 42a its angle position relatively is arranged on this 41a in such a way, promptly when the piston of first cylinder just had been in its upper dead center, otch 50 moved through relevant sensor 43 by the pulse triggering mode.Next disk 42a is arranged on this first 41a, and relatively this first rotate an angle in such a way, promptly when the piston of associated cylinder just had been in its upper dead center, its otch moved through relevant sensor 43 by the pulse triggering mode, or the like can the rest may be inferred.

Therefore the disk 42b that is used for second group of disk B of injection end is arranged on second 41b in a similar fashion, under any circumstance all produces in sensor 43b, sprays into course of injection in the associated cylinder by means of this pulse termination.Among the first disk 42a and trigger the otch 50 and the corresponding second disk 42b of the pulse be used for injection beginning and trigger relative angle difference between the pulse otch 50 of the injection end that is used for same cylinder, be identified for the injection duration of this cylinder by this time difference corresponding to a time difference.Spraying the duration can set by following mode.

At least when urgency, gas exchange process control in such a way typically, the i.e. motion of valve body 27 (Fig. 4) are the lower dead centre symmetries of each piston relatively.In this case, the disk 42c of the 3rd group of C under any circumstance is arranged on first 41a in such a way, promptly just in time when the piston of the cylinder that belongs to a disk 42c is in its lower dead centre, the screw 52 of this disk 42a is in the position relative with relevant sensor 43.

To actual conditions, it is desirable to that this injection duration is variable when urgency is worked.This point can be realized that the disc set A that wherein is used for injection beginning and injection end installs different axle 41a with B, on the 41b by the device of describing of the present invention 40 in this paper one exemplary embodiment; And second 41b supports in such a way, and promptly this integral body is hinged around the longitudinal axis of this first 41a.Like this, under any circumstance crank arm and 45 all design as a gear, promptly arc and in a part that is provided with the gear of tooth 461 near the end surfaces place of this second 41b.

Two other is connected to one and is arranged essentially parallel to diaxon 41a, gear 60 and this gear 461 engagements on the 41b extend the 3rd 61.Extend housing 44 for the 3rd 61, therefore can be from the outside by manual rotation or by the drive unit rotary driving.If the 3rd 61 rotation, then second 42b integral body is around first 41a supporting rotation.Rotatablely move around supporting by this, be used for the disk 42a of first group of disc set A of injection beginning and the relative angular position that is used between the respective circular disks 42b of second group of disc set B of injection end and change.This just changes corresponding to spraying the duration.

Be used for the disk 42a of first group of disc set A of injection beginning and the disk 42b that is used for second group of disc set B of injection end and be installed in separately axle 41a in such a way, on the 41b, promptly when cranking arm 45 when mediating, the pulse that is used for injection beginning and injection end under any circumstance all is to trigger in the identical time (spraying the duration is 0).In all situations as shown in Figure 6, crank arm 45 when it mediates, its direction orientates that the last lower wall of relative housing 44 is parallel as, and this just means three axle 41a, and 41b, 61 mid point are in always on the line.In this case, can not produce injection.The desirable sense of rotation that depends on motor for example depends on promptly also that boats and ships travel forward or motion backward, cranks arm 45, also promptly second 41b by means of the 3rd 61 around supporting upwards (as shown in Figure 6) or be rotated down, as among the figure by shown in the double-head arrow D.So just in the pulse that is used for injection beginning be used for forming a time difference between the coherent pulse of injection end, promptly form a limited injection duration.By the amplification that rotatablely moves around supporting, this injection duration can be changed, so according to load different (being full load or sub load) can be set a suitable injection duration.The rotating amount of 45 rotating range of cranking arm can reach for example 30 °.

The 45 static settings because the sensor 43b that is used for disk 42b cranks arm relatively promptly are arranged in the york piece 49, and then the distance between disk 42b and the sensor 43b also remains constant during this second 41b rotation.

Viewpoint from structure, what the signal that is used for difference cylinder and burst length were preferably in each disk of belonging to mutually on the same group in proper order mainly is to determine by relative angular orientation in any case, that is to say by screw 52 is engaged on wherein each hole to be arranged on a 41a, among the 41b and determine.Therefore installing 40 can be by very simple mode, promptly by the corresponding 41a that is arranged in the hole that each is used for screw 52, on the 41b, matches at interval with any amount of cylinder and desirable igniting.

Nature, also may each control unit be designed to anti-disk by identical mode, this just means in anti-disk and replaces above-mentioned disk 42a with the pulse triggering convex body, 42b, pulse triggering otch among the 42c, when relevant sensor is passed through in these anti-disk rotations, those pulse triggering convex body triggering for generating one signals.

According to used sensor 43, the type of 43b, or the output signal of their generations, the signal of representing with its output form can be used as automatically controlled signal and is directly passed to corresponding precontrol valve 30, be used to drive this hydraulic system, for example wherein each sensor 43 or the 43b of A group or B group are connected respectively on this precontrol valve 30, this precontrol valve control has sensor 43 or 43b to be connected respectively to the course of injection of the cylinder on it, each is connected each sensor 30 of C group with precontrol valve 30, the gas exchange process of the cylinder that these precontrol valve 30 may command and this sensor 43 are relevant.Yet an emergency control unit 9a also can be set, this unit 9a-as shown in Figure 2-can combine with control unit 9 or can be designed to a unit that structurally separates.Sensor 43 then, and 43b passes to this produced or be provided for the automatically controlled signal of controlling combustion engine from these signals emergency control unit 9a with their signal, and these signals are offered relevant pre-control valve 30.Therefore according to used type of sensor, this emergency control unit 9a is necessary sensor signal is amplified or handled by different modes, so that therefrom the control signal of Chan Shenging can drive relevant pre-control valve 30.

For clarity sake, Fig. 9 in four curve diagrammatic sketch with exemplary mode show can utilize of the present invention one the device by means of making disk 42a, 42b, 42c is with 43 rotations of relevant sensor and produce, and is used for automatically controlled signal that a boats and ships four cylinder engine is controlled.Those the signal shown in vertical axis L the right with just change (moving ahead) relevant, and those are at signal shown in the vertical axis L left side and reverse relevant (row afterwards).Under any circumstance horizontal axis KW represents crank angle.Label OTn (n=1,2,3,4) represents " upper dead center, cylinder number n ", and this just means that the piston of cylinder n is in its upper dead center at this crank angle place.UT1 represents crank angle, and in this corner, the piston of first cylinder is in its lower dead centre.

Article one, (promptly uppermost) graphical representation is used to drive the control signal of first cylinder exhaust valve 21, and this signal produces by means of one of disk 42c of disc set C.This outlet valve 21 utilizes a rising signals ripple to open, and utilizes a decline signal wave to close.The relative lower dead centre symmetry of this motion takes place.The crank angle range that outlet valve 21 is opened stems from the angular extensions alpha that otch 50c (Fig. 7) extends in disk 42c.

The second curve representation is used to make the pulse form signal that sprays into the injection beginning in this first cylinder, and this signal produces by means of one of disk 42a of first group of disk A.Article three, curve representation is used to make the pulse form signal that sprays into the injection end in this first cylinder, and this signal produces by means of one of disk 42b of second group of disk B.Under any circumstance injection beginning and injection end all occur in the rising signals ripple place of coherent pulse.The pulse of injection beginning is triggered at the top dead center of piston.Spraying duration ED is determined by time difference or differential seat angle between the pulse of the pulse of injection beginning and injection end respectively.This difference as toply illustrated that works and be determined.

Article four, to be used for the other automatically controlled signal of start-up system be how according to sensor 43 to () curve representation, the signal of 43b produces, or expression sensor 43, how the signal of 43b is used, so that drive the startup air valve that this can carry out the pre-control of electricity, be used for the startup air is introduced cylinder.In this plotted curve, thereby the crank angle range that the unlatching of the startup air valve of n cylinder makes the startup air enter this cylinder is represented by ALn (n=1,2,3,4).Can utilize the pulse decline ripple of the injection beginning of this n cylinder for the startup air valve of opening the n cylinder.In order to close the startup air valve, the ascending wave of this signal is used to drive the outlet valve of this n cylinder, and this just means that closing of this startup air valve is to be triggered by the signal wave same signal ripple with the unlatching of the outlet valve of the same cylinder of control.The automatically controlled signal ripple that this start-up system is used for example passes to relevant pre-control valve by emergency control unit 9a.

In order to make engine inversion, the engine ignition order that will be used for just changeing gets final product conversely.If for example the ignition order of each cylinder is 1-3-2-4-1-when just changeing ..., the ignition order when reversing so is 1-4-2-3-1-...

In multi-cylinder engine, can adopt different ignition orders to the cylinder of giving determined number.By sensor 43, the conversion of the coherence between 43b and each cylinder, the ignition order that can realize ideal with device 40 of the present invention.Also may change ignition order particularly by the variation of this coherence.

Therefore the invention provides a kind of device, by means of this device, the automatically controlled signal that utilizes control unit and relevant sensor to rotate can to produce the internal-combustion engine, particularly a large-scale diesel engine that are used to an electric liquid is jointly controlled to move.Therefore, jointly control when being interfered at normal electric liquid, can utilize device of the present invention to produce the needed automatically controlled signal of power unit, and offer pre-control device, so this internal-combustion engine can continue operation, thereby can make for example boats and ships maintenance navigation that advances by a large-scale diesel engine of the present invention.

Claims

1. be used to produce the device of the control signal that the operation of the internal-combustion engine that an electro-hydraulic that has a bent axle is jointly controlled controls, in described internal-combustion engine, at least course of injection and gas exchange process are by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, comprise can driven each pre-control device (30) makes these pre-control devices control the hydraulic system that is used for course of injection and gas exchange process to this hydraulic system by the electrical signal that comes from a control unit (9) simultaneously; Described device (40) comprises that (42a, 42b 42c), is characterized in that: each signal of generation is an automatically controlled signal to some control units that are provided with by the mode with the synchronous rotation of bent axle (2); And be provided with and these control units (42a, 42b, 42c) relevant each sensor (43,43b), these sensors cooperate by following mode with these control units, promptly each sensor (43,43b) at associated control unit (42a, 42b, predetermined angle place 42c) sends a signal; And the automatically controlled signal that is used for the controlling combustion engine operation can be produced by these signals.

2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: control unit (42a, 42b, 42c) and associated sensor (43,43b) cooperate non-contiguously mutually.

3. install as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise at least driving also two axle (41a of substantially parallel extension by bent axle (2), 41b), and every axle all has some control units, and (42a, 42b 42c) are provided with on it, and each control unit (42a, 42b, 42c) (41a, 41b) fixed installation of axle relatively separately.

4. install as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: three groups of (A are set, B, C) control unit (42a, 42b, 42c), promptly first group (A) is used to produce the electrical signal that makes injection beginning, second group (B) is used to produce the electrical signal that makes injection end, and the 3rd group (C) is used to produce the electrical signal of control gas exchange process.

5. as device as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: first group and the 3rd group (A C) is arranged on one of this diaxon (41a) together.

6. as device as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: a described axle (41b) supports in such a way, and promptly this axle integrally can pivot around the longitudinal axis of another (41a).

7. as device as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that: at each axle (41a, one gear (47a is set 41b), 47b), and this two gear (47a, 47b) substantially the same and be meshing with each other, this diaxon (41a, 41b) by one crank arm (45) interconnect, so (47a 47b) is combined into delegation unit star driving wheel system to two gears.

8. as device as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that: these crank arm (45) one distolaterally have a tooth (461), one the 3rd gear (60) and this tooth engagement, so pass through the rotation of the 3rd gear (60), the integral body of one (41b) can pivot around the longitudinal axis of another (41a).

9. as device as described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: each sensor (43b) relevant with each control unit (42b) on being arranged on this pivoting axle (41b) these crank arm (45) relatively fixedly installs.

10. as device as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: each control unit all is designed to disc (42a, 42b, 42c), disk axially relatively separately axle (41a, 41b) adjacent one another are, adjacent disk is all at a distance of identical distance, and each disk (42a, 42b, 42c) have a kerf (50,50c), at this disk (42a, 42b is 42c) during the rotation, when the sensor (43 of this otch by being correlated with, in the time of 43b), it triggers out a signal.

11. one kind that jointly controlled by electro-hydraulic and have an internal-combustion engine of a bent axle, comprise: the hydraulic system of controlling course of injection and gas exchange process at least, and hydraulic system comprises: can be by the electrical signal that comes from a control unit (9) driven pre-control device (30), these pre-control device controls are used for each hydraulic system of course of injection and gas exchange process, it is characterized in that: the device (40) that is provided with the control signal that a generation controls the operation of this internal-combustion engine, described device (40) comprises some control unit (42a that are provided with by the mode with the synchronous rotation of bent axle (2), 42b, 42c), each signal of generation is an automatically controlled signal; And be provided with and these control units (42a, 42b, 42c) relevant each sensor (43,43b), these sensors cooperate by following mode with these control units, promptly each sensor (43,43b) at associated control unit (42a, 42b, predetermined angle place 42c) sends a signal; And the automatically controlled signal that is used for the controlling combustion engine operation can be produced by these signals.

12. as internal-combustion engine as described in the claim 11, it is characterized in that: also comprise an emergency control unit (9a), this emergency control unit can this electro-hydraulic jointly control be interfered during from each sensor (43, produce the automatically controlled signal be used for the controlling combustion engine operation in signal 43b) and each automatically controlled signal offered each pre-control device (30).

13. as internal-combustion engine as described in one of claim 11 or 12, it is characterized in that: this emergency control unit (9a) also can produce the automatically controlled signal that is used for this start-up system according to the signal of each sensor.