CN110915895A - Longan spray drying process method - Google Patents
Longan spray drying process method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915895A CN110915895A CN201911317647.6A CN201911317647A CN110915895A CN 110915895 A CN110915895 A CN 110915895A CN 201911317647 A CN201911317647 A CN 201911317647A CN 110915895 A CN110915895 A CN 110915895A
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- longan
- spray
- process method
- drying process
- enzymolysis
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B7/026—Spray-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B7/022—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution with addition of chemicals before or during drying, e.g. semi-moist products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/10—Preserving against microbes
Abstract
The invention discloses a longan spray drying process method, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a suspension; s2, preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution; s3, spray drying setting; and S4, collecting the dried longan powder product. Compared with the prior art, the air inlet temperature control device not only provides the set parameters of the air inlet temperature, but also further provides the parameters of the peristaltic flow. In addition, the invention comprehensively considers the synergistic effect among the inlet air temperature, the peristaltic flow and the feeding concentration, and makes great contribution to further improving the drying effect and the drying efficiency. The longan spray drying process method also adopts pectinase and cellulase to carry out enzymolysis on the crushed pulp under the conditions of water bath heating or ultrasonic heating, so that the nutritional ingredients of the original pulp can be well maintained, and meanwhile, the treatment method has the advantage of high efficiency. The auxiliary drying agent used in the longan spray drying process method comprises maltodextrin, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to a longan spray drying process method.
Background
The research and development of spray drying technology in China has been more than 30 years old, and the spray drying technology is widely applied to various industries at present, and is expanded to various industrial production of food, chemistry, forestry, chemical fertilizer, medicine, metallurgy and the like from the production of a few products such as dairy products, dyes and the like in the early stage.
Prior art in the prior artThe spray drying method is adopted by people to dry the longan, for example, when the spray drying method is adopted by Sudong and other people to research the influence of process conditions on the physicochemical characteristics of the instant longan powder, the fact that the air inlet temperature and the hot air flow have obvious influence on the physicochemical characteristics of the longan powder is shown. The water content of the instant longan powder can be reduced from 5.33% to 3.12% by increasing the inlet air temperature and the hot air flow, and the dissolving time is also increased from 17s to 47 s; bulk density from 0.258 g/mL-1Increased to 0.328 g/mL-1When the air inlet temperature or the hot air flow is increased, the glass transition temperature of the instant longan powder can be increased from 38.57 ℃ to 46.87 ℃, and the storage stability of the product can be correspondingly improved.
However, the technical scheme lacks of more deep research on longan spray drying process methods and influences on synergistic effects among longan spray drying factors, so that a drying process method which has high raw material nutrition retention, good drying effect and high production efficiency is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects and shortcomings and provides a longan spray drying process method with high nutrition retention, good drying effect and high production efficiency.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary drying agent for longan spray drying process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting soluble solids for use in a spray drying process of longan.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the longan spray drying process method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing turbid liquid: carrying out enzymolysis treatment on arillus longan to obtain a soluble solid extract, putting the extract into water, and preparing into a suspension with a feed concentration of 15-25%; wherein the feed concentration is mass concentration;
s2, preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the turbid liquid, and stirring for 30-60 min to obtain a uniform mixed liquid;
s3, spray drying setting: atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the inlet air temperature to be 165-175 ℃, and setting the peristaltic flow to be 8-20 m3Drying for 4-6 h;
and S4, collecting the dried longan powder product.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the feeding concentration in the step S1 is 18-22%; in the step S3, the inlet air temperature is 168-172 ℃, and the peristaltic flow is 10-15 m3The drying time is 4.5-5.5 h.
The auxiliary drying agent applied to the longan spray drying process is the auxiliary drying agent in the step S2, and the specific components comprise maltodextrin, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid; the components are respectively as follows by mass percent: 9-12% of maltodextrin, 0.5-1.25% of Arabic gum, 0.1-0.4% of sodium alginate, 0.2-1.6% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.02-0.08% of citric acid.
According to a further technical scheme of the invention, the addition amount of the maltodextrin is 10-12%, and the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.05-0.07%.
The method for extracting the soluble solid applied to the longan spray drying process specifically comprises the step of carrying out enzyme extraction treatment in step S1, wherein the enzyme extraction adopts a method that the mass ratio is 3: 1, the enzymolysis time is 30-180 min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 30-60 ℃.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the enzyme extraction is carried out under the heating condition of water bath or ultrasonic.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises the step of inactivating enzyme for 30min at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ after enzyme extraction.
As a further technical solution of the present invention, step S4 further comprises cooling and preserving the longan powder.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the stirring mode is high-speed stirring, and the stirring speed is 800 r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the air inlet temperature control device not only provides the setting of the air inlet temperature, but also further provides the parameter of the peristaltic flow. In addition, the invention comprehensively considers the synergistic effect among the inlet air temperature, the peristaltic flow and the feeding concentration, and makes great contribution to further improving the drying effect and the drying efficiency.
The longan pulp belongs to a high-sugar product, has high viscosity, is beneficial to enzymolysis of longan juice after soaking treatment, and can improve the content of soluble solid matters. The pectase and the cellulase are adopted to carry out enzymolysis on the minced pulp under the water bath heating or ultrasonic heating condition, so that the nutritional ingredients of the original pulp can be well maintained, and meanwhile, the treatment method has the advantage of high efficiency.
In addition, in order to improve the drying effect of longan spray drying and be beneficial to the dispersion of powder particles of finished products, the invention is added with an auxiliary drying agent, and the components of the auxiliary drying agent comprise maltodextrin, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid. In addition, the auxiliary drying agent is provided with a specific optimized mass proportion, which is not only beneficial to improving the drying effect, but also can improve the taste of the longan powder finished product.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of a glucose standard curve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of vitamin C standards in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a total polyphenol standard in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a standard curve diagram of total flavonoids according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of a protein standard curve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained and illustrated by the following specific examples, which should be understood that the following embodiments are for the purpose of making the technical solution of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, and do not limit the scope of the claims.
Materials and methods
Materials used in the present invention include: gaozhou longan (produced in Gaozhou Fengsheng food Co., Ltd.), pectinase (food grade), cellulase (food grade), maltodextrin (food grade), sodium alginate (food grade), Arabic gum (food grade), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (food grade) and citric acid (food grade).
The equipment used in the invention comprises: YC-015 laboratory spray dryer, automatic constant temperature refractometer, constant temperature water bath, ultrasonic cleaner, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and thousandth balance.
The reagents used in the present invention include: sodium hydroxide, sodium potassium tartrate, 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid, phenol, rutin standard substance, hydrochloric acid, glucose, ascorbic acid, Coomassie brilliant blue and bovine serum albumin (all of which are analytically pure).
Index measuring method
The soluble solid content was measured using an automatic thermostatted refractometer.
The total sugar and reducing sugar content was determined according to the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid can be reduced into 3-amino-5-nitro salicylic acid with red brown by reducing sugar when being heated under alkaline condition. Within a certain content range, the amount of reducing sugar and the shade of the color of the 3-amino-5-nitro salicylic acid are in a direct proportion relationship, the sugar has a maximum absorption value at a wavelength of 540nm, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer is used for measuring the absorbance value of a sample at the wavelength, and the content of the total sugar and the content of the reducing sugar in the sample can be respectively calculated according to a glucose standard curve. When calculating the polysaccharide content, the total sugar value should be multiplied by a factor of 0.9. Because the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to monosaccharides requires the addition of one molecule of water for breaking one glycosidic bond.
The content of the vitamin C is determined according to the content of the vitamin C in five kinds of fruits and vegetables determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Because the vitamin C is unstable under alkaline conditions, can absorb ultraviolet rays, has maximum absorption at 243.0nm, measures the absorbance of the sample liquid and the sample liquid after alkali treatment, calculates the difference between the two values, and calculates according to a vitamin C standard curve equation, the amount of the vitamin C contained in the sample liquid can be calculated.
The total polyphenol content is determined by FoLin-Ciocalteu phenol method. The polyphenol can specifically react with the FoLin-Ciocalteu reagent, and under the alkaline condition, the phosphotungstic molybdic acid can be reduced to blue due to the reducibility of the polyphenol, and the shade of the blue is in positive correlation with the content of the polyphenol. The reaction product had a maximum absorption at 765 nm. Within a certain concentration range, the light absorption value and the polyphenol amount form a linear relation. And (4) measuring the light absorption value of the sample to be measured, and calculating through a standard curve equation to obtain the polyphenol content in the sample to be measured.
The content of total flavone is determined by spectrophotometry. The flavonoids generally have carbonyl groups at the 4-position and are all yellow. The hydroxyl contained in the aluminum salt can carry out complex reaction with the aluminum salt under the alkaline condition; a red complex was formed. The generated complex has maximum absorption at 510nm wavelength, the light absorption value is measured at the wavelength, and compared with a rutin standard substance, the total flavone content in the substance to be measured is measured according to a standard curve.
Protein content was determined using Coomassie brilliant blue (G-250) colorimetry. Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye liquor which is brownish red in a free state. Hydrophobic groups contained in the protein-dye conjugate are combined with proteins through hydrophobic effect under acidic conditions to form blue protein-dye conjugates, and the substances have maximum absorbance at 595 nm. Within a certain protein concentration range, the absorbance of the protein-pigment conjugate at 595nm is in a direct relationship with the content of the protein. And calculating according to a protein standard curve equation to obtain the content of the protein in the sample to be detected.
And (4) measuring the total acid content by adopting an acid-base titration method. According to the acid-base neutralization principle, acid in the alkali liquor is titrated, a sample is titrated by taking phenolphthalein as an indicator, the titration end point is determined, and the total acid content in the food is calculated according to the consumption of alkali liquor.
The longan powder collecting rate of the longan powder is obtained by collecting and weighing the longan powder in the spray drying cyclone separator and the collecting bottle, and the soluble solid content of the feeding material before the spray drying is measured, so that the powder collecting rate of the spray drying is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: powder collection quality/feed soluble solid content x 100%
Evaluation of sensory values
Minor modifications to "hygienic Standard for solid beverages" in GB7101-2015 gave sensory scoring criteria for dry longan juice powder, see Table 1. Selecting 4 men and women with normal organoleptic properties respectively, and evaluating the organoleptic value of the longan fruit juice powder.
TABLE 1 sensory value scoring sheet
Determination of dissolution time: 0.5g of longan powder is weighed, 50mL of 25 ℃ distilled water is added, the dissolution is accelerated by stirring, and the time required for complete dissolution of the longan powder from the beginning is recorded.
And (3) detecting bacteria: the total number of colonies is detected according to the national standard GB 47892-2016; detecting the escherichia coli by referring to national standard GB 4789.3-2016; the moulds were tested by reference to the first method of the national standard GB 4789.15-2016 mould and yeast plate count method.
The invention applies Uniform Design 3.0, Design expert8.0.6, Premium 5.0, SPSS20.0 and origin2017 test data processing software to Design and statistically analyze data.
Data for the examples of the invention were divided into 3 levels, where a level: the inlet air temperature is 165 ℃ and the peristaltic flow is 8m3H, the feed concentration is 15%; b level: the inlet air temperature is 170 ℃ and the peristaltic flow is 13m3H, the feed concentration is 20%; c level: the inlet air temperature is 175 ℃, and the peristaltic flow is 20m3Feed concentration was 25%. In the embodiment, A, B or C represents specific values, for example, the air inlet speed A represents 165 ℃ and the peristaltic flow B representsShowing a peristaltic flow of 13m3/h。
Example 1
In this example 1, 20g of longan pulp is first taken, soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then added with 180m L water, crushed by a crusher, and subjected to enzymolysis with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated at 90 ℃ for 30min, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the content of Total Soluble Solids (TSS) is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and putting the extracted soluble solids into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration at the level B. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 30min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 11 percent of maltodextrin, 1 percent of acacia, 0.2 percent of sodium alginate, 0.8 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.06 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be A level and the peristaltic flow to be A level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 2
In this example 2, 20g of longan pulp is first taken, soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then added with 180m L water, crushed by a crusher, and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare suspension with the feed concentration of B level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 40min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 11 percent of maltodextrin, 1.25 percent of acacia, 0.4 percent of sodium alginate, 0.2 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.02 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be A level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 6 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 3
In this example 3, 20g of longan pulp is first taken, soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then added with 180m L water, crushed by a crusher, and subjected to enzymolysis with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare suspension with the feed concentration of B level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 50min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 9 percent of maltodextrin, 0.5 percent of Arabic gum, 0.1 percent of sodium alginate, 1.4 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.07 percent of citric acid which account for the mass percent of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be C level and the peristaltic flow to be A level, and drying for 4 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 4
In this example 4, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare suspension with the feed concentration of B level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be C level and the peristaltic flow to be C level, and drying for 4.5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 5
In this example 5, 20g of longan pulp is first taken, soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then added with 180m L water, crushed by a crusher, and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of A level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be B level and the peristaltic flow to be A level, and drying for 5.5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 6
In this example 6, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of A level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be B level and the peristaltic flow to be C level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 7
In this example 7, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of C level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be B level and the peristaltic flow to be A level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 8
In this example 8, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of C level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be B level and the peristaltic flow to be C level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 9
In this example 9, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of A level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be A level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 6 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 10
In this example 10, 20g of longan pulp is first taken, soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then added with 180m L water, and crushed by a crusher, and the mixture is subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare suspension with the feed concentration of B level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be C level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 11
In this example 11, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of C level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be A level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 12
In this example 12, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12 hours, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare a suspension with the feed concentration of C level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be C level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
Example 13
In this example 13, 20g of longan pulp is first soaked in 100m L water for 12h, then 180m L water is added, and the mixture is crushed by a crusher and subjected to enzymolysis simultaneously with pectinase and cellulase at a ratio of 3: 1. The enzymolysis time is 30min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 60 ℃. After the enzymolysis treatment is finished, enzyme is inactivated for 30min at 90 ℃, filtrate is collected by 200-mesh filtration, and the TSS content is measured by an automatic constant temperature refractometer (20 ℃).
Then, preparing a suspension: and (3) placing the TSS extracted by enzymolysis into water to prepare suspension with the feed concentration of B level. Preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the suspension, and stirring for 45min by using a stirrer at the stirring speed of 800r/min to obtain a uniform mixed solution. Wherein the auxiliary drying agent comprises 10 percent of maltodextrin, 0.8 percent of Arabic gum, 0.3 percent of sodium alginate, 0.5 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.04 percent of citric acid in percentage by mass of the mixed solution.
Then, a spray drying setting is performed: and (3) atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the air inlet temperature to be B level and the peristaltic flow to be B level, and drying for 5 hours.
And finally, collecting the dried longan powder product, cooling and storing.
The powder collecting rate and sensory value of the longan powder product are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 powder pickup and sensory values for examples 1 to 13
The sensory evaluation value and the powder collection rate in the table 2 show that the feeding concentration, the inlet air temperature and the peristaltic flow are all in the level B, the effect is better, the powder collection rate is 59.34%, and the sensory value reaches 86.25.
And (4) carrying out nutrient component determination on the raw material longan dry and the spray-dried finished longan powder, and carrying out bacteria detection. The results are as follows: total sugar and reducing sugar content
As shown in fig. 2, the linear equation is: y-0.7625 x-0.0258, R2＝0.9951
The corresponding sugar content (mg/ml) was calculated according to the standard curve by measuring according to the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and the mass fraction of total sugar in the sample was calculated according to the following formula:
total sugar% (A1 XV 1 XN/m) × 0.9X 100%
In the formula: a1 glucose concentration (mg/mL) calculated from the standard curve; v1 is the total volume of total sugar extract in the sample; n is the dilution multiple of the sample; and m is the mass (mg) of the sample.
Calculating the content (mg/ml) of corresponding reducing sugar according to a standard curve, and calculating the mass fraction of the reducing sugar in the sample according to the following formula:
reducing sugar% (A2 XV 2X 2/m) × 100%
In the formula: a2 glucose concentration (mg/ml) calculated from the standard curve; v2 is the total volume of reducing sugar extract in the sample; and m is the mass (mg) of the sample.
Content of vitamin C
As shown in fig. 3, the linear equation for vitamin C is: 0.42483x-0.00189, R2＝0.99505
Measuring according to the content of vitamin C in five fruits and vegetables measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; after the difference between the two absorbances is calculated, the content of the vitamin C (mg/100g) can be calculated according to a standard curve equation:
vitamin C content ═ C × VGeneral assembly×VTo-be-tested assembly×100)/(V1×WGeneral assembly×1000)。
In the formula: c is the concentration of vitamin C calculated from a standard curve equation, ug/ml; v1Absorbing the volume of the sample solution in ml when measuring the absorbance; vGeneral assemblyIn order to suck a sample to fix the volume of the total volume, namely ml; vTo be measuredThe total volume of the sample to be detected is ml; wGeneral assemblyIs sample mass, g.
Total polyphenol content
As shown in fig. 4, the linear equation is: 0.00333x +0.00125, R2＝0.99926
The total phenol content was determined by the FoLin-Ciocalteu phenol method.
Total flavone content
As shown in FIG. 5, the standard curve of flavone, linear equation, is: 0.03751x-0.01162, R2＝0.99562
Spectrophotometry is used to determine the content of total flavonoids.
Protein content
As shown in fig. 6, the protein standard curve, the linear equation, is: 0.00547x +0.00995, R2＝0.99624。
Calculating the corresponding protein content (ug/ml) on the standard curve according to the absorbance of the measured sample extract, and calculating according to the following formula: protein content (ug/g) ═ m0×V)/(m×V0)。
In the formula: m is0The mass (ug) of the protein is checked from the standard curve according to the absorbance of the sample to be detected; v is total volume (ml) of the extract; m is the sample mass (g) to be weighed; v0To determine the volume (ml) of the extract used.
Total acid content
And (4) measuring the total acid content by adopting an acid-base titration method.
According to the acid-base neutralization principle, acid in the alkali liquor is titrated, a sample is titrated by taking phenolphthalein as an indicator, the titration end point is determined, and the total acid content in the food is calculated according to the consumption of alkali liquor.
Bacterial detection
And (3) respectively carrying out colony total number, escherichia coli and mould detection on the longan powder, wherein the detection result is as follows: total number of colonies (cfu/g) < 1500; escherichia coli (cfu/ml) < 30; mold (cfu/g) < 100; all meet the national food standard.
The nutrient composition results of the raw material dried longan and the product longan powder are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 nutrient contents of the raw material longan dry and the product longan powder
As can be seen from the nutrient composition table, the reducing sugar content of the longan powder is higher compared with the longan powder. The longan powder has less other components than the longan powder, but the longan powder has less longan components, so that the loss of the nutrient components of the longan powder treated by the method is small, and the longan powder can be used as an auxiliary material to participate in the industry to generate new products, thereby being beneficial to industrialization.
While the present invention has been described by way of examples, and not by way of limitation, other variations of the disclosed embodiments, as would be readily apparent to one of skill in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, as defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A longan spray drying process method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing turbid liquid: carrying out enzymolysis treatment on arillus longan to obtain a soluble solid extract, putting the extract into water, and preparing into a suspension with the mass fraction of 15-25%;
s2, preparing an auxiliary drying agent mixed solution: adding an auxiliary drying agent into the turbid liquid, and stirring for 30-60 min to obtain a uniform mixed liquid;
s3, spray drying setting: atomizing and dispersing the mixed solution, setting the inlet air temperature to be 165-175 ℃, and setting the peristaltic flow to be 8-20 m3Drying for 4-6 h;
and S4, collecting the dried longan powder product.
2. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the feeding concentration is 18-22%; in the step S3, the inlet air temperature is 168-172 ℃, and the peristaltic flow is 10-15 m3The drying time is 4.5-5.5 h.
3. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the auxiliary drying agent is maltodextrin, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid; the components are respectively as follows by mass percent: 9-12% of maltodextrin, 0.5-1.25% of Arabic gum, 0.1-0.4% of sodium alginate, 0.2-1.6% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.02-0.08% of citric acid.
4. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the addition amount of the maltodextrin is 10-12%, and the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.05-0.07%.
5. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the enzymolysis treatment in the step S1 is enzyme extraction treatment, and the enzyme extraction treatment adopts a method that the mass ratio is 3: 1, the enzymolysis time is 30-180 min, and the enzymolysis temperature is 30-60 ℃.
6. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the enzyme extraction is carried out under the heating condition of water bath heating or ultrasonic heating.
7. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 5, wherein: and after the enzyme extraction, the step of inactivating the enzyme for 30min at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ is also included.
8. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: step S4 further includes cooling and preserving the longan powder.
9. The longan spray-drying process method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the stirring mode is high-speed stirring, and the stirring speed is 800 r/min.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106579112A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 钟山县洲星食品有限公司 | Low-temperature preparation method of citrus powder |
| CN106721844A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 桂林实力科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of matrimony vine Momordica grosvenori electuary |
| CN107080778A (en) * | 2017-04-02 | 2017-08-22 | 方家铺子（福建）现代农业发展有限公司 | A kind of multiplex-enzyme extraction technique of longan pulp solid carbon dioxide insoluble active thing and application |
| CN109645395A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江师范大学行知学院 | A method of preparing "Hami" melon fruit powder |
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2019
- 2019-12-19 CN CN201911317647.6A patent/CN110915895A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106579112A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 钟山县洲星食品有限公司 | Low-temperature preparation method of citrus powder |
| CN106721844A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 桂林实力科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of matrimony vine Momordica grosvenori electuary |
| CN107080778A (en) * | 2017-04-02 | 2017-08-22 | 方家铺子（福建）现代农业发展有限公司 | A kind of multiplex-enzyme extraction technique of longan pulp solid carbon dioxide insoluble active thing and application |
| CN109645395A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江师范大学行知学院 | A method of preparing "Hami" melon fruit powder |
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| 苏东晓等: "速溶龙眼粉加工的酶解提取与喷雾干燥工艺优化", 《农业工程学报》 * |
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