CN110915892A - Device for heat shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage by water and air - Google Patents
Device for heat shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage by water and air Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915892A CN110915892A CN201911341884.6A CN201911341884A CN110915892A CN 110915892 A CN110915892 A CN 110915892A CN 201911341884 A CN201911341884 A CN 201911341884A CN 110915892 A CN110915892 A CN 110915892A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002635 electroconvulsive therapy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
- A23B7/0053—Preserving by heating by direct or indirect contact with heating gases or liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/06—Air heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
- Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for performing double heat shock treatment on fruits and vegetables before storage by using water and air, which consists of an air source heat pump assembly chamber, a fruit and vegetable treatment area and a spray water collection chamber; the top of the fruit and vegetable processing area is provided with a hot water spray pipe, the lower end of the hot water spray pipe is provided with a spray head, the water inlet end of the hot water spray pipe is connected with a water pump through a first heat exchanger, the water pump is respectively connected with a water source and the water outlet of a spray water collecting chamber through a first electric three-way valve, an air source heat pump assembling chamber is provided with a hot air channel, and a fan at the inlet of the hot air channel is connected with the lower part of the; the bottom of the fruit and vegetable processing area is provided with a heat preservation layer and a spray water reflux hole, the interior of the fruit and vegetable processing area is provided with a thermocouple and a humidity sensor, the top of the fruit and vegetable processing area is provided with an exhaust fan, and a water baffle is arranged between the thermocouple and the humidity sensor; a compressor is arranged in the air source heat pump assembly chamber, an evaporator and a thermal expansion valve are arranged in the air source heat pump assembly chamber, the outlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber is connected with a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger through a second electric three-way valve, and the shell side outlet ends of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are communicated with a liquid reservoir; the top of the box body is provided with a control panel, the front of the box body is provided with a display and a box door, and the box body is provided with a plurality of control buttons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable storage and transportation devices, and mainly relates to a heat shock treatment device for fruits and vegetables.
Background
The fruit and vegetable yield of China is improved year by year, but on the other hand, due to the regionality and seasonality of the fruit and vegetable in various regions, a great amount of loss exists in the transportation, storage and sale processes of the picked fruit and vegetable. In order to reduce the loss of picked fruits and vegetables, people store the fruits and vegetables in a refrigeration house so as to prolong the storage period of the fruits and vegetables. However, cold damage occurs when cold-sensitive fruits and vegetables grown in tropical and subtropical zones are stored in a refrigerator for a long time. In order to avoid the phenomenon, the heat treatment is carried out before the harvested cold-sensitive fruits and vegetables are stored, so that the cold damage resistance of the fruits and vegetables can be improved, and the storage period of the fruits and vegetables can be prolonged. With the deep research on the cold damage resistance of the picked cold-sensitive fruits and vegetables, the requirements of people on the heat treatment mode of the picked fruits and vegetables are synchronously improved. The fruits and vegetables after being picked by the traditional hot air treatment often have excessive water loss, so that the weight loss rate of the fruits and vegetables is improved, and the quality of the fruits and vegetables is reduced; the traditional hot water spraying treatment is used for treating fruits and vegetables before storage, and the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables are wrapped with a layer of water film for a long time, so that the respiration of the fruits and vegetables is influenced. In addition, after the fruits and vegetables are treated by hot water spraying before storage, water drops on the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables need to be drained, and a large amount of manpower is consumed in the process. Nowadays, the relatively simple method is generally to air-dry fruits and vegetables, but the method gradually loses the heat absorbed by the fruits and vegetables because the water drops are evaporated in the air-drying process to absorb heat, and the heat is provided by the fruits and vegetables and is not paid.
Obviously, the defects of the existing device for treating the fruits and vegetables before storage by spraying hot water and the existing device for treating the fruits and vegetables before storage by hot air are urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention has three tasks, and overcomes the defects of high water loss rate and long time consumption of the fruits and vegetables in the existing hot air treatment process before the single fruits and vegetables are stored; secondly, the defect that the breathing function of the fruits and vegetables is blocked because the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables are wrapped by a water film in the single hot water spraying treatment process before the fruits and vegetables are stored is overcome; and thirdly, the problems of effectively removing water drops on the surfaces of the fruits and the vegetables after hot water spraying, reducing the labor amount and the like are solved. The device is provided for properly carrying out double heat shock treatment on the fruits and vegetables before storage by using two different heat transfer media, namely water and air, so that the three problems can be completely solved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A water and air double heat shock treatment device for fruits and vegetables before storage is characterized in that the device consists of an air source heat pump assembly chamber, a fruit and vegetable treatment area and a spray water collection chamber;
a batch of hot water spray pipes are arranged at the top of the fruit and vegetable processing area, a batch of spray heads are arranged at the lower end of the hot water spray pipes, the water inlet ends of the hot water spray pipes are connected with the outlet of a circulating water pump arranged in an air source heat pump assembly chamber through a first heat exchanger, the inlet of the circulating water pump is respectively connected with an external water source and the external water outlet of a spray water collecting chamber at the lower part of the fruit and vegetable processing area through a first electric three-way valve, the external water outlet of the spray water collecting chamber is provided with a filter screen, and the first heat;
a hot air channel is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the air source heat pump assembly chamber, a fan is arranged at the inlet of the hot air channel, the outlet of the fan is communicated with the lower part of the fruit and vegetable processing area through a second heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger is fixed on a second metal plate;
the bottom of the fruit and vegetable treatment area is provided with a closed heat-insulating layer, and the middle part of the heat-insulating layer is provided with a spray water backflow hole; a thermocouple for measuring temperature and a humidity sensor for measuring humidity are arranged at the proper position inside the fruit and vegetable processing area; the top of the fruit and vegetable treatment area is provided with a fan for exhausting air upwards, and a water baffle with a row of zigzag channels is arranged between the fan and the hot water spray pipe;
the air source heat pump assembly chamber is internally provided with a compressor, an evaporator and a thermal expansion valve are arranged at the inlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber, the outlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber is respectively connected with the inlet end of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger and the inlet end of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger through a second electric three-way valve, and the outlet end of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger and the outlet end of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger are communicated with a liquid reservoir which is fixedly connected to the lower part;
the casing of the device is in a square box shape formed by a metal casing and a heat-insulating layer; the top of the box body is provided with a PLC control panel, the front of the box body is provided with a display and an openable box door, and the display is provided with a plurality of control buttons.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the first heat exchanger adopts a sleeve type heat exchanger, the outer pipe is a seamless steel pipe, a copper pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, two ends of the copper pipe are respectively connected with the hot water spray pipe and the circulating water pump, and two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with the second electric three-way valve and the liquid reservoir; the second heat exchanger adopts a sleeve type heat exchanger, the inner pipe is a stainless steel pipe, two ends of the stainless steel pipe are respectively connected with the second electric three-way valve and the liquid reservoir, two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with the fan and the fruit and vegetable processing area, the stainless steel pipe is bent back and forth, and a baffling baffle is arranged at the bent part.
The first heat exchanger has cooling water flowing inside and outer casing pipe flowing refrigerant to strengthen the heat exchange between the refrigerant inside the pipe and the cooling medium inside the outer casing pipe. The refrigerant flows in the second heat exchanger tube, and the air flows out of the second heat exchanger tube; the material of the refrigerant flow pipe is stainless steel, so that the oxidation effect of high-temperature air on the pipeline is reduced, the stainless steel pipe is bent back and forth, and a baffle plate is arranged at the bent part and used for guiding the flow direction of incoming air to enable the incoming air to flow back with the refrigerant in the pipe, so that the heat exchange is enhanced.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in a countercurrent mode. Because the device is used for thermally exciting fruits and vegetables, the temperatures of hot water and hot air are expected to be high enough, the efficiency of the heat exchanger is required to be improved as much as possible, and the average temperature difference of countercurrent flow is the largest and the average temperature difference of concurrent flow is the smallest under the condition of the same inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger; the outlet temperature of the cold fluid is always lower than that of the hot fluid in concurrent flow, and the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can be higher than that of the hot fluid in countercurrent flow, so that the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in countercurrent flow, and the heat exchangers are efficient and energy-saving.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the refrigerant used by the air source heat pump system adopts Freon R134 a.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the thermocouple and the humidity sensor are electrically connected with the display, and the two non-electrical parameters of temperature and humidity are converted into electrical signals to display the real-time temperature and humidity in the display. The display is electrically connected with the control panel; the temperature, humidity and time parameters are input into the display through the control buttons. When the heat treatment time is input manually, a timer in the display starts to count time and feeds back a signal to the control panel.
The optimization scheme is as follows: in order to reduce the water drops carried by the fluid flowing to the evaporator for heat exchange with the evaporator, a water baffle is arranged between the evaporator and the fruit and vegetable processing area. And a fan is arranged above the evaporator and used for generating negative pressure to suck air or steam in the fruit and vegetable processing area. The blowing port of the fan is provided with the layer of metal net, so that the influence of sundries on the normal work of the fan is avoided, and the personal safety of operators is also ensured.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the second electric three-way valve and the first electric three-way valve are electrically connected with the PLC control panel, and the electric three-way valves can be adjusted according to different requirements, so that the purpose of changing the flowing direction of fluid in the pipe is achieved.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the thermostatic expansion valve adopts an external balance thermostatic expansion valve, and the problems that the refrigerant in the evaporator has large flow resistance and the refrigerant at the outlet has large superheat degree are solved.
The optimization scheme is as follows: the fruit and vegetable processing area, the spray water collecting chamber, the air source heat pump assembly chamber (1) and the outside are isolated by heat insulating layers, so that unnecessary heat loss is reduced.
This device can store the preceding hot water spray treatment technique of fruit vegetables with fruit vegetables and store preceding hot-air treatment technique and unite, and the dual heat shock of fruit vegetables is handled before reaching storing with the heat transfer of fruit vegetables before these two kinds of heat transfer medium of water and air. This device can realize carrying out hot water spray again to fruit vegetables hot-air treatment earlier and handle, and the hot water sprays after the certain time, carries out hot-air treatment once more. The hot water spraying is carried out on the fruits and the vegetables midway, a layer of water film is formed on the surfaces of the fruits and the vegetables, and the problem that the fruits and the vegetables lose too much water in the heat treatment process of the fruits and the vegetables can be avoided. After the water film is formed, hot air is immediately carried out to treat the fruits and vegetables, the water film on the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables is damaged, and the problem that the breathing action of the fruits and vegetables is blocked because the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables are in a water film wrapping state for a long time is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the hot water spraying treatment technology before the fruit and vegetable are stored is combined with the hot air treatment technology before the fruit and vegetable are stored, two heat transfer media of water and air exchange heat with the fruit and vegetable before the fruit and vegetable are stored, the dual heat shock treatment of the fruit and vegetable before the storage is achieved, the defects that the water loss rate of single hot air treatment is high, the time consumption is long, and the breathing effect of the fruit and vegetable is blocked due to the fact that the surface of the fruit and vegetable is wrapped by a water film through the single hot water spraying treatment are avoided.
2. The temperature of hot-air is higher than the drop temperature on fruit vegetables surface, and the required heat of drop evaporation is provided by hot-air, and simultaneously, hot-air carries out the secondary heat transfer with the fruit vegetables, has reached the effect that dual heat shock was handled. In addition, in the process, the fruits and vegetables are directly processed in the fruit and vegetable processing area without moving out of a designed device, so that the output of labor is reduced.
3. The flow direction of the refrigerant from the compressor can be changed as required, and the refrigerant enters different condensers, so that the cooling water or air is heated. If the hot water is heated, the traditional single process of hot water spraying treatment before storage of the fruits and vegetables can be ensured. If the air is heated, the traditional single process of hot air treatment before storage of the fruits and vegetables can be ensured.
4. The energy-saving air source heat pump system is more energy-saving, hot water or hot air is prepared by the air source heat pump system, and the utilization rate of low-level energy (air energy) is greatly improved.
4. The first electric three-way valve and the second electric three-way valve are configured to control the conversion between hot water and hot air, and the adjustment is convenient; a thermocouple, a humidity sensor and a display are arranged, so that the control is convenient;
5. the fan is arranged to promote airflow flowing in the fruit and vegetable processing area, and the water baffle is arranged to reduce water vapor in the backflow gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front internal structure diagram of the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first heat exchanger;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a second heat exchanger;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the control and display of the electrical appliance.
In the figure, 1 — air source heat pump assembly room; 2-a fruit and vegetable processing area; 3-spray water collection chamber; 4, a compressor; 5-a first heat exchanger; 6-a second heat exchanger; 7-a liquid reservoir; 8, a fan; 9-thermal expansion valve; 10-an evaporator; 11-a second electrically operated three-way valve; 12-a first electrically operated three-way valve; 13-circulating water pump; 14-1-metal plate one; 14-2-metal plate two; 15-a metal support; 16-a thermocouple; 17-a display; 18-hot water spray pipe; 19-a water baffle; 20-an insulating layer; 21-a fan; 22-metal mesh; 23-spray water return holes; 24-a filter screen; 25-a humidity sensor; 26-control panel; 27-openable door; 28-metal bar; 29-control buttons; 30-a spray head; 31-air supply outlet; 32-stainless steel tube; 33-baffle plate; 34-cooling water inlet; 35-cooling water outlet; 36-a refrigerant inlet; 37-refrigerant outlet; 38-metal housing.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example (b): as shown in figure 1, the device for the double heat shock treatment of the fruits and vegetables before storage by water and air comprises an air source heat pump assembly chamber 1, a fruit and vegetable treatment area 2 and a spray water collection chamber 3.
A batch of hot water spray pipes 18 are arranged at the top of the fruit and vegetable treatment area 2, a batch of spray heads 30 are arranged at the lower ends of the hot water spray pipes 18, the water inlet ends of the hot water spray pipes 18 are connected with a cooling water outlet 35 of a circulating water pump 13 arranged in the air source heat pump assembly chamber 1 through a first heat exchanger 5, a cooling water inlet 34 of the circulating water pump 13 is respectively communicated with an external water source and a spray water collection chamber 3 at the lower part of the fruit and vegetable treatment area 2 through a first electric three-way valve 12, and circulating water is replaced or supplemented by the first electric three-way valve 12, so that water in the device is circulated. The water outlet of the spray water collecting chamber 3 connected with the circulating water pump 13 is provided with a filter screen 24, and the filter screen 24 is arranged at the water outlet to prevent the blockage of the pipeline in consideration of the generation of impurities such as scale and the like in water evaporation supply. The first heat exchanger 5 is fixed to the first metal plate 14-1.
The lower part of the side wall of the air source heat pump assembly chamber 1 is provided with a hot air channel, a fan 8 is arranged at the inlet of the hot air channel, the outlet of the fan 8 is communicated with the lower part of the fruit and vegetable processing area 2 through a second heat exchanger 6, air circulation is introduced from the ambient atmosphere through the fan 8, heat exchange is carried out on the air circulation and the fruits and vegetables after being heated by the second heat exchanger 6, and finally the air circulation is rolled out to the external environment through a fan 21 arranged on the upper part of the device. The second heat exchanger 6 is fixed on the second metal plate 14-2 by a metal bracket 15.
The bottom of the fruit and vegetable treatment area 2 is provided with a closed heat-insulating layer 20, and the middle part of the heat-insulating layer 20 is provided with a spray water backflow hole 23; a thermocouple 16 for measuring temperature and a humidity sensor 25 for measuring humidity are arranged at a proper position in the fruit and vegetable processing area 2; a fan 21 for exhausting air upwards is arranged at the top of the fruit and vegetable treatment area 2, and a water baffle plate 19 with a row of zigzag channels is arranged between the fan 21 and the hot water spray pipe 18; the fan 21 is used for generating negative pressure to suck air or water vapor out of the fruit and vegetable processing area. A layer of metal mesh 22 is arranged at the air blowing port of the fan 21, so that the influence of sundries on the normal work of the fan is avoided, and the personal safety of operators is also ensured. See fig. 2.
The air source heat pump assembly chamber 1 is internally provided with a compressor 4, an evaporator 10 and a thermal expansion valve 9 are arranged at the inlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber 1, the outlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber is respectively connected with a refrigerant inlet 36 of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger 5 and a refrigerant inlet of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger 6 through a second electric three-way valve 11, and a refrigerant outlet 37 of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger 5 and a refrigerant outlet of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger 6 are communicated with a liquid receiver 7 which is fixedly connected to the lower part of the air source; the outer surface of the evaporator 10 is communicated with the outside, so that heat exchange with ambient air is facilitated; the liquid receiver 7 is installed at the lower left side of the second metal plate 14-2 at a position lower than the second heat exchanger 6 to facilitate the flow of the liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver. The evaporator 10 is fixed to the left side of the first metal plate 14-1.
The shell of the device is in a square box shape formed by a metal shell 38 and a heat-insulating layer 20; the top of the box body is provided with a PLC control panel 26, the front of the box body is provided with a display 17 and an openable box door 27, the display 17 is provided with a plurality of control buttons 29, and a plurality of layers of metal bars 28 capable of placing fruits and vegetables are horizontally arranged in the box body, as shown in figure 3.
The first heat exchanger 5 adopts a sleeve type heat exchanger, the outer pipe is a seamless steel pipe, a copper pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, two ends of the copper pipe are respectively connected with the hot water spray pipe 18 and the circulating water pump 13, two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with the second electric three-way valve 11 and the liquid storage device 7, cooling water flows in the first heat exchanger, a refrigerant flows in the outer sleeve, and heat exchange between the refrigerant in the pipe and a cooling medium in the outer sleeve is enhanced, which is shown in figure 4.
The second heat exchanger 6 adopts a double-pipe heat exchanger, the inner pipe is a stainless steel pipe 32, two ends of the stainless steel pipe 32 are respectively connected with the second electric three-way valve 11 and the liquid reservoir 7, two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with the fan 8 and the fruit and vegetable processing area 2, the stainless steel pipe 32 is bent back and forth, and a baffling baffle 33 is arranged at the bent part. The refrigerant flows in the tube of the second heat exchanger 6, and the air flows outside the tube; the refrigerant flow pipe is made of stainless steel, so that the oxidation of high-temperature air on the pipeline is reduced, the stainless steel pipe 32 is bent back and forth, and a baffle plate 33 is arranged at the bent part for guiding the flow direction of the incoming air to enable the incoming air to flow back to the refrigerant in the pipe, so that the heat exchange is enhanced, and the heat exchange is shown in figure 5.
The first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 are arranged in a countercurrent mode, and the device is expected to have high enough temperatures of hot water and hot air due to the fact that fruits and vegetables are thermally excited, the efficiency of the heat exchangers is required to be improved as much as possible, and the heat exchangers have the largest average temperature difference of countercurrent and the smallest average temperature difference of cocurrent under the same inlet and outlet temperature conditions; the outlet temperature of the cold fluid is always lower than that of the hot fluid in concurrent flow, while the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can be higher than that of the hot fluid in countercurrent flow, so that the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 are arranged in countercurrent flow, and the heat exchangers are efficient and energy-saving. The refrigerant used by the air source heat pump system adopts Freon R134 a.
The thermocouple 16 and the humidity sensor 25 are electrically connected to the display 17, and convert the two non-electrical parameters of temperature and humidity into electrical signals and display the real-time temperature and humidity in the display 17. The display 17 is electrically connected to the control panel 26; the temperature, humidity and time parameters are input to the display 17 via control buttons 29. When the heat treatment time is manually input, a timer in the display 17 starts counting time, and a signal is fed back to the control panel 26. See fig. 6.
The second electric three-way valve 11 and the first electric three-way valve 12 are electrically connected with the PLC control panel 26, and each electric three-way valve can be adjusted according to different requirements, so that the purpose of changing the flowing direction of fluid in the pipe is achieved.
The thermostatic expansion valve 9 adopts an external balance thermostatic expansion valve 9, and the problems that the refrigerant in the evaporator has large flow resistance and the refrigerant at the outlet has large superheat degree are solved.
The fruit and vegetable processing area 2 and the spray water collecting chamber 3 are isolated from the air source heat pump assembly chamber 1 and the outside by the heat insulating layer 20, so that unnecessary heat loss is reduced.
The fruit and vegetable treatment area 2 is not a closed area and needs to exchange heat with an external heat source. External heat sources come in two forms, hot water and hot air. When the hot water is used for spraying the fruits and vegetables, the hot water is sprayed to the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables from top to bottom through the spray head 30 from the hot water spray pipe 18; when the fruits and vegetables are treated by the hot air, the air sucked by the fan 8 is heated in the second heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air rises, and the air enters the fruit and vegetable treatment area 2 from the air supply opening 31. A thermocouple 16 and a humidity sensor 25 for measuring temperature and humidity are arranged in the fruit and vegetable processing area 2.
The required hot air and hot water are obtained by respectively heating air and cooling water by the second heat exchanger 6 and the first heat exchanger 5 of the air source heat pump. To achieve this, a second electric three-way valve 11 is provided on a pipe at the outlet of the compressor 4, and the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor of high temperature and high pressure is changed as desired by adjusting the second electric three-way valve 11. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the incoming air and the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger 6, the fan 8 is arranged at the incoming air inlet of the heat exchanger, and the energy loss of the air in the second heat exchanger 6 caused by the flow resistance can be compensated.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A water and air double heat shock treatment device for fruits and vegetables before storage is characterized by comprising an air source heat pump assembly chamber (1), a fruit and vegetable treatment area (2) and a spray water collection chamber (3);
a batch of hot water spray pipes (18) are arranged at the top of the fruit and vegetable processing area (2), a batch of spray heads (30) are arranged at the lower ends of the hot water spray pipes (18), the water inlet ends of the hot water spray pipes (18) are connected with the outlet of a circulating water pump (13) arranged in the air source heat pump assembly chamber (1) through a first heat exchanger (5), the inlet of the circulating water pump (13) is respectively connected with an external water source and the external water outlet of a spray water collecting chamber (3) at the lower part of the fruit and vegetable processing area (2) through a first electric three-way valve (12), a filter screen (24) is arranged at the external water outlet of the spray water collecting chamber (3), and the first heat exchanger (5) is fixed on a;
a hot air channel is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the air source heat pump assembly chamber (1), a fan (8) is arranged at the inlet of the hot air channel, the outlet of the fan (8) is communicated with the lower part of the fruit and vegetable processing area (2) through a second heat exchanger (6), and the second heat exchanger (6) is fixed on a second metal plate (14-2);
the bottom of the fruit and vegetable treatment area (2) is provided with a closed heat-insulating layer (20), and the middle part of the heat-insulating layer (20) is provided with a spray water backflow hole (23); a thermocouple (16) for measuring temperature and a humidity sensor (25) for measuring humidity are arranged at a proper position in the fruit and vegetable processing area (2); a fan (21) for exhausting air upwards is arranged at the top of the fruit and vegetable treatment area (2), and a water baffle (19) with a row of zigzag channels is arranged between the fan (21) and the hot water spray pipe (18);
a compressor (4) is arranged in the air source heat pump assembly chamber (1), an evaporator (10) and a thermal expansion valve (9) are arranged at the inlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber, the outlet of the air source heat pump assembly chamber is respectively connected with the inlet end of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger (5) and the inlet end of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger (6) through a second electric three-way valve (11), and the outlet end of the shell pass of the first heat exchanger (5) and the outlet end of the shell pass of the second heat exchanger (6) are communicated with a liquid reservoir (7) which is fixedly connected to the lower part of the air source;
the shell of the device is a square box body formed by a metal shell (38) and a heat-insulating layer (20); the top of the box body is provided with a PLC control panel (26), the front of the box body is provided with a display (17) and an openable box door (27), and the display (17) is provided with a plurality of control buttons (29).
2. The device for the double thermal shock treatment of the fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger (5) adopts a double-pipe heat exchanger, the outer pipe is a seamless steel pipe, a copper pipe is sleeved in the double-pipe heat exchanger, two ends of the copper pipe are respectively connected with a hot water spray pipe (18) and a circulating water pump (13), and two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with a second electric three-way valve (11) and a liquid reservoir (7); the second heat exchanger (6) adopts a sleeve type heat exchanger, the inner pipe is a stainless steel pipe (32), two ends of the stainless steel pipe (32) are respectively connected with the second electric three-way valve (11) and the liquid storage device (7), two ends of the outer pipe are respectively connected with the fan (8) and the fruit and vegetable processing area (2), the stainless steel pipe (32) is bent back and forth, and a baffling baffle (33) is arranged at the bent part.
3. A device for the double thermal shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 2, wherein the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) are arranged in counter-current.
4. A device for the dual thermal shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the refrigerant used in the air source heat pump system is Freon R134 a.
5. A device for the double thermal shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 4, wherein the thermocouple (16) and the humidity sensor (25) are electrically connected to the display (17), the display (17) being electrically connected to said control panel (26); the temperature, humidity and time parameters are input to the display (17) through the control buttons (29).
6. A dual water and air thermal shock treatment apparatus for pre-stored fruits and vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the second electric three-way valve (11) and the first electric three-way valve (12) are electrically connected to the PLC control panel (26).
7. A device for the double thermal shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 6, wherein the thermostatic expansion valve (9) is an external balanced thermostatic expansion valve.
8. A device for the double thermal shock treatment of fruits and vegetables before storage according to claim 7, wherein the fruit and vegetable treatment area (2) and the spray water collection chamber (3) are isolated from the air source heat pump assembly chamber (1) and the outside by the insulating layer (20).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113331446A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-03 | 北京大学 | Postharvest intermittent heat treatment device for fruits and vegetables and control method thereof |
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| CN101843276A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-09-29 | 天津大学 | Energy-saving multifunctional cold-heat pretreatment device for fruits and vegetables before storage |
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| KR20160131303A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-16 | 주식회사 이랩 | Rapid Manufacturing System for Low Salt Kimchi |
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| CN113331446B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-08-26 | 北京大学 | Postharvest intermittent heat treatment device for fruits and vegetables and control method thereof |
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| CN110915892B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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