CN110913560B - Cavity exercise acceleration device and method of charged particle cyclotron and cyclotron - Google Patents
Cavity exercise acceleration device and method of charged particle cyclotron and cyclotron Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/02—Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/005—Cyclotrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20272—Accessories for moving fluid, for expanding fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid, for removing gas or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
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- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cavity exercise accelerating device and method of a charged particle cyclotron, and the charged particle cyclotron, wherein the cavity exercise accelerating device comprises a device for redistributing power of a high-frequency transmitter and a device for buffering and cooling a high-frequency cavity. In a specific example, the power redistribution device comprises a circulator and a dummy load device, wherein the circulator and the dummy load device are used for providing a power transmission path which is not connected to the high-frequency cavity, and in a more specific example, the buffer cooling device comprises an inner circulation cooling loop, an outer circulation cooling loop and a heat exchanger, and the dummy load device is arranged in a cooling path from the outer circulation cooling loop to the heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acceleration of charged particles such as protons/heavy ions, in particular to a cavity exercise acceleration device and method of a charged particle cyclotron and the cyclotron, wherein one specific charged particle can be applied as a proton, and refers to free ions with mass number equal to 1, and the other specific charged particle can be applied as heavy ions, and refers to free ions with mass number greater than or equal to 4.
Background
The multiple electron multiplication effect has a key effect on the operation quality of the charged particle cyclotron, and in a vacuum environment, for example, when the vacuum degree is less than 1×10 -5 mbar, a small amount of radio frequency power is enough to generate electron cloud reciprocating oscillation related to frequency, power and distance on the metal geometric surface of the cavity with the secondary electron emission coefficient higher than 1, so that the cyclotron cannot work normally.
Generally, a charged particle cyclotron mainly comprises an ion source system, a particle transport system, a main magnet, a high-frequency system, a vacuum system, various auxiliary systems and the like. The high-frequency system is generally composed of a high-frequency accelerating electrode, a high-frequency resonant cavity and a high-frequency power source. The high frequency system is used for providing high frequency voltage necessary for the cyclotron for ions, is one of the most basic components in the accelerator, and requires long-time cavity exercise for keeping the working state of the high frequency resonant cavity stable, so that the harmful influence caused by multiple electron multiplication effects can be eliminated as much as possible.
The current internationally-used cavity exercise method adopts pulses with short repetition period to exercise, has higher safety coefficient, and inevitably consumes a great deal of exercise time. This is because the rf resonant cavity of the cyclotron is a nonlinear load, and under the effect of multiple electron multiplication, the generation of electron clouds in the rf cavity affects the matching of rf systems, and when the energy of electron bombardment cannot be limited, the change and failure of the surface materials in the rf cavity can be caused, even the key components such as the rf ceramic coupling window of the accelerator are damaged. For example, a compact cyclotron is narrow in space, various in materials and complex in structure, and particularly when a high-frequency cavity electrode is positioned in a fringe field of a peak region and a valley region of a magnet, the objective factors exacerbate the operation complexity of the cyclotron due to multiple electron multiplication effects.
The original applicant discloses a proton accelerator beam cooling device in Chinese patent application publication No. CN108633160A, which belongs to the field of proton accelerators and comprises a heat conducting beam blocking body, wherein a storage groove is formed in the side wall of the heat conducting beam blocking body, and cooling liquid is stored in the groove; the heat conduction beam blocking body is connected with one end of the hollow pipe body, the other end of the hollow pipe body is connected with the heat conduction condensing body, and a cooling cavity for cooling liquid is formed among the groove of the heat conduction beam blocking body, the cavity of the hollow pipe body and the condensing body. Accordingly, it has been disclosed that the proton accelerator can be heat-radiating cooled by means of heat conduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron, which can increase the circulation temperature of a high-frequency cavity cooling loop in a passive buffer cooling mode when insufficient exercise occurs in the cavity exercise process, thereby increasing the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity and effectively shortening the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a charged particle cyclotron, which uses the aforementioned cavity exercise acceleration device to achieve the technical effect of exercise acceleration of the high-frequency cavity of the cyclotron.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron, which is used for accelerating the exhaust of a high-frequency cavity, so that the high-frequency cavity is faster and the electron effect area is excessive, and the time from the first debugging to the operation condition of the accelerator is reduced.
The first object of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the cavity exercise accelerating device comprises a high-frequency cavity and a high-frequency transmitter feeding power to the high-frequency cavity through a first power transmission path, and comprises a power redistribution device and a buffer cooling device. The power redistribution device is used for switching the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter to a second power transmission path and is used for redistributing the feed-in power fed by the high-frequency cavity; the buffer cooling device cools the high frequency cavity after receiving heat generated by the second power transmission path in an orderly manner.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the cavity exercise acceleration device is used for cavity exercise of the charged particle cyclotron, the power redistribution device and the buffer cooling device are utilized, and when the cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity intermittently generates multiple electron multiplication effects, the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter can be redistributed to a second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity; meanwhile, the high-frequency cavity can be cooled by heat generated by the second power transmission path in a buffering way, so that the circulation temperature of a cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity is increased in a passive buffering cooling mode, the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity is further increased, and the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity is effectively shortened.
The present invention in a first preferred example may be further configured to: the power redistribution device comprises a circulator and a dummy load device, wherein the high-frequency transmitter is respectively connected to the dummy load device and the high-frequency cavity through the circulator, and is used for selectively feeding power to any one of the high-frequency cavity and the dummy load device, and the dummy load device is used for receiving the power fed by the high-frequency transmitter when multiple electron multiplication occurs intermittently on the cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the power redistribution function for switching the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter can be realized by utilizing the combination relation of the circulator and the dummy load device.
The present invention in the first specific aspect of the first preferred example may be further configured to: the buffer cooling device comprises an inner circulation cooling loop, an outer circulation cooling loop and a heat exchanger, wherein the inner circulation cooling loop is used for cooling the high-frequency cavity, the outer circulation cooling loop is used for indirectly exchanging heat with the inner circulation cooling loop through the heat exchanger, and the dummy load device is arranged in a cooling path from the outer circulation cooling loop to the heat exchanger.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the buffer cooling function of firstly cooling the dummy load device and maintaining the temperature of the high-frequency cavity in an orderly manner by utilizing the combination relation of the external circulation cooling loop and the heat exchanger is realized.
The present invention in the second specific aspect of the first preferred example may be further configured to: the first power transfer path includes a first feed-in that connects the high frequency transmitter to the circulator and a second feed-in that connects the circulator to the high frequency cavity, and the second power transfer path includes a first feed-in that connects the high frequency transmitter to the circulator and a third feed-in that connects the circulator to the dummy load.
By adopting the above preferred technical solution, the first power transmission path and the second power transmission path are shared in a segment connected with the high-frequency transmitter by using the first feed-in pipe to pass through the circulator to the second feed-in pipe and the third feed-in pipe.
The present invention in one specific structure of the first specific aspect of the first preferred example may be further configured to: and a first circulating pump is arranged on a cooling path of the internal circulating cooling loop and used for providing fluid power from the internal circulating cooling liquid subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger to the high-frequency cavity.
By adopting the above preferable technical scheme, the closed cooling path of the internal circulation cooling loop can be built by using the circulation pump of the internal circulation cooling loop, which is beneficial to buffer cooling of the high-frequency cavity and convenient for checking and maintaining of the external circulation cooling loop.
The present invention in one specific structure of the first specific aspect of the first preferred example may be further specifically configured to: the heat exchanger only provides heat exchange, and the inner circulation cooling liquid of the inner circulation cooling loop is not communicated with the outer circulation cooling liquid of the outer circulation cooling loop; or/and, a second circulating pump and a refrigerator are arranged on a cooling path of the external circulating cooling loop, and the dummy load device is positioned between the refrigerator and the heat exchanger.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the heat exchanger is utilized to only provide heat exchange and does not communicate cooling liquid with each other, so that closed cooling paths of two internal and external circulation cooling loops are realized; or/and, the dummy load device is located between the refrigerator and the heat exchanger, so that the buffer cooling device can cool the dummy load device first and cool the high-frequency cavity in an orderly manner.
The present invention in a second preferred example may be further configured to: the buffer cooling device pre-cools the heat generated by the switched feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter passing through the second power transmission path in advance on a path for cooling the high-frequency cavity, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the buffer cooling device on the high-frequency cavity and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter are in an asynchronous relationship.
By adopting the above preferred technical scheme, the components of the cavity exercise acceleration device connected by the synchronous connection and matching of the power and the cooling are utilized, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the buffer cooling device to the high-frequency cavity and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter can be optimized into a buffer cooling asynchronous relationship by the synchronous relationship in the use of cavity exercise.
The second object of the invention is achieved by a charged particle cyclotron using the solution of any one of the above examples of a cavity exercise acceleration device or a possible combination of solutions thereof.
The third object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the cavity exercise acceleration method of the charged particle cyclotron is provided, parameters of a high-frequency transmitter are adjusted in the cavity exercise process with a magnetic field and vacuum, so that the high-frequency transmitter is matched with the impedance of a high-frequency cavity, and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter enters the high-frequency cavity through a first power transmission path and takes away the thermal power of the high-frequency cavity through cooling; and when multiple electron multiplication occurs intermittently on the surface of the high-frequency cavity, redistributing the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter to a second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity; and meanwhile, receiving heat generated by the second power transmission path to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity, wherein the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity when power is not fed in is relatively lower than that when power is fed in.
By adopting the technical scheme, when multiple electronic times of synergy occurs, the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity can be passively reduced when power is not fed in, and the cavity exercise of the high-frequency cavity is accelerated.
The present invention in a third preferred example may be further configured to: the cavity exercise acceleration method further comprises: maintaining the temperature of the high-frequency cavity stable when power is not fed in, so as to facilitate the discharge of gas in the high-frequency cavity; and (3) orderly reciprocating to perform the power feeding, buffer cooling when the power is not fed and temperature stabilization and air exhaust when the power is not fed, thereby gradually reducing the amplitude of the excitation signal until the cavity voltage of the high-frequency cavity drops to an excessive electron effect area.
Through adopting above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, utilize steady warm exhaust when power does not feed into and orderly reciprocal power feed in, buffer cooling when power does not feed in with steady warm exhaust when power does not feed into, can also simulate the operation that pulse was taken exercise, and have and be superior to the exhaust effect that single use pulse was taken exercise, faster completion high frequency is taken exercise the process, has better protection effect to the key parts of cyclotron.
In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The circulation temperature of the high-frequency cavity cooling loop can be increased in a passive buffer cooling mode when the cavity body is not enough in the exercise process, so that the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity is increased, and the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity is effectively shortened;
2. The cyclotron has the exercise acceleration function of the high-frequency cavity;
3. The method has the advantages that the exhaust of the high-frequency cavity is quickened, the high-frequency cavity is enabled to be faster and overmuch in electronic effect area, the time from the first debugging to the running condition of the accelerator is reduced, or the operation of pulse exercise can be simulated, the exhaust effect is better than that of single pulse exercise, the high-frequency exercise process is finished faster, and the key components of the cyclotron are protected better;
4. When the high-frequency transmitter is not matched with the high-frequency cavity, power automatically enters the dummy load device; the dummy load device absorbs the power of the high-frequency transmitter, and the generated energy is preferentially taken away by the external circulation cooling loop and then transmitted to the internal circulation cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity in the heat exchanger so as to maintain the temperature of the high-frequency cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of accelerating the cavity surface air outlet of the high-frequency cavity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a chamber exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 10. a high frequency cavity; 20. A high frequency transmitter; 30. a power redistribution device; 31. A circulator; 32. A dummy loader; 40. a buffer cooling device; 41. An internal circulation cooling loop; 42. An external circulation cooling loop; 43. A heat exchanger; 44. A first circulation pump; 45. A refrigerating machine; 51. a first feed-in pipe; 52. A second feed-in pipe; 53. A third feed-in pipe; 60. the power and cooling are synchronized.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
The cavity exercise acceleration device and method of the charged particle cyclotron and the cyclotron will be described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, a cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to a first embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, and the charged particle cyclotron to which the cavity exercise acceleration device is applied includes a high frequency cavity 10 and a high frequency transmitter 20 feeding power to the high frequency cavity 10 via a first power transmission path, wherein the high frequency transmitter 20 specifically provides acceleration power in a radio frequency range, and the high frequency cavity 10 is a cavity for accelerating charged particles such as protons or heavy ions. The cavity exercise acceleration device includes a power redistribution device 30 and a buffer cooling device 40. The power redistribution device 30 switches the feed power of the high frequency transmitter 20 to a second power transmission path for redistributing the feed power fed by the high frequency cavity 10; the buffer cooling means 40 cools the high frequency chamber 10 after receiving the heat generated by the second power transmission path in an orderly manner.
Therefore, with the above-described technical solution, when the cavity exercise of the charged particle cyclotron is performed using the cavity exercise acceleration device by using the power redistribution device 30 and the buffer cooling device 40, the multi-electron multiplication effect occurs intermittently on the cavity surface of the high frequency cavity 10, so that the feed power of the high frequency transmitter 20 can be redistributed to the second power transmission path that is not connected to the high frequency cavity 10; meanwhile, the buffer cooling device 40 can receive the heat generated by the second power transmission path to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity 10, so that the circulation temperature of the cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity 10 is increased in a passive buffer cooling mode, the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity 10 is further increased, and the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity 10 is effectively shortened.
Regarding one specific aspect of the power redistribution device 30, in the present embodiment or other equivalent similar examples, the power redistribution device 30 includes a circulator 31 and a dummy load device 32, the high-frequency transmitter 20 is individually connected to the dummy load device 32 and the high-frequency cavity 10 via the circulator 31, for selectively feeding power to either of the high-frequency cavity 10 and the dummy load device 32, and the dummy load device 32 is for receiving power fed by the high-frequency transmitter 20 when multiple-electron-multiplying action occurs intermittently on a cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity 10. Thus, by utilizing the combination of the circulator 31 and the dummy loader 32, a power redistribution function for switching the feed power of the high frequency transmitter 20 is realized. The circulator 31 is an electronic device that can be used for communication or power output, in this example for changing the feed-in direction of the accelerating power of the high frequency transmitter 20. The dummy load 32 is capable of receiving the accelerated power of the high frequency transmitter 20 after changing direction to generate a dummy load state, and consumes the accelerated power to be partially converted into heat energy without acting on the high frequency cavity 10. More preferably, the dummy load 32 simulates the loading of the high frequency cavity 10 when receiving accelerating power, and allows the frequency to be matched to the impedance of the high frequency cavity 10 and the high frequency transmitter 20 and withstand the power transmitted by the high frequency cavity.
Regarding one specific aspect of the first power transfer path and the second power transfer path, in the present embodiment or other equivalent similar examples, the first power transfer path includes a first feed-in pipe 51 connecting the high-frequency transmitter 20 to the circulator 31 and a second feed-in pipe 52 connecting the circulator 31 to the high-frequency cavity 10, and the second power transfer path includes a first feed-in pipe 51 connecting the high-frequency transmitter 20 to the circulator 31 and a third feed-in pipe 53 connecting the circulator 31 to the dummy load 32. Thus, by the first feed-in pipe 51 passing through the circulator 31 to the second feed-in pipe 52 and the third feed-in pipe 53, it is achieved that the first power transfer path and the second power transfer path are shared in segments connecting the high frequency transmitter 20. The feed-in tube as described above may be concentric copper tubes in one configuration and may be referred to by the name feed-in tube.
Regarding a specific aspect of the buffer cooling device 40, in the present embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent actions, the buffer cooling device 40 includes an inner circulation cooling circuit 41, an outer circulation cooling circuit 42, and a heat exchanger 43, the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 is used for cooling the high-frequency cavity 10, the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 indirectly exchanges heat with the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 through the heat exchanger 43, and the dummy load 32 is disposed in a cooling path of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 to the heat exchanger 43. Thus, by utilizing the combined relationship of the external circulation cooling circuit 42 and the heat exchanger 43, the buffer cooling function of the buffer cooling device 40 to cool the dummy load 32 first and then cool the high frequency cavity 10 in an orderly manner is achieved. In a more specific illustration, the direction of fluid circulation of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 is shown by the right arrow in fig. 1, and the cooling paths ⑤ and ⑥ are shown; the fluid circulation direction of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 is specifically shown by the left arrow in fig. 1, and the heat exchange fluid directions of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 and the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 in the heat exchanger 43 may be the same direction or opposite directions through cooling paths ①、② and ③ in the drawing; in the present example, the opposite direction will facilitate a slow cooling of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 from the inlet end to the outlet end of the heat exchanger 43, when the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 is adjacent to the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 at the outlet end of the heat exchanger 43 at the inlet end of the heat exchanger 43, when the cooling liquid of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 may pre-cool the cooling liquid of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 at the inlet end of the heat exchanger 43 at a higher temperature. As is clear from the above description, the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 has a larger design margin with respect to the inner circulation cooling circuit 41, for example, the cooling circuit length of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 may be larger, and more devices can be installed at the required positions on the circuit to generate the cooling effect.
Regarding an example structure of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41, in the present embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, a first circulation pump 44 is provided on the cooling path of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41 for supplying the internal circulation cooling liquid heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 43 to the fluid power of the high-frequency chamber 10. Therefore, by using the circulation pump of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41, it is possible to realize a closed cooling path construction of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41, which is advantageous for buffer cooling of the high-frequency cavity 10, and facilitates inspection and maintenance of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42.
Regarding a specific mode of operation of the heat exchanger 43, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent operation, the heat exchanger 43 provides only heat exchange, and the inner circulation cooling liquid of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 and the outer circulation cooling liquid of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 are not in communication with each other. Therefore, only heat exchange and no communication of the coolant are provided by the heat exchanger 43 to realize a closed cooling path of the two inner and outer circulation cooling circuits 41, 42.
With respect to an exemplary structure of the external circulation cooling circuit 42, a second circulation pump (not shown) and a refrigerator 45 are disposed on a cooling path of the external circulation cooling circuit 42, and the dummy load 32 is located between the refrigerator 45 and the heat exchanger 43. Therefore, with the dummy load 32 located between the refrigerator 45 and the heat exchanger 43, the buffer cooling device 40 can cool the dummy load 32 first and maintain the temperature of the high frequency chamber 10 in an orderly manner. In a preferred configuration, the refrigerator 45 has both cooling and heating functions such that the heat exchanger unit refrigerator outlet water temperature may be higher than the refrigerator outlet water temperature during exercise when the high frequency cavity 10 is not powered. The refrigerator 45 may be a wind-water heat exchanger unit.
Regarding a specific connection aspect of the refrigerator 45, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent actions, a power and cooling synchronization connection 60 is connected between the refrigerator 45 of the buffer cooling device 40 and the high frequency transmitter 20, and a connection path at a position ⑦ may be shown in fig. 1, so that the feed power of the high frequency transmitter 20 and the cooling power of the refrigerator 45 may be positively correlated, which is advantageous for cooling the high frequency cavity 10 during the charged particle acceleration operation; the buffer cooling device 40 is further utilized to pre-cool the heat generated by the switched feed power of the high-frequency transmitter 20 passing through the second power transmission path in advance on the path for cooling the high-frequency cavity 10, so that the refrigeration efficiency of the buffer cooling device 40 on the high-frequency cavity 10 is in an asynchronous relationship with the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter 20. Therefore, by using the power and cooling synchronization connection line 60 and its connection relationship and matching with the components of the cavity exercise acceleration device, the refrigeration efficiency of the buffer cooling device 40 on the high-frequency cavity 10 and the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter 20 can be optimized from the synchronization relationship to the asynchronous relationship of buffer cooling in the use of cavity exercise.
The invention also relates to providing a charged particle cyclotron, which is achieved using the technical solution of the cavity exercise acceleration device of any one of the above examples or a possible combination of the technical solutions thereof.
The following description is presented for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which can be combined with fig. 1, and includes the following steps.
Step S1: during the high-frequency cavity exercise with magnetic field and vacuum, parameters of the high-frequency transmitter 20 are adjusted to match the impedance of the high-frequency transmitter 20 and the high-frequency cavity 10, and the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter 20 enters the high-frequency cavity 10 through a first power transmission path and takes away the thermal power of the high-frequency cavity 10 through cooling. The cooling described above may use the internal circulation cooling liquid of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41 of the first embodiment to carry away the thermal power of the high frequency cavity 10, and other known cooling devices may be used. In addition, the high-frequency chamber 10 may also operate as in step S1 during the charged particle acceleration operation, and the chamber exercise acceleration method of this example may be applied to a chamber exercise stage before the start of the proton/heavy ion accelerator or to an emergency chamber exercise stage when an abnormality occurs in the charged particle acceleration operation stage, and the applicable accelerator is preferably a compact superconducting cyclotron.
Step S2: redistributing the feed power of the high frequency transmitter 20 to a second power transfer path not connected to the high frequency cavity 10 when multiple electron multiplication occurs intermittently on the cavity surface of the high frequency cavity 10; at the same time, the heat generated by the second power transmission path is received to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity 10, wherein the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity 10 when power is not fed is relatively lower than that when power is fed.
Therefore, by adopting the above technical scheme, when multiple electron multiplication effect occurs, the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity 10 when power is not fed in can be passively reduced, so that the cavity exercise of the high-frequency cavity 10 is accelerated.
With respect to a specific application of step S2, during the operation from the stop of the accelerator to the start-up, the high-frequency cavity 10 will be surface-coated with traces left by intermittent multi-electron effects when stopping the magnetic field and vacuum; at the same time, the high frequency cavity 10 adsorbs gas molecules in the atmosphere during the formation of the surface coating. After the vacuum condition is re-established in step S1, the high frequency chamber is continuously evacuated for high frequency exercise. These gases again break the vacuum conditions in step S2, breaking the established high frequency electric field. Vacuum and magnetic field conditions are then established and as continuous power is fed into the high frequency cavity, multiple electron multiplication effects occurring intermittently on the cavity surface cause the cavity impedance and frequency to change. When the working condition occurs, the power of the high-frequency transmitter enters the dummy load device connected with the circulator through the circulator. At the moment, heat generated by the dummy load is taken away by circulating water, and the circulating water maintains the temperature of the high-frequency cavity loop through the heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the high-frequency cavity is maintained, the high-frequency cavity is enabled to be in a faster air outlet rate, and the high-frequency exercise of the stage is accelerated.
Regarding a more specific operation after the connection step S2, in the present embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent actions, the cavity exercise acceleration method may further include:
step S3: maintaining the temperature stability of the high frequency chamber 10 when power is not fed in, so that the gas in the high frequency chamber 10 is exhausted, and the specific temperature stability time can be set to be at least 30 minutes or more;
Step S4: the above power feeding, buffer cooling when power is not fed, and temperature-stabilizing exhaust when power is not fed are sequentially and reciprocally performed, so as to gradually reduce the amplitude of the excitation signal until the cavity voltage of the high-frequency cavity 10 drops to the excessive electron effect region.
Therefore, the power is utilized to perform stable temperature exhaust when power is not fed in, buffer cooling is performed when power is not fed in and stable temperature exhaust is performed when power is not fed in an orderly reciprocating manner, the operation of pulse exercise can be simulated, the pulse exercise device has an exhaust effect superior to that of pulse exercise alone, the high-frequency exercise process is completed more quickly, and the key components of the cyclotron are protected better.
Without limitation, instead of the above-described cavity exercise acceleration method being performed with the cavity exercise acceleration device of the first embodiment, in different variant embodiments, the above-described cavity exercise acceleration method may also be performed using a charged particle cyclotron having the same or similar power redistribution buffering and buffer cooling functions.
When the cavity exercise acceleration method described above is performed using the cavity exercise acceleration device of the first embodiment, it has more specific advantageous effects as follows: by adding the circulator 31, when the transmitter 20 and the high frequency cavity 10 are not matched, the power fed by the transmitter 20 automatically enters the dummy loader 32; as the dummy load 32 absorbs power from the transmitter 20, this energy can be carried away by the circulating water of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 and then transferred to the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 of the high frequency chamber in the heat exchanger 43 to maintain the temperature of the high frequency chamber 10, thereby achieving the purpose of accelerating the surface air outlet of the chamber and further achieving the technical effect of accelerating the exercise of the high frequency chamber of the specific accelerator.
One or more embodiments of the present invention are provided as preferred embodiments for facilitating understanding and implementation of the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in this way, and all equivalent changes made in the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron, characterized in that the charged particle cyclotron to which the cavity exercise acceleration device is applied comprises a high frequency cavity (10) and a high frequency transmitter (20) feeding the high frequency cavity (10) with power via a first power transfer path, the cavity exercise acceleration device comprising:
-power redistribution means (30) switching the feed power of said high frequency transmitter (20) to a second power transfer path for redistributing the feed power fed by said high frequency cavity (10);
-buffer cooling means (40) for cooling the high frequency cavity (10) in an orderly manner, first by receiving the heat generated by the second power transfer path;
The power redistribution device (30) comprises a circulator (31) and a dummy load device (32), the high-frequency transmitter (20) is respectively connected to the dummy load device (32) and the high-frequency cavity (10) through the circulator (31) and is used for selectively feeding power to any one of the high-frequency cavity (10) and the dummy load device (32), and the dummy load device (32) is used for receiving the power fed by the high-frequency transmitter (20) when multiple electron multiplication occurs intermittently on the cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity (10);
The buffer cooling device (40) comprises an inner circulation cooling loop (41), an outer circulation cooling loop (42) and a heat exchanger (43), wherein the inner circulation cooling loop (41) is used for cooling the high-frequency cavity (10), the outer circulation cooling loop (42) indirectly exchanges heat with the inner circulation cooling loop (41) through the heat exchanger (43), and the dummy load device (32) is arranged in a cooling path from the outer circulation cooling loop (42) to the heat exchanger (43);
The first power transfer path comprises a first feed-in pipe (51) connecting the high frequency transmitter (20) to the circulator (31) and a second feed-in pipe (52) connecting the circulator (31) to the high frequency cavity (10), the second power transfer path comprises a first feed-in pipe (51) connecting the high frequency transmitter (20) to the circulator (31) and a third feed-in pipe (53) connecting the circulator (31) to the dummy load (32);
a second circulating pump and a refrigerator (45) are arranged on a cooling path of the external circulating cooling loop (42), and the dummy load (32) is positioned between the refrigerator (45) and the heat exchanger (43); a synchronous power and cooling connecting line (60) is connected between a refrigerator (45) of the buffer cooling device (40) and the high-frequency transmitter (20), and the buffer cooling device (40) precools the feed-in power of the switched high-frequency transmitter (20) in advance on a path for cooling the high-frequency cavity (10) through heat generated by the second power transmission path, so that the refrigerating efficiency of the buffer cooling device (40) to the high-frequency cavity (10) and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter (20) are in an asynchronous relationship.
2. The cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to claim 1, characterized in that a first circulation pump (44) is provided on the cooling path of the internal circulation cooling circuit (41) for providing fluid power of the internal circulation cooling liquid heat exchanged by the heat exchanger (43) to the high frequency cavity (10).
3. The cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger (43) provides only heat exchange, the inner circulation cooling liquid of the inner circulation cooling circuit (41) and the outer circulation cooling liquid of the outer circulation cooling circuit (42) are not interconnected.
4. A charged particle cyclotron, characterized by comprising a cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to any one of claims 1-3.
5. A cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron, characterized in that it is implemented based on a cavity exercise acceleration device of a charged particle cyclotron according to any one of claims 1-3, the cavity exercise acceleration method comprising:
During a cavity exercise with a magnetic field and vacuum, adjusting parameters of a high-frequency transmitter (20), enabling the high-frequency transmitter (20) to be in impedance matching with a high-frequency cavity (10), enabling feed power of the high-frequency transmitter (20) to enter the high-frequency cavity (10) through a first power transmission path, and taking away thermal power of the high-frequency cavity (10) through cooling; and
Redistributing the feed power of the high frequency transmitter (20) to a second power transfer path not connecting the high frequency cavity (10) when multiple electron multiplication occurs intermittently on the cavity surface of the high frequency cavity (10); at the same time, the heat generated by the second power transmission path is accepted to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity (10), wherein the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity (10) is relatively lower when power is not fed in than when power is fed in.
6. The method of cavity exercise acceleration of a charged particle cyclotron according to claim 5, further comprising:
maintaining the temperature of the high frequency cavity (10) stable when power is not fed in, so as to facilitate the discharge of the gas in the high frequency cavity (10);
the power feeding, buffer cooling when the power is not fed and temperature stabilization and air exhaust when the power is not fed are sequentially and reciprocally carried out, so that the amplitude of an excitation signal is gradually reduced until the cavity voltage of the high-frequency cavity (10) drops to an excessive electronic effect area.
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