CN110913560A - Cavity exercise accelerating device and method of charged particle cyclotron and cyclotron - Google Patents
Cavity exercise accelerating device and method of charged particle cyclotron and cyclotron Download PDFInfo
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- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20272—Accessories for moving fluid, for expanding fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid, for removing gas or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cavity exercising and accelerating device and method of a charged particle cyclotron, and the charged particle cyclotron. In a specific example, the power redistributing device comprises a circulator and a dummy load for providing a power transmission path which is not connected to the high-frequency cavity, and in a more specific example, the buffer cooling device comprises an inner circulation cooling loop, an outer circulation cooling loop and a heat exchanger, and the dummy load is arranged in a cooling path of the outer circulation cooling loop to the heat exchanger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of proton/heavy ion charged particle acceleration, in particular to a cavity exercise accelerating device and method of a charged particle cyclotron and the cyclotron, wherein one specific charged particle can be used as a proton and refers to a free ion with the mass number equal to or greater than 1, and the other specific charged particle can be used as a heavy ion and refers to a free ion with the mass number greater than or equal to 4.
Background
The multiple electron multiplication effect has a critical influence on the operation quality of the charged particle cyclotron, and the vacuum degree is less than 1 x 10-5In mbar, a small amount of rf power is sufficient to generate frequency, power and distance dependent electron cloud oscillations at the metal geometry surface of the cavity with a secondary electron emission coefficient higher than 1, so that the cyclotron cannot work properly.
Generally, a charged particle cyclotron mainly comprises an ion source system, a particle transport system, a main magnet, a high-frequency system, a vacuum system, various auxiliary systems, and the like. The high-frequency system is generally composed of three parts, namely a high-frequency accelerating electrode, a high-frequency resonant cavity and a high-frequency power source. The high-frequency system is used for providing high-frequency voltage necessary for the cyclotron for ions, is one of the most basic components in the accelerator, and long-time cavity exercise is needed to keep the working state of the high-frequency resonant cavity stable so as to eliminate the harmful effects caused by the multiple electron multiplication effect as much as possible.
The current internationally common cavity exercise method is to use pulses with short repetition period for exercise, the safety factor is higher, but a large amount of exercise time is inevitably consumed. This is because the high frequency resonant cavity of the cyclotron is a nonlinear load, and under the effect of multiple electron multiplication, the generation of electron cloud in the high frequency cavity will affect the matching of the high frequency system in the radio frequency range, and when the energy of electron bombardment cannot be limited, the change and failure of the surface material in the high frequency cavity will be caused, and even the key components such as the radio frequency ceramic coupling window of the cyclotron will be damaged. For example, the compact cyclotron is narrow in space, various in materials and complex in structure, and especially when a high-frequency cavity electrode is in a fringe field of a magnet peak and valley region, the above objective factors aggravate the operation complexity of the cyclotron due to the multiple electron multiplication effect.
The patent application publication number CN108633160A of the original applicant in China discloses a beam cooling device of a proton accelerator, which belongs to the field of proton accelerators and comprises a heat-conducting beam blocking body, wherein a storage groove is formed in the side wall of the heat-conducting beam blocking body, and cooling liquid is stored in the groove; the heat conduction beam flow blocking body is connected with one end of the hollow pipe body, the other end of the hollow pipe body is connected with the heat conduction condensing body, and a cooling inner cavity for cooling liquid is formed among the groove of the heat conduction beam flow blocking body, the inner cavity of the hollow pipe body and the condensing body. Thus, it has been disclosed that the proton accelerator can be cooled by heat dissipation by means of heat conduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a cavity exercise accelerating device of a charged particle cyclotron, which can increase the circulating temperature of a cooling loop of a high frequency cavity in a passive buffer cooling manner when insufficient exercise occurs during the cavity exercise process, so as to increase the air outlet speed of the high frequency cavity and effectively shorten the exercise time of the high frequency cavity.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a charged particle cyclotron, which uses the aforementioned cavity exercise accelerating device to achieve the technical effect of exercising and accelerating the cavity of the high frequency cavity of the cyclotron.
The third objective of the present invention is to provide a cavity body exercise acceleration method for a charged particle cyclotron, which is used to accelerate the exhaust of a high frequency cavity, make the high frequency cavity faster and have too many electron effect regions, and reduce the time from the first debugging to the running condition of the accelerator.
The first invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the cavity body exercising and accelerating device of the charged particle cyclotron is suitable for the cavity body exercising and accelerating device, the charged particle cyclotron comprises a high-frequency cavity and a high-frequency transmitter, power is fed into the high-frequency cavity through a first power transmission path, and the cavity body exercising and accelerating device comprises a power redistribution device and a buffer cooling device. The power redistributing device switches the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter to the second power transmission path and redistributes the feed power fed by the high-frequency cavity, and the buffer cooling device cools the heat generated by the second power transmission path in an orderly mode and then cools the high-frequency cavity.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the cavity exercising accelerating device is used for cavity exercising of the charged particle cyclotron, the power redistributing device and the buffer cooling device are utilized, when the cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity intermittently generates the multi-electron multiplication effect, the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter can be redistributed to the second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity, and meanwhile, the high-frequency cavity can be subjected to buffer cooling by heat generated by the second power transmission path, so that the circulating temperature of a cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity is increased in a passive buffer cooling mode, the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity is increased, and the exercising time of the high-frequency cavity is effectively shortened.
The present invention in a first preferred example may be further configured to: the power redistribution device comprises a circulator and a dummy loader, the high-frequency transmitter is respectively connected to the dummy loader and the high-frequency cavity through the circulator and is used for selectively feeding power to any one of the high-frequency cavity and the dummy loader, and the dummy loader is used for receiving the power fed by the high-frequency transmitter when multiple electron multiplication reactions occur intermittently on the surface of the cavity of the high-frequency cavity.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the power redistribution function of switching the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter is realized by utilizing the combination relation of the circulator and the dummy load.
The present invention in a first concrete aspect of the first preferred example may be further configured to: the buffer cooling device comprises an inner circulation cooling loop, an outer circulation cooling loop and a heat exchanger, wherein the inner circulation cooling loop is used for cooling the high-frequency cavity, the outer circulation cooling loop indirectly exchanges heat with the inner circulation cooling loop through the heat exchanger, and the dummy load is arranged in a cooling path from the outer circulation cooling loop to the heat exchanger.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the buffering and cooling function that the buffering and cooling device cools the dummy load device in an orderly mode and maintains the temperature of the high-frequency cavity is realized by utilizing the combination relationship of the external circulation cooling loop and the heat exchanger.
The present invention in a second concrete aspect of the first preferred example may be further configured to: the first power transfer path includes a first feeding tube connecting the high frequency transmitter to the circulator and a second feeding tube connecting the circulator to the high frequency cavity, and the second power transfer path includes a first feeding tube connecting the high frequency transmitter to the circulator and a third feeding tube connecting the circulator to the dummy load.
By adopting the above preferred technical solution, the first feed-in pipe is connected to the second feed-in pipe and the third feed-in pipe through the circulator, so that the first power transmission path and the second power transmission path are shared in a section connected to the high-frequency transmitter.
The present invention may be further configured, in a specific structure of the first specific aspect of the first preferred example, such that: and a first circulating pump is arranged on a cooling path of the internal circulation cooling loop and used for providing fluid power from the internal circulation cooling liquid subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger to the high-frequency cavity.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the closed cooling path construction of the inner circulation cooling loop can be realized by utilizing the circulating pump of the inner circulation cooling loop, the buffer cooling of the high-frequency cavity is facilitated, and the inspection and maintenance of the outer circulation cooling loop are facilitated.
The present invention may be further specifically configured in a specific structure of the first specific aspect of the first preferred example as follows: the heat exchanger only provides heat exchange, the internal circulation cooling liquid of the internal circulation cooling loop is not communicated with the external circulation cooling liquid of the external circulation cooling loop, or/and a second circulation pump and a refrigerating machine are arranged on a cooling path of the external circulation cooling loop, and the dummy load device is positioned between the refrigerating machine and the heat exchanger.
By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the heat exchanger only provides heat exchange and is not communicated with cooling liquid, so that a closed cooling path of the two internal and external circulation cooling loops is realized, or/and the dummy load device is positioned between the refrigerating machine and the heat exchanger, so that the technical effect that the buffer cooling device firstly cools the dummy load device and then cools the high-frequency cavity in an orderly mode can be realized.
The present invention in a second preferred example may be further configured to: a power and cooling synchronous connecting line is connected between a refrigerating machine of the buffer cooling device and the high-frequency transmitter, the buffer cooling device pre-cools heat generated by the switched feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter through the second power transmission path in advance on a path for cooling the high-frequency cavity, and the refrigeration efficiency of the buffer cooling device to the high-frequency cavity and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter are in asynchronous relation.
By adopting the above preferred technical scheme, the assembly of the cavity exercise accelerating device which is connected with the cavity exercise accelerating device by synchronous connection of power and cooling is utilized, so that the refrigeration efficiency of the high-frequency cavity by the buffer cooling device and the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter can be optimized to be in asynchronous relation of buffer cooling from synchronous relation in the cavity exercise use.
The second object of the present invention is achieved by a charged particle cyclotron using the technical solution of the cavity exercise accelerating device of any one of the above examples or a possible combination of multiple technical solutions thereof.
The third invention purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cavity exercising and accelerating method of a charged particle cyclotron is provided, wherein in the cavity exercising process with a magnetic field and vacuum, parameters of a high-frequency transmitter are adjusted, so that the high-frequency transmitter is matched with impedance of a high-frequency cavity, feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter enters the high-frequency cavity through a first power transmission path, and heat power of the high-frequency cavity is taken away through cooling, when multiple electron multiplication reaction intermittently occurs on the surface of the cavity of the high-frequency cavity, the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter is redistributed to a second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity, meanwhile, heat generated by the second power transmission path is received to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity, and the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity when power is not fed in is relatively lower than that when power is fed in.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when taking place many electron times and increase effect, can reduce passively the heat exchange efficiency of high frequency chamber when power is not fed in realizes the cavity of high frequency chamber is taken exercise and is accelerated.
The present invention in a third preferred example may be further configured to: the cavity exercise accelerating method further comprises the following steps: and orderly and repeatedly carrying out the power feeding, the buffer cooling when the power is not fed and the temperature-stabilizing exhaust when the power is not fed so as to gradually reduce the amplitude of the excitation signal until the cavity voltage of the high-frequency cavity falls to the region over the multi-electron effect.
Through adopting above-mentioned preferred technical scheme, steady temperature is discharged and in an orderly reciprocating way carries out power feed-in when utilizing power not to feed in, and buffer cooling when power is not fed in and steady temperature is discharged when power is not fed in, can also simulate the operation that the pulse was taken exercise, and has the exhaust effect that is superior to single use pulse and takes exercise, and the process is taken exercise to the higher completion high frequency, has better protection effect to cyclotron's key component.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. when the exercise deficiency occurs in the cavity exercise process, the circulating temperature of the high-frequency cavity cooling loop can be increased in a passive buffer cooling mode, so that the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity is increased, and the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity is effectively shortened;
2. the cyclotron has the exercise acceleration function of a high-frequency cavity;
3. the exhaust of the high-frequency cavity is accelerated, the high-frequency cavity is enabled to have a faster speed and an excessive electronic effect area, the time from the first debugging to the running working condition of the accelerator is reduced, or the operation of pulse exercise can be simulated, the exhaust effect superior to that of single-use pulse exercise is achieved, the high-frequency exercise process is completed faster, and the protection effect on key components of the cyclotron is better;
4. when the high-frequency transmitter is not matched with the high-frequency cavity, power automatically enters the dummy load device; the dummy load device absorbs the power of the high-frequency transmitter, and the generated energy is preferentially taken away by the outer circulation cooling loop and then is transmitted to the inner circulation cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity in the heat exchanger so as to maintain the temperature of the high-frequency cavity and achieve the purpose of accelerating the air outlet of the cavity surface of the high-frequency cavity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a cavity exercise accelerator of a charged particle cyclotron according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numeral 10 is a high-frequency cavity, 20 is a high-frequency transmitter, 30 is a power redistribution device, 31 is a circulator, 32 is a dummy load, 40 is a buffer cooling device, 41 is an internal circulation cooling loop, 42 is an external circulation cooling loop, 43 is a heat exchanger, 44 is a first circulation pump, 45 is a refrigerator, 51 is a first feed-in pipe, 52 is a second feed-in pipe, 53 is a third feed-in pipe, and 60 is a power and cooling synchronous connecting line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
The cavity exercise accelerator and the cavity exercise accelerating method of the charged particle cyclotron according to the present invention will be described in further detail below, but should not limit the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a cavity exercise accelerator of a charged particle cyclotron for a first embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, the cavity exercise accelerator is applied to a charged particle cyclotron and includes a high frequency cavity 10 and a high frequency transmitter 20 feeding power to the high frequency cavity 10 via a first power transmission path, wherein the high frequency transmitter 20 specifically provides accelerating power in a radio frequency range, and the high frequency cavity 10 is a chamber for accelerating charged particles such as protons or heavy ions. The cavity exercise accelerating device comprises a power redistribution device 30 and a buffer cooling device 40. The power redistributing means 30 switches the feed power of the hf transmitter 20 to the second power transfer path for redistributing the feed power fed to the hf cavity 10, and the buffer cooling means 40 cools the heat generated by the second power transfer path in an orderly manner before cooling the hf cavity 10.
Therefore, by adopting the above technical scheme, when the cavity body exercise accelerating device is used for cavity body exercise of the charged particle cyclotron, the power redistribution device 30 and the buffer cooling device 40 are utilized, when the multiple electron multiplication effect intermittently occurs on the surface of the cavity body of the high-frequency cavity 10, the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter 20 can be redistributed to the second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity 10, and meanwhile, the buffer cooling device 40 can receive heat generated by the second power transmission path to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity 10, so that the circulating temperature of the cooling loop of the high-frequency cavity 10 is increased in a passive buffer cooling mode, the air outlet speed of the high-frequency cavity 10 is increased, and the exercise time of the high-frequency cavity 10 is effectively shortened.
Regarding a specific aspect of the power redistribution device 30, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, the power redistribution device 30 includes a circulator 31 and a dummy loader 32, the high frequency transmitter 20 is respectively connected to the dummy loader 32 and the high frequency cavity 10 via the circulator 31 for selectively feeding power to either one of the high frequency cavity 10 and the dummy loader 32, and the dummy loader 32 is used for receiving power fed by the high frequency transmitter 20 when multiple electron multiplication reaction intermittently occurs on the cavity surface of the high frequency cavity 10. Therefore, the power redistribution function for switching the power fed by the high frequency transmitter 20 is realized by the combined relationship of the circulator 31 and the dummy loader 32. The circulator 31 is an electronic device that can be used for communication or power output, in this example for changing the feed direction of the accelerating power of the high frequency transmitter 20. The dummy load device 32 is capable of receiving the accelerated power from the hf transmitter 20 after changing direction to generate a dummy load state, and the accelerated power is partially converted into heat energy without affecting the hf cavity 10. More preferably, the dummy load 32 simulates the degree of loading of the hf cavity 10 when receiving the boost power, allows frequency matching to the hf cavity 10, impedance matching to the hf transmitter 20, and can withstand the power it transmits.
As for a specific aspect of the first power transfer path and the second power transfer path, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, the first power transfer path includes a first feeding pipe 51 connecting the high frequency transmitter 20 to the circulator 31 and a second feeding pipe 52 connecting the circulator 31 to the high frequency cavity 10, and the second power transfer path includes a first feeding pipe 51 connecting the high frequency transmitter 20 to the circulator 31 and a third feeding pipe 53 connecting the circulator 31 to the dummy load 32. Therefore, the first power transmission path and the second power transmission path are shared in the section connected to the high frequency transmitter 20 by the first feeding tube 51 passing through the circulator 31 to the second feeding tube 52 and the third feeding tube 53. The feed tube as described above may be a concentric copper tube in one configuration and may be referred to by name as a feed tube.
With respect to a specific aspect of the buffer cooling device 40, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, the buffer cooling device 40 includes an inner circulation cooling circuit 41, an outer circulation cooling circuit 42, and a heat exchanger 43, the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 is used for cooling the high-frequency cavity 10, the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 is indirectly heat-exchanged with the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 through the heat exchanger 43, and the dummy load 32 is disposed in a cooling path of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 to the heat exchanger 43. therefore, a buffer cooling function of the buffer cooling device 40 for cooling the dummy load 32 first and for re-cooling the high-frequency cavity 10 in an orderly manner is achieved by using a combination relationship of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 and the heat exchanger 43. in a more specific example, a fluid circulation direction of the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 is specifically shown by a right-side arrow in fig. 1, a cooling path through the inner circulation cooling circuit 35 and the heat exchanger 42 is shown by a left-side arrow in fig. 1, a fluid circulation direction of the outer circulation cooling circuit 42 is specifically shown by a left-side arrow in fig. ①, a cooling path ③ in fig. a fluid circulation path through the inner circulation cooling circuit 41 and a fluid circulation cooling circuit 43 is provided at a cooling circuit 43, and a cooling circuit 41 is provided at a cooling circuit inlet end of the heat exchanger 41 and a cooling circuit 43 which is provided at a cooling circuit 43 which is capable of a cooling circuit outlet of a cooling circuit 41 which is provided in a cooling circuit 41 and a cooling circuit outlet which is provided in a cooling circuit which is capable of a cooling circuit capable of generating a cooling effect.
With regard to an example structure of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, a first circulation pump 44 is provided in a cooling path of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41 for supplying fluid power of the internal circulation cooling fluid heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 43 to the high-frequency chamber 10. Therefore, with the circulation pump of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41, it is possible to realize a closed cooling path construction of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41, facilitate buffer cooling of the high-frequency cavity 10, and facilitate inspection and maintenance of the external circulation cooling circuit 42.
With regard to a specific aspect of the heat exchanger 43, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent function, the heat exchanger 43 only provides heat exchange, and the internal circulation coolant of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41 is not communicated with the external circulation coolant of the external circulation cooling circuit 42. Therefore, only heat exchange is provided by the heat exchanger 43 and the cooling liquids are not communicated with each other, so that a closed cooling path of the two internal and external circulation cooling circuits 41 and 42 is realized.
With regard to an example structure of the external circulation cooling circuit 42, a second circulation pump (not shown) and a refrigerator 45 are provided on a cooling path of the external circulation cooling circuit 42, and the dummy load 32 is located between the refrigerator 45 and the heat exchanger 43. Therefore, with the dummy load 32 located between the refrigerator 45 and the heat exchanger 43, the technical effect of the buffer cooling device 40 cooling the dummy load 32 first and maintaining the temperature of the high-frequency cavity 10 in an orderly manner can be achieved. In a preferred structure, the refrigerator 45 has both cooling and heating functions, so that the outlet water temperature of the refrigerator of the heat exchange unit can be higher than the outlet water temperature of the refrigerator unit during the exercise process without the power fed to the high-frequency cavity 10. The refrigerator 45 may be specifically an air-water heat exchanger unit.
With respect to a specific connection aspect of the refrigerator 45, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, a power and cooling synchronous connection line 60 may be connected between the refrigerator 45 of the buffer cooling device 40 and the hf transmitter 20, such that the connection path at the position ⑦ as shown in fig. 1 may allow the feeding power of the hf transmitter 20 and the cooling power of the refrigerator 45 to be positively correlated, which facilitates the cooling of the hf cavity 10 during the acceleration of charged particles, and further, the buffer cooling device 40 may be utilized to pre-cool the heat generated by the switched feeding power of the hf transmitter 20 through the second power transfer path on the path for cooling the hf cavity 10, such that the cooling efficiency of the hf cavity 10 by the buffer cooling device 40 and the feeding power of the hf transmitter 20 are in asynchronous relation, and therefore, the cooling efficiency of the hf cavity 10 by the buffer cooling device 40 and the connection line 60 and the connection relation thereof may be optimized by the synchronous relation of the cooling of the feeding power of the hf transmitter 20 in the exercise of the cavity.
The invention also relates to the provision of a charged particle cyclotron, made using the solution of any of the above examples of cavity exercise acceleration means, or a possible combination of several solutions thereof.
The following description is given for the sake of facilitating understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which can be seen in fig. 1, including the following steps.
In step S1, during the exercise of the hf cavity body with magnetic field and vacuum, parameters of the hf transmitter 20 are adjusted such that the hf transmitter 20 is impedance-matched to the hf cavity 10, the power fed from the hf transmitter 20 enters the hf cavity 10 via a first power transmission path and the heating power of the hf cavity 10 is taken away by cooling. The aforementioned cooling can be carried out by using the internal circulation cooling liquid of the internal circulation cooling circuit 41 of the first embodiment to remove the thermal power of the high-frequency cavity 10, and other known cooling devices can be used. In addition, the high-frequency cavity 10 may also be operated as in step S1 when the charged particles accelerate, and the cavity exercise acceleration method of this example may be applied to the cavity exercise stage before the proton/heavy ion accelerator is started, or may be applied to the emergency cavity exercise stage when an abnormality occurs in the charged particle acceleration operation stage, and the accelerator that is suitable for use is a compact superconducting cyclotron as a preferred choice.
And step S2, when the multiple electron times synergistic effect intermittently occurs on the surface of the high-frequency cavity 10, redistributing the feed-in power of the high-frequency transmitter 20 to a second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity 10, and receiving heat generated by the second power transmission path to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity 10, wherein the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity 10 when the power is not fed in is relatively lower than that when the power is fed in.
Therefore, by adopting the technical scheme, when multi-electron time synergistic reaction occurs, the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity 10 when power is not fed in can be passively reduced, and the cavity body of the high-frequency cavity 10 is trained and accelerated.
In a specific application of step S2, the trace of the intermittent multiple electron effect is surface-coated when the high-frequency cavity 10 stops the magnetic field and vacuum during the operation from the shutdown of the accelerator to the startup, and the high-frequency cavity 10 adsorbs the gas molecules in the atmosphere during the formation of the surface coating. After the vacuum condition is re-established in step S1, the high-frequency chamber continuously exhausts the gas during the high-frequency exercise. These gases again break the vacuum conditions, breaking the established high frequency electric field in step S2. Vacuum and magnetic field conditions are then established, and as continuous power is fed into the high frequency cavity, the intermittent multiple electron multiplication effects at the cavity surface cause the cavity impedance and frequency to change. When the working condition occurs, the power of the high-frequency transmitter enters the dummy load connected with the circulator through the circulator. The heat that dummy load produced at this moment is taken away by the circulating water, and these circulating water pass through the heat exchanger and maintain the temperature in high frequency chamber return circuit, and then keep the temperature in high frequency chamber, make high frequency chamber be in faster rate of giving vent to anger for the high frequency of this stage is taken exercise.
Regarding a more specific operation after the connection step S2, in this embodiment or other similar examples of equivalent functions, the cavity exercise accelerating method may further include:
step S3, maintaining the temperature of the high-frequency cavity 10 stable when power is not fed in, so as to facilitate the gas discharge in the high-frequency cavity 10, wherein the specific temperature stabilizing time can be set to be at least more than 30 minutes;
step S4, sequentially and repeatedly performing the above-mentioned power feeding, buffer cooling when power is not fed, and temperature stabilization exhaust when power is not fed, so as to gradually reduce the amplitude of the excitation signal until the cavity voltage of the high frequency cavity 10 drops to the region where the multi-electron effect is exceeded.
Therefore, the device can simulate the pulse exercise operation by utilizing the temperature-stabilizing exhaust when the power is not fed in and orderly reciprocating power feeding in, buffer cooling when the power is not fed in and temperature-stabilizing exhaust when the power is not fed in, has the exhaust effect superior to that of single pulse exercise, can finish the high-frequency exercise process more quickly, and has better protection effect on the key components of the cyclotron.
Without limitation, in addition to the cavity exercise acceleration method described above being performed with the cavity exercise acceleration apparatus of the first embodiment, in different variations, the cavity exercise acceleration method described above may also be performed using a charged particle cyclotron having the same or similar power redistribution buffering and cooling functions.
When the cavity exercise accelerating device of the first embodiment is used for carrying out the cavity exercise accelerating method, the cavity exercise accelerating device has the following more specific beneficial effects: by adding the setting of the circulator 31, when the transmitter 20 and the high-frequency cavity 10 are not matched, the power fed by the transmitter 20 automatically enters the dummy load 32; with the power of the transmitter 20 absorbed by the dummy load 32, the energy can be taken away by the circulating water of the external circulation cooling loop 42 and then transferred to the internal circulation cooling loop 41 of the high frequency cavity in the heat exchanger 43 to maintain the temperature of the high frequency cavity 10, so as to achieve the purpose of accelerating the air outlet of the cavity surface, and further achieve the technical effect of accelerating the exercise of the high frequency cavity of the specific accelerator.
One or more embodiments of the present invention are provided as preferred embodiments for easy understanding or implementing of the technical solutions of the present invention, and not by way of limitation, and all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cavity exercise accelerator apparatus of a charged particle cyclotron, which is characterized in that the charged particle cyclotron to which the cavity exercise accelerator apparatus is applied includes a high frequency cavity (10) and a high frequency transmitter (20) that feeds power to the high frequency cavity (10) via a first power transfer path, the cavity exercise accelerator apparatus comprising:
a power redistribution device (30) for switching the feed-in power of the HF transmitter (20) to a second power transfer path for redistributing the feed-in power fed in by the HF cavity (10), and
a buffer cooling device (40) for cooling the heat generated by the second power transmission path in an orderly manner and then cooling the high-frequency cavity (10).
2. The cavity exercise accelerator apparatus of a charged-particle cyclotron of claim 1, wherein the power redistribution means (30) comprises a circulator (31) and a dummy load (32), the high frequency transmitter (20) is individually connected to the dummy load (32) and the high frequency cavity (10) via the circulator (31) for selectively feeding power to either of the high frequency cavity (10) and the dummy load (32), the dummy load (32) is used for receiving power fed by the high frequency transmitter (20) when multiple electron multiplication reactions intermittently occur on the cavity surface of the high frequency cavity (10).
3. Cavity exercise accelerator arrangement for a charged particle cyclotron according to claim 2, characterized in that the buffer cooling means (40) comprises an inner circulation cooling circuit (41), an outer circulation cooling circuit (42) and a heat exchanger (43), the inner circulation cooling circuit (41) being used for cooling the high frequency cavity (10), the outer circulation cooling circuit (42) being in indirect heat exchange with the inner circulation cooling circuit (41) via the heat exchanger (43), the dummy load (32) being arranged in the cooling path of the outer circulation cooling circuit (42) to the heat exchanger (43).
4. Cavity exercise accelerator apparatus of charged particle cyclotron according to claim 2, characterized in that the first power transfer path comprises a first feed-in pipe (51) connecting the high frequency transmitter (20) to the circulator (31) and a second feed-in pipe (52) connecting the circulator (31) to the high frequency cavity (10), the second power transfer path comprises a first feed-in pipe (51) connecting the high frequency transmitter (20) to the circulator (31) and a third feed-in pipe (53) connecting the circulator (31) to the dummy load (32).
5. Cavity exercise accelerator arrangement of charged particle cyclotron according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling path of the inner circulation cooling loop (41) is provided with a first circulation pump (44) for providing fluid power of the inner circulation cooling liquid heat exchanged by the heat exchanger (43) to the high frequency cavity (10).
6. Cavity exercise accelerator arrangement of charged-particle cyclotron according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger (43) provides only heat exchange, the inner circulation coolant of the inner circulation cooling circuit (41) and the outer circulation coolant of the outer circulation cooling circuit (42) are not in communication with each other, or/and that the cooling path of the outer circulation cooling circuit (42) is provided with a second circulation pump and a refrigerator (45), the dummy load (32) is located between the refrigerator (45) and the heat exchanger (43).
7. The cavity exercise accelerator apparatus of a charged-particle cyclotron according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a power and cooling synchronization connection line (60) is connected between the refrigerator (45) of the buffer cooling apparatus (40) and the high frequency transmitter (20), and the buffer cooling apparatus (40) pre-cools the heat generated by the switched feed power of the high frequency transmitter (20) through the second power transfer path in advance on the path for cooling the high frequency cavity (10), so that the refrigeration efficiency of the high frequency cavity (10) by the buffer cooling apparatus (40) and the feed power of the high frequency transmitter (20) are in asynchronous relation.
8. Charged particle cyclotron, comprising a cavity exercise accelerator device of a charged particle cyclotron as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
during the exercise of the chamber with the magnetic field and vacuum, the parameters of the HF transmitter (20) are adjusted such that the HF transmitter (20) is impedance-matched to the HF cavity (10), the feed power of the HF transmitter (20) is fed into the HF cavity (10) via a first power transmission path and the heat power of the HF cavity (10) is removed by cooling, and
and when the multi-electron-times synergistic effect intermittently occurs on the surface of the high-frequency cavity (10), redistributing the feed power of the high-frequency transmitter (20) to a second power transmission path which is not connected with the high-frequency cavity (10), and meanwhile, receiving heat generated by the second power transmission path to buffer and cool the high-frequency cavity (10), wherein the heat exchange efficiency of the high-frequency cavity (10) when the power is not fed in is relatively lower than that when the power is fed in.
10. The cavity exercise acceleration method of a charged particle cyclotron according to claim 9, further comprising:
the temperature of the high-frequency cavity (10) is kept stable when power is not fed in, so that gas in the high-frequency cavity (10) can be discharged conveniently;
the power feeding, the buffer cooling when the power is not fed and the temperature stabilization exhaust when the power is not fed are orderly and repeatedly carried out, so that the amplitude of the excitation signal is gradually reduced until the cavity voltage of the high-frequency cavity (10) drops to a region with excessive electron effect.
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