CN110912455B - Broadband vibration energy harvester - Google Patents

Broadband vibration energy harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110912455B
CN110912455B CN201911121083.9A CN201911121083A CN110912455B CN 110912455 B CN110912455 B CN 110912455B CN 201911121083 A CN201911121083 A CN 201911121083A CN 110912455 B CN110912455 B CN 110912455B
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vibration
frequency
low
cantilever
energy harvester
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CN110912455A (en
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李平
许诺
王忠晶
张斌
安灵椿
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Beijing Machinery Equipment Research Institute
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Beijing Machinery Equipment Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186Vibration harvesters
    • H02N2/188Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband vibration energy harvester which comprises a low-frequency vibration structure, a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, a first movable magnet, a second movable magnet and a coil, wherein the low-frequency vibration structure comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam, one end of the first vibration beam is fixed, the free end of the first vibration beam and one end of the second vibration beam are fixedly connected with the first movable magnet respectively, the free end of the second vibration beam is fixedly connected with the second movable magnet, the coil and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam are positioned on two sides of the low-frequency vibration structure in the vibration direction, and the low-frequency vibration structure drives the first movable magnet and the second movable magnet to vibrate under vibration excitation so as to output electric energy respectively according to electromagnetic induction between the first movable magnet and the coil and piezoelectric effect of the second movable magnet touching the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam. The broadband vibration energy harvester has the low-frequency broadband energy harvesting effect, and can output larger voltage and larger current and have wider optimal load application range.

Description

Broadband vibration energy harvester
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy harvesting, and particularly relates to a vibration energy harvester.
Background
With the development of microsystem technology, the application fields and application ranges of various microdevices are more and more extensive, and particularly in the application environments with relatively limited closed, rotary and space sizes, the conventional energy supply mode cannot meet the new energy supply requirements integrated with the microdevices due to the limitation of the system size, the limited self-sustaining electric energy of the conventional battery, the poor adaptability of the connection mode energy supply environment and the like. Therefore, an energy harvesting technology which can work for a long time, occupies a small working space and has strong environmental adaptability becomes a research hotspot in the field of micro energy sources in recent years.
The energy harvesting technology converts vibration energy, heat energy and electromagnetic energy in the environment into electric energy to be supplied to a low-power-consumption device to work so as to replace the traditional energy supply mode or prolong the electric energy of a battery. Since the vibration energy is ubiquitous and sporadically unavailable, a vibration energy harvesting technology for converting vibration energy in the device environment into electric energy is one of the most widely and promising technologies. At present, the vibration energy harvesting technology mainly includes three types, namely a piezoelectric energy harvester based on a piezoelectric effect, an electromagnetic energy harvester based on an electromagnetic induction law and an electrostatic energy harvester based on a capacitance principle. The three types of energy harvesters have different characteristics, the piezoelectric energy harvester has larger output voltage, but larger internal resistance leads to smaller output current which is usually only a few microamperes to dozens of microamperes, and the optimal load generally reaches dozens of kilohms to 1 MOmega; the output current of the electromagnetic energy harvester is large, but the output voltage is only dozens to hundreds of millivolts, and the optimal load is usually dozens to hundreds of ohms; the electrostatic energy harvester needs an electret or a starting voltage to work normally, and the problem of small output current exists. Therefore, the vibration energy harvester based on a single mechanism cannot output a larger voltage and a larger current at the same time, and the application range of the optimal load is relatively limited, so two or more energy harvesting mechanisms need to be integrated on the same structure at the same time to achieve a wider application effect.
On the other hand, the working frequency in the application environment of the vibration energy harvester is mainly low-frequency vibration, and is mostly less than 200Hz, the output electric energy of the vibration energy harvester is inversely proportional to the vibration frequency, and the lower the vibration frequency is, the lower the output energy is. Therefore, the vibration energy harvester needs to solve the problem of small output electric energy in a low-frequency working environment. In addition, the vibration in the working environment of the vibration energy harvester is generally distributed in random vibration within a certain frequency band range, and in order to improve the application capability of the energy harvester in the practical application environment, the working bandwidth of the energy harvester needs to be widened to cover a wider working vibration frequency and improve the energy harvesting efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite vibration type energy harvester which integrates an up-conversion technology, a piezoelectric energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting action mechanism and has wide frequency band, large output voltage and large output current.
In order to achieve the purpose, the broadband vibration energy harvester comprises a low-frequency vibration structure, a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, a first moving magnet, a second moving magnet and a coil, the low-frequency vibration structure comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam, one end of the first vibration beam is fixed, the free end of the first vibrating beam and one end of the second vibrating beam are fixedly connected with the first moving magnet respectively, the free end of the second vibrating beam is fixedly connected with the second moving magnet, the coil and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam are positioned at two sides of the low-frequency vibrating structure in the vibrating direction, the low-frequency vibration structure drives the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet to vibrate under vibration excitation so as to generate vibration according to the electromagnetic induction between the first moving magnet and the coil, and the piezoelectric effect of the second moving magnet touching the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam respectively outputs electric energy.
Furthermore, the broadband vibration energy harvester further comprises a mounting and fixing structure, wherein supporting beams extending along the horizontal direction, the low-frequency vibration structure and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam are arranged on the mounting and fixing structure in the vertical direction at intervals, the low-frequency vibration structure is arranged between the supporting beams and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, and the coil is arranged on one side, facing the low-frequency vibration structure, of the supporting beams.
Furthermore, one end of the first vibrating beam is fixed on the installation fixing structure, one end of the second vibrating beam is fixed on the first moving magnet, and the free end of the second vibrating beam faces the installation fixing structure.
Further, the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet are arranged at intervals along the same horizontal plane, and the magnetism of the first moving magnet and the magnetism of the second moving magnet are the same.
Further, first vibration roof beam is for the two cantilever beams that include first cantilever and second cantilever, first cantilever with the second cantilever sets up along the parallel interval of horizontal direction, first moving magnet pressure is fixed first cantilever with the free end of second cantilever, the second vibration roof beam is located first cantilever with between the second cantilever, the second moves the magnet and links firmly the free end of second vibration roof beam.
Further, the horizontal distance between the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet ranges from 1.5mm to 5 mm.
Furthermore, the free end of the first vibrating beam is fixedly connected with a counterweight mass block, and the second movable magnet is fixedly connected with the free end of the second vibrating beam through the counterweight mass block.
Further, the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is of a multi-layer piezoelectric composite beam structure and sequentially comprises an upper electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a lower electrode layer and a support beam from top to bottom.
Further, the length of the first vibration beam is greater than the length of the second vibration beam.
Further, the length of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is larger than that of the first vibration beam.
According to the broadband vibration energy harvester, the low-frequency vibration structure, the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, the first moving magnet, the second moving magnet and the coil are integrated together to obtain the energy harvester with the piezoelectric energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting composite structure, and the broadband vibration energy harvester has the advantages of large output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester, large output current of the electromagnetic energy harvester and the like. In addition, the low-frequency vibration structure comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam which have different resonant frequencies, and the low-frequency vibration structure is provided with a multi-order working mode and can meet the requirement of low-frequency broadband working.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband vibration energy harvester according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a broadband vibration energy harvester according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency vibration structure in the broadband vibration energy harvester of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam in the broadband vibration energy harvester of the invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam in the broadband vibration energy harvester of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. However, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the broadband vibration energy harvester of the invention comprises a low-frequency vibration structure 1, a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, a first moving magnet 3, a second moving magnet 4 and a coil 5. The low-frequency vibration structure 1 comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam 12, one end of the first vibration beam is fixed, the free end of the first vibration beam and one end of the second vibration beam 12 are fixedly connected with the first movable magnet 3 respectively, the free end of the second vibration beam 12 is fixedly connected with the second movable magnet 4, the coil 5 and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 are positioned on two sides of the low-frequency vibration structure in the vibration direction, and the low-frequency vibration structure drives the first movable magnet and the second movable magnet to vibrate under vibration excitation so as to output electric energy respectively according to electromagnetic induction between the first movable magnet and the coil and piezoelectric effect of the second movable magnet touching the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam.
According to the broadband vibration energy harvester, the low-frequency vibration structure, the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, the first moving magnet, the second moving magnet and the coil are integrated together to obtain the energy harvester with the piezoelectric energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting composite structure, and the broadband vibration energy harvester has the advantages of large output voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvester, large output current of the electromagnetic energy harvester and the like. In addition, the low-frequency vibration structure comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam which have different resonant frequencies, and the low-frequency vibration structure is provided with a multi-order working mode and can meet the requirement of broadband working.
Optionally, the broadband vibration energy harvester further includes a mounting and fixing structure 6, wherein a support beam 7 extending in the horizontal direction, the low-frequency vibration structure 1 and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 are arranged in the vertical direction of the mounting and fixing structure 6 at intervals, the low-frequency vibration structure 1 is arranged between the support beam 7 and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, and the coil 5 is arranged on one side of the support beam 7 facing the low-frequency vibration structure 1. In this embodiment, the mounting and fixing structure 6 is a fixing block shaped like a cuboid, and the support beam 7, the low-frequency vibration structure 1 and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 are arranged on the mounting and fixing structure 6 at intervals along the vertical direction from top to bottom. The support beam 7, the low-frequency vibration structure 1 and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 extend in the horizontal direction, so that the low-frequency vibration structure 1 can vibrate under vibration excitation. It should be noted that the positions of the support beam 7, the low-frequency vibrating structure 1, and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 on the mounting and fixing structure 6 are not limited to these, and for example, the support beam 7, the low-frequency vibrating structure 1, and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 may be arranged at intervals from bottom to top, and the present invention is not limited to this.
The low-frequency vibration structure 1 comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam 12 with different resonant frequencies, one end of the first vibration beam is fixed, the other end of the first vibration beam is a free end, and the free end of the first vibration beam is fixedly connected with a first movable magnet 3. The upper part of the first moving magnet 3 is opposite to the coil 5, the first vibrating beam drives the first moving magnet 3 to vibrate under the vibration excitation to generate displacement change, so that the magnetic flux in the coil 5 is changed along with the displacement change, and electric energy is output according to the electromagnetic induction between the first moving magnet 3 and the coil 5. The first movable magnet 3 is fixedly connected with one end of the second vibrating beam 12, and the other end of the second vibrating beam 12 is fixedly connected with the second movable magnet 4. The first vibration beam vibrates under the vibration excitation to drive the second vibration beam 12 to vibrate, and further drive the second movable magnet 4 to vibrate and touch the piezoelectric effect of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 to output electric energy. The free end of the second vibrating beam 12 fixedly connected with the second moving magnet 4 faces the mounting and fixing structure 6, so that the occupied space of the whole structure can be saved, and the miniaturization of the energy harvester is facilitated.
The first moving magnet 3 and the second moving magnet 4 are arranged at intervals along the same horizontal plane and the magnetism of the first moving magnet 3 and the magnetism of the second moving magnet 4 are the same. The nonlinear repulsion between the first moving magnet 3 and the second moving magnet 4 is utilized to further improve the energy capture frequency band and increase the output electric energy. The first moving magnet 3 may be two magnets which are respectively bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the first vibration beam, and the second moving magnet 4 may be directly bonded to the free end of the second vibration beam 12 while keeping the magnetic pole surfaces of the first moving magnet 3 and the second moving magnet 4 opposite to each other. The horizontal distance between the first moving magnet 3 and the second moving magnet is preferably 1.5mm to 5 mm.
The lengths, thicknesses and widths of the first moving magnet 3, the first vibration beam, the second moving magnet 4 and the second vibration beam 12 can be optimally designed to realize different working frequencies.
The high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 is positioned at the lower side of the low-frequency vibration structure 1, one end of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is a fixed end, and the other end of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is a free end. The high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 is mechanically touched by the second moving magnet 4 and deforms to a certain displacement to output electric energy. The resonance frequency of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 is greater than that of the low-frequency vibration structure 1, so that high-frequency vibration energy harvesting caused by excitation at a relatively low vibration frequency is realized, and large electric energy is output. The high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is free to attenuate vibration response, and high-frequency vibration energy harvesting is realized. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 has a multilayer piezoelectric composite beam structure in the thickness direction, and includes an upper electrode layer 21, a piezoelectric layer 22, a lower electrode layer 23, and a support beam 24 in sequence from top to bottom, the widths of the upper electrode layer, the piezoelectric layer 22, and the support beam are respectively equal, and the piezoelectric layer 22 is a multilayer piezoelectric layer having multiple layers. The high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam has flexible deformation capacity, and the multiple piezoelectric layers are connected in parallel to improve output current. The upper electrode layer 21 is used for externally connecting a positive electrode lead; the piezoelectric layer 22 is positioned below the upper electrode layer 21; the lower electrode layer 23 is positioned at the lower layer of the piezoelectric layer 22 and is used for externally connecting a negative electrode lead; the support beam 24 is positioned under the lower electrode layer 23; the length of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 is larger than that of the low-frequency vibration structure 1. The material of the piezoelectric layer 22 can be PZT. The upper electrode layer 21 and the lower electrode layer 23 are used for connecting with an external load and outputting energy generated by the piezoelectric layer 22.
The coil 5 is located on the lower side of the first moving magnet 3 and is fixed to a support beam 7. The magnetic flux passing through the coil 5 changes with time due to the change in displacement of the first moving magnet 3, and electric energy is output from the coil 5. The coil 5 is a planar coil or a wound coil, and the planar coil can be composed of multiple layers. The electric energy output from the coil 5 is caused by the law of electromagnetic induction, and the load is in the range of tens of ohms to hundreds of ohms.
Optionally, the free end of the first vibrating beam is fixedly connected with a counterweight mass block 8, the second moving magnet 4 is fixedly connected with the free end of the second vibrating beam 12 through the counterweight mass block 8, and the counterweight mass block 8 is additionally arranged, so that the second moving magnet 4 can be ensured to touch the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 when the second vibrating beam 12 vibrates, and can also touch the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 along with the vibration of the second vibrating beam 12, and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 outputs electric energy under the piezoelectric effect of the touch of the second moving magnet 4 and the counterweight mass block 8. In the embodiment, the low-frequency vibration of the second moving magnet 4 and the counterweight mass block 8 along with the second vibration beam 12 is converted into the high-frequency vibration touching the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, so that the high-frequency vibration energy harvesting is excited at a relatively low-frequency vibration frequency, and a large electric energy is output. In addition, in practical application, the second moving magnet 4 and the counterweight mass block 8 can touch the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, and the first moving magnet 3 can touch the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 when vibrating along with the first vibrating beam, so that the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2 is deformed, and high-frequency vibration energy harvesting is excited under low-frequency vibration frequency, and larger electric energy is output. It should be noted that when the mass of the second moving magnet 4 is enough to vibrate with the second vibration beam 12 and touch the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, the counterweight mass 8 may be omitted.
Optionally, the first vibration beam is a double-cantilever beam including a first cantilever 111 and a second cantilever 112, and the first cantilever 111 and the second cantilever 112 are arranged in parallel at intervals along a horizontal direction, so as to save space.
Optionally, an electret can be added on the lower surface of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam 2, the lower surface of the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is used as an upper electrode of the electrostatic energy-trapping electret structure, and a lower electrode of the electrostatic energy-trapping electret structure is fixed on the shell, so that integration of three types of piezoelectric-electromagnetic-electrostatic energy trapping is realized.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A broadband vibration energy harvester is characterized by comprising a low-frequency vibration structure, a high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, a first movable magnet, a second movable magnet and a coil, wherein the low-frequency vibration structure comprises a first vibration beam and a second vibration beam, the first vibration beam comprises a double cantilever beam of a first cantilever and a second cantilever, the first cantilever and the second cantilever are arranged in parallel at intervals along the horizontal direction, one end of the first cantilever and one end of the second cantilever are fixed to form a fixed end, the second vibration beam is positioned between the first cantilever and the second cantilever, the free ends of the first cantilever and the second cantilever and the fixed end of the second vibration beam are fixedly connected with the first movable magnet respectively, the free end of the second vibration beam is fixedly connected with the second movable magnet, and the coil and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam are positioned on two sides of the low-frequency vibration structure in the vibration direction, the low-frequency vibration structure drives the first movable magnet and the second movable magnet to vibrate under vibration excitation, so that electric energy is respectively output according to electromagnetic induction between the first movable magnet and the coil and the piezoelectric effect of the second movable magnet touching the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam.
2. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet are spaced apart along a same horizontal plane and the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet have the same magnetic properties.
3. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, further comprising a mounting and fixing structure, wherein a support beam extending in a horizontal direction, the low-frequency vibration structure and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam are arranged at intervals in a vertical direction of the mounting and fixing structure, the low-frequency vibration structure is arranged between the support beam and the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam, and the coil is arranged on a side of the support beam facing the low-frequency vibration structure.
4. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 3, wherein one end of the first vibration beam is fixed to the mounting and fixing structure, one end of the second vibration beam is fixed to the first moving magnet, and a free end of the second vibration beam faces the mounting and fixing structure.
5. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance between the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet ranges from 1.5mm to 5 mm.
6. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the free end of the first vibration beam is fixedly connected with a counterweight mass, and the second moving magnet is fixedly connected with the free end of the second vibration beam through the counterweight mass.
7. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the high-frequency piezoelectric composite beam is a multi-layer piezoelectric composite beam structure comprising, from top to bottom, an upper electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a lower electrode layer and a support beam, wherein the piezoelectric layer is a multi-layer piezoelectric layer.
8. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the length of the first vibration beam is greater than the length of the second vibration beam.
9. The broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the length of the high frequency piezoelectric composite beam is greater than the length of the first vibration beam.
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CN111817603A (en) * 2020-07-07 2020-10-23 安徽理工大学 Double-acting piezomagnetic coupling vibration energy harvester with main magnet and auxiliary magnet
CN113556057A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-26 山东大学 Multi-cantilever-beam broadband piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device
CN115514254A (en) * 2022-10-09 2022-12-23 青岛大学 Broadband piezoelectric energy harvester for collecting low-frequency vibration energy and working method

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CN107147330A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-08 北京机械设备研究所 A kind of non-linear piezoelectricity electromagnetism combined wide-band energy accumulator
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CN107147330A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-08 北京机械设备研究所 A kind of non-linear piezoelectricity electromagnetism combined wide-band energy accumulator
CN109428516A (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-05 三角力量管理株式会社 Generating element
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