CN110912134A - Multi-level active power filter with low harmonic content - Google Patents
Multi-level active power filter with low harmonic content Download PDFInfo
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- CN110912134A CN110912134A CN201911201032.7A CN201911201032A CN110912134A CN 110912134 A CN110912134 A CN 110912134A CN 201911201032 A CN201911201032 A CN 201911201032A CN 110912134 A CN110912134 A CN 110912134A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active power filter with low harmonic content and a control method thereof. The active clamp multi-level active power filter of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a fuse, a surge suppressor, a charging resistor, a charging switch, an alternating current reactor, an active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, a direct current bus capacitor and a controller unit. The active clamping multi-level active power filter can use the IGBT with voltage grade of 1700V or below when being applied to the field of medium voltage, and has high equivalent switching frequency and good higher harmonic compensation capability. Compared with the traditional medium-voltage active power filter structure based on the step-up transformer, the invention avoids the adverse effect of the step-up transformer on the higher harmonic compensation capability of the filter; compared with a cascade H-bridge multi-level structure, the complexity is greatly reduced, and the reliability is higher; compared with a common diode clamping multi-level structure, each device on a bridge arm is strictly voltage-sharing, and the filter effect is better due to more uniform loss distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic engineering, in particular to an active power filter based on an active clamping multilevel topology.
Background
The medium-voltage frequency converter is widely applied in industry, and when a large number of frequency converters work, the harmonic current generated by a three-phase uncontrolled rectifying circuit at the front end of the frequency converter gradually pollutes an electric power system, and causes great harm to other equipment in a power system in a plant area. The active power filter has been developed for many years, and is applied to a low-voltage distribution network and a high-voltage power grid increasingly well. However, in medium voltage distribution networks, passive power filters are mainly used for harmonic suppression at present. Compared with a passive filter, the active power filter has the advantages that 1, dynamic compensation can be realized on harmonic waves with variable frequency and amplitude and variable reactive power; 2. the filter characteristic is not influenced by the frequency change of the power grid; 3. the influence of the impedance of the power grid is small, and resonance is not easy to occur; 4. the volume and the weight are small; 5. when the compensated object exceeds the capacity limit, no overload occurs.
At present, a medium-voltage active power filter has two common schemes, one scheme is that a 400V low-voltage active power filter is connected to a medium-voltage power grid through a step-up transformer, and an active compensation system of the step-up transformer is adopted, so that the step-up transformer can reduce the voltage level of an active compensation main circuit, but a high-power high-voltage transformer is difficult to obtain accurate high-frequency characteristics, and high-frequency impedance is very large, so that the high-frequency response performance is poor, and the harmonic compensation effect is influenced. In addition, the scheme also has the defects of high transformer manufacturing cost, large occupied area, large loss and the like; another method is to adopt a cascade H-bridge multi-level scheme commonly used in a high-voltage power grid, and the topology has the following advantages: no clamping element is required; the modularization degree is good, and the actual installation and maintenance are convenient; the equivalent switching frequency is high, and high-voltage, high-frequency and high-power conversion can be realized by adopting low-voltage and low-frequency elements; the switching characteristics of the cells are similar. However, due to the fact that the plurality of H-bridge modules are used, the number of IGBTs is large, the number of driving signals is large, the number of independent direct current buses also needs extra voltage-sharing control, a control system is complex, redundant H-bridge modules are often needed to be added to guarantee system reliability, the complexity of the system is further increased, the size and the weight are large, and application occasions are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional medium-voltage active power filter based on a step-up transformer, including poor high-frequency response performance, large occupied area of the transformer, large loss and the like, and also overcomes the defects of complex system and low reliability of a cascaded H-bridge multi-level medium-voltage active power filter scheme, thereby providing the medium-voltage active power filter which has low harmonic content, good comprehensive performance and easy realization.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multilevel active power filter with low harmonic content, comprising: fuse, surge suppressor, charging resistor, charging switch, AC reactor, active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, DC bus capacitor, and controller unit,
the common point of a medium-voltage power grid is connected to the surge suppressor through the fuse, the surge suppressor is connected to the charging switch in a communicating manner, the charging switch is connected in parallel with the charging resistor and then connected to the alternating current reactor, the alternating current reactor is connected to the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge is connected to the direct current bus capacitor, the controller unit is used for generating a driving signal to drive a power switch on the active clamping three-phase bridge to perform switching action, the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge comprises three-phase bridge arms, each phase of bridge arm comprises two outer tubes, two inner tubes and two side arm tubes, the input of each phase is input into the two inner tubes after passing through the corresponding alternating current reactor, and each inner tube is connected with one outer tube in series and then connected to the outer sides of the direct current bus capacitors C1 and C2 which are connected, the midpoints of the two sets of outer-inner tube series circuits form two connection points, two side-arm tubes are connected in series between the two connection points, and the midpoints of the two side-arm tubes are connected to the midpoints of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2.
Preferably, the fuse blows when the input side of the multilevel active power filter is in overcurrent so as to protect the power switch on the multilevel three-phase bridge.
Preferably, the surge suppressor connects the three-phase incoming line to ground for preventing damage to the power switches on the multilevel three-phase bridge in case of a lightning strike or an overvoltage on the grid.
Preferably, when the multi-level active power filter starts to be powered on, the charging switch is turned off, the charging resistor limits the surge current, and the power switch on the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge is protected.
Preferably, the controller unit is configured to generate a modulated wave, compare the modulated wave with a first carrier and a second carrier, and control each switching tube.
Preferably, the controller further generates a first carrier wave and a second carrier wave having a frequency higher than the modulation wave.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling the multilevel active power filter, wherein the method includes generating a modulated wave, a first carrier wave, and a second carrier wave, and frequencies of the first carrier wave and the second carrier wave are higher than the modulated wave.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention can realize the bidirectional clamping of the voltage between the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the bridge arm through the IGBT, avoid the occurrence of non-uniform voltage, and avoid the bridge arm IGBT adopting the IGBT with high voltage-resistant grade, the loss of the IGBT with high voltage resistance is larger, the IGBT can not work at high switching frequency, and the low switching frequency can cause the insufficient higher harmonic compensation capability of the active power filter. According to the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, through the driving signal control scheme, the loss distribution of each IGBT on the bridge arm can be uniform, the over-design of a heat dissipation system is avoided, the reduction of the system capacity or the switching frequency due to the protection of the IGBT with the largest loss is avoided, and therefore the performance of a source power filter is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a main circuit topology of an active clamp multilevel active power filter according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an illustration of a natural frequency doubling modulation scheme of an active clamped multilevel active power filter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of simulation results using a prior art filter and a filter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, a 1260V/100A medium voltage active clamp multilevel active power filter will be described as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, it includes: the device comprises a FUSE FUSE, a surge suppressor F, charging resistors R1-R3, a charging switch KM, alternating current reactors La, Lb and Lc, active clamping multilevel three-phase bridges Sa 1-Sa 6, Sb 1-Sb 6, Sc 1-Sc 6, direct current bus capacitors C1 and C2, a controller unit and auxiliary circuits such as sampling driving and the like.
The common point of a medium-voltage power grid, namely the power grid input, is connected to a surge suppressor F through a FUSE FUSE, the surge suppressor F is connected to a charging switch KM, the charging switch KM is connected with charging resistors R1-R3 in parallel, the charging switch KM is connected to alternating current reactors La, Lb and Lc, and the alternating current reactors La, Lb and Lc are connected to active clamping multilevel three-phase bridges Sa 1-Sa 6, Sb 1-Sb 6 and Sc 1-Sc 6.
The C electrode of the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge Sa1 is connected to the positive electrode of a direct-current bus capacitor C1; an E pole of Sa1 is connected to a C pole of Sa2 and a C pole of Sa5, an E pole of Sa2 is connected to a C pole of Sa3 and an E pole of an alternating current reactor La, an E pole of Sa3 is connected to a C pole of Sa4 and an E pole of Sa6, an E pole of Sa4 is connected to a negative pole of a direct current bus capacitor C2, and an E pole of Sa5 is connected to a C pole of Sa6 and a negative pole of C1 and a positive pole of C2.
The C electrode of the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge Sb1 is connected to the positive electrode of a direct-current bus capacitor C1; the E pole of Sb1 is connected to the C pole of Sb2 and the C pole of Sb5, the E pole of Sb2 is connected to the C pole of Sb3 and the E pole of an alternating current reactor La, the E pole of Sb3 is connected to the C pole of Sb4 and the E pole of Sb6, the E pole of Sb4 is connected to the negative pole of a direct current bus capacitor C2, and the E pole of Sb5 is connected to the C pole of Sb6, the negative pole of C1 and the positive pole of C2.
The C electrode of the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge Sc1 is connected to the positive electrode of a direct-current bus capacitor C1; an E pole of Sc1 is connected to a C pole of Sc2 and a C pole of Sc5, an E pole of Sc2 is connected to a C pole of Sc3 and an E pole of an alternating current reactor La, an E pole of Sc3 is connected to a C pole of Sc4 and an E pole of Sc6, an E pole of Sc4 is connected to a negative pole of a direct current bus capacitor C2, and an E pole of Sc5 is connected to a C pole of Sc6, a negative pole of C1 and a positive pole of C2.
A controller unit of the active clamping multilevel active power filter generates a driving signal; and after receiving the driving signal sent by the control unit, the driving circuit drives the power switch on the active clamping three-phase bridge to perform switching action.
The controller employs a filter controller commonly used in the art that generates a 50Hz sine or trapezoidal modulated wave, which is conventional in the art and not described in detail herein. The amplitude of the modulated wave can be selected as desired by those skilled in the art depending on the input voltage. The modulated wave can be generated by using a common ac inductor current control program and a modulation program. Preferably, the modulation wave amplitude is slightly lower than the carrier wave amplitude.
As shown in fig. 2, the active clamp three-level three-phase bridge operates in a natural frequency-doubling PWM manner, and is driven and controlled by two sets of carriers Uc1 and Uc2 with completely opposite phases. The two carriers are both triangular waves, and the two triangular waves are opposite and have the same frequency. Preferably, the carrier frequency is 20 kHz.
For the first outer tube Sx1(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than zero, the drive level of Sx1(x is a, b, c) is generated compared with the carrier Uc2, when the modulation wave is greater than Uc2, the drive level is high, Sx1(x is a, b, c) is on, when the modulation wave is less than Uc2, the drive level is low, Sx1(x is a, b, c) is off; when the modulation wave is less than zero, Sx1(x is a, b, c) is turned off.
For the first inner tube Sx2(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than zero, the drive level of Sx2(x is a, b, c) is generated by comparison with the carrier Uc1, when the modulation wave is greater than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is high, Sx2(x is a, b, c) is on, when the modulation wave is less than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is low, Sx2(x is a, b, c) is off; when the modulated wave is less than zero, a drive level of Sx2(x is a, b, c) is generated in comparison with the carrier Uc2, when the modulated wave is greater than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is high, Sx2(x is a, b, c) is on, when the modulated wave is less than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is low, Sx2(x is a, b, c) is off.
For the second inner tube Sx3(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than zero, the drive level of Sx3(x is a, b, c) is generated by comparison with the carrier Uc1, when the modulation wave is greater than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is low, Sx3(x is a, b, c) is off, when the modulation wave is less than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is high, Sx3(x is a, b, c) is on; when the modulated wave is less than zero, a drive level of Sx3(x is a, b, c) is generated in comparison with the carrier Uc2, when the modulated wave is greater than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is low, Sx3(x is a, b, c) is off, when the modulated wave is less than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is high, and Sx3(x is a, b, c) is on.
For the second outer tube Sx4(x is a, b, c), Sx4(x is a, b, c) is turned off when the modulation wave is greater than zero; when the modulated wave is less than zero, a drive level of Sx4(x is a, b, c) is generated in comparison with the carrier Uc1, when the modulated wave is greater than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is low, Sx4(x is a, b, c) is off, when the modulated wave is less than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is high, and Sx4(x is a, b, c) is on.
For the first side arm tube Sx5(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than zero, the drive level of Sx5(x is a, b, c) is generated by comparing with the carrier Uc2, when the modulation wave is greater than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is low, Sx5(x is a, b, c) is off, when the modulation wave is less than the carrier Uc2, the drive level is high, and Sx5(x is a, b, c) is on; when the modulated wave is less than zero, a drive level of Sx5(x is a, b, c) is generated in comparison with the carrier Uc1, when the modulated wave is greater than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is low, Sx5(x is a, b, c) is off, when the modulated wave is less than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is high, and Sx5(x is a, b, c) is on.
For the second sidearm tube Sx6(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than zero, the controller compares the modulation wave with the carrier Uc2 to generate the driving level of Sx6(x is a, b, c), when the modulation wave is greater than the carrier Uc2, the driving level is high, Sx6(x is a, b, c) is switched on, when the modulation wave is less than the carrier Uc2, the driving level is low, and Sx6(x is a, b, c) is switched off; when the modulated wave is less than zero, a drive level of Sx6(x is a, b, c) is generated in comparison with the carrier Uc1, when the modulated wave is greater than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is high, Sx6(x is a, b, c) is on, when the modulated wave is less than the carrier Uc1, the drive level is low, Sx6(x is a, b, c) is off.
When the active clamping three-level three-phase bridge works in the PWM mode, most of the switching devices have switching actions in one switching period, the loss distribution is more uniform, the loss of the maximum loss device is reduced, the switching frequency can be further improved, and the higher harmonic current compensation capacity is optimized.
Taking 1260V/100A medium voltage active power filter as an example, a general diode clamping three-level topological structure is used, loss analysis and calculation show that the equivalent switching frequency is 12kHz at the maximum, and because the diode can only realize unidirectional clamping, consider that each switching device can not be completely voltage-sharing, the IGBT with 1700V grade can not be used, the IGBT with 3300V or more can only be used, the switching loss is large, and meanwhile, because the inner tube loss is twice of the outer tube, the switching frequency is selected based on the fact that the inner tube is not over-temperature, the equivalent switching frequency is 8kHz at the maximum, and the higher harmonic current compensation capability is low.
After the active clamping three-level topology is adopted, because the bidirectional clamping is realized, the turn-off voltage of each IGBT can be controlled below 1200V, the IGBTs with the grade of 1700V can be completely selected, compared with the IGBTs with the grade of 3300V, the IGBT with the grade of 1700V has low switching loss and the switching frequency can be improved in multiples, and because the modulation mode is adopted, the loss distribution is more uniform, the switching frequency cannot be reduced for avoiding the over-temperature of an inner tube, the equivalent switching frequency can reach 24kHz, current harmonics within 50 times can be completely compensated, the filtering effect is greatly improved, the simulation result is shown in figure 3, the total current harmonic content (THD) after the filtering is carried out by adopting a common diode clamping three-level active power filter (8kHz) is 2.06 percent, and the total current harmonic content (THD) after the filtering is reduced to 1.19 percent from 2.06 percent by adopting the active clamping three-level active power filter (24kHz), the harmonic content is nearly reduced by multiples.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments according to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings, and therefore, all designs that can be easily changed or modified by using the design structure and thought of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-level active power filter with low harmonic content, the multi-level active power filter comprising: fuse, surge suppressor, charging resistor, charging switch, AC reactor, active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, DC bus capacitor, and controller unit,
the common point of a medium-voltage power grid is connected to the surge suppressor through the fuse, the surge suppressor is connected to the charging switch in a communicating manner, the charging switch is connected in parallel with the charging resistor and then connected to the alternating current reactor, the alternating current reactor is connected to the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge, the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge is connected to the direct current bus capacitor, the controller unit is used for generating a driving signal to drive a power switch on the active clamping three-phase bridge to perform switching action, the active clamping multi-level three-phase bridge comprises three-phase bridge arms, each phase of bridge arm comprises two outer tubes, two inner tubes and two side arm tubes, the input of each phase is input into the two inner tubes after passing through the corresponding alternating current reactor, and each inner tube is connected with one outer tube in series and then connected to the outer sides of the direct current bus capacitors C1 and C2 which are connected, the midpoints of the two sets of outer-inner tube series circuits form two connection points, two side-arm tubes are connected in series between the two connection points, and the midpoints of the two side-arm tubes are connected to the midpoints of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2.
2. The multilevel active power filter according to claim 1, wherein the fuse blows when an input side overcurrent occurs to the multilevel active power filter to protect power switches on the multilevel three-phase bridge.
3. Multilevel active power filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the surge suppressor connects the three phase incoming line to ground for preventing damage to the power switches on the multilevel three phase bridge in case of lightning strikes or grid overvoltage.
4. The multilevel active power filter of claim 1, wherein the charge switch is turned off when the multilevel active power filter starts to power up, and the charge resistor limits inrush current to protect the power switches on the active clamped multilevel three-phase bridge.
5. The active clamp multilevel active power filter of claim 1, wherein the controller unit is configured to generate a modulated wave and compare the modulated wave with a first carrier and a second carrier to control each of the switching tubes.
6. The active clamp multilevel active power filter of claim 5, wherein the modulation wave frequency is 50 Hz.
7. The active clamp multilevel active power filter of claim 5, wherein the controller further generates a first carrier wave and a second carrier wave, the first carrier wave and the second carrier wave having a higher frequency than the modulation wave.
8. A method of controlling a multilevel active power filter according to claim 1, the method comprising generating a modulated wave, a first carrier wave, and a second carrier wave, the first carrier wave and the second carrier wave having a higher frequency than the modulated wave.
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