CN110910011A - Operation method for implementing electric energy replacement strategy based on environmental protection target constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an operation method for implementing an electric energy substitution strategy based on environmental protection target constraint, which comprises the steps of particulate matter sampling, laboratory analysis, particulate matter pollution source analysis, electric energy substitution quantity statistics, electric energy substitution effect evaluation and electric energy substitution implementation strategy, can quantitatively research the relation between electric energy substitution and environment improvement, accurately evaluate the environmental benefit of electric energy substitution implementation, enable electric energy substitution and environment protection target realization to form benign interaction, can timely adjust related electric energy substitution projects according to the efficiency ratio and the atmospheric particulate matter pollution occupation ratio, ensure that the maximum environmental benefit is brought after the electric energy substitution projects are implemented, and simultaneously excavate objects which are potentially required to be implemented to provide powerful tongs for electric energy substitution promoters, thereby ensuring that the annual electric energy substitution quantity is continuously increased. The particulate matter sampling and laboratory analysis method is simple, and has huge practical application potential under the current urban atmospheric pollution pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation, in particular to an operation method for implementing an electric energy replacement strategy based on environmental protection target constraints.
Background
The electric energy has the advantages of cleanness, safety, convenience and the like, and the implementation of electric energy substitution has great significance for promoting the energy consumption revolution, implementing the national energy strategy, promoting the clean development of energy and reducing the atmospheric pollution. In recent years, the nation has vigorously pursued electric energy substitution work in various industries. After the national grid company deeply carries out the on-site visit and research of electric energy substitution projects, the national grid company finds that after years of popularization, the replaceable potential of the traditional and mature fields becomes small and needs to be further excavated, and new substitution fields face bottlenecks, such as: the electric energy replaces the largest competitor gas boiler, and the single specific price hardly has the advantage of electric energy replacement. Meanwhile, the environmental improvement effect brought by the completion of the electric energy substitution project is not taken into consideration and quantitatively researched, and the electric energy substitution work is guided by the lack of specific air pollution environmental improvement priority and pollution sources and causes, so that the promotion of electric energy substitution is disjointed from the realization of environmental protection targets, and good interaction cannot be formed. With the deep progress of electric energy replacement projects, is its contribution to the improvement of urban atmospheric environmental quality? And what are the important implementation areas for future electrical energy replacement? These issues are prime for resolution.
In order to further promote the mining of clean energy management projects such as 'coal changes into electricity', 'oil changes into electricity' and the like and the analysis and decision of environmental emission reduction benefits, reasonable suggestions are provided for guiding and exciting the development of electric energy substitution projects by governments, urban atmospheric pollution and environmental pollution are treated, and the body health and living environment of residents are improved. How to reasonably construct feasibility of electric energy alternative implementation under the constraint of environmental protection targets and how to mine potential implementation objects becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an operation method for implementing an electric energy replacement strategy based on environmental protection target constraints.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the operation method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sampling particles, wherein sampling points are positioned in the centers of cities, and air is sampled in areas with dense population and mainly in commercial activity areas, schools or residential houses around the areas.
Step two: and (3) laboratory analysis, wherein the concentration of the particles is analyzed by adopting a weighing method, all samples are dried in a constant temperature and humidity environment, and the mass of a sampling diaphragm before and after sampling is obtained by adopting a one-millionth scale.
Taking one eighth of the membrane sample by a ceramic scissors, putting the membrane sample into a colorimetric tube, fixing the volume by ultrapure water, putting the membrane sample into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for ultrasonic cleaning, filtering by a mixed fiber-water system filter head to obtain a sample to be measured, and measuring NO in the sample by an ion chromatograph3 -、NO2 -、SO4 2-、Cl-、NH4 +、K+、Na+、Ca2+And Mg2+The ion concentration of (c).
And then placing one eighth of the film sample in a digestion tank, adding a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid for microwave digestion, removing acid and fixing volume after digestion, analyzing the Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Be, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, V, Fe, Se, As, Mo and U elements in the sample by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and determining the contents of element carbon and organic carbon in the sample by using a multiband carbon analyzer.
Step three: analyzing the particulate pollution source, namely analyzing the particulate pollution source in a certain area by adopting an American EPA (environmental protection agency) recommendation method and an orthogonal matrix factor analysis (PMF) model in the technical guideline for analyzing the atmospheric particulate source of the national environmental protection department, wherein the analysis mainly comprises four types of crust dust, fire coal, motor vehicle tail gas and secondary sources.
Step four: and (4) counting the electric energy replacement quantity, namely counting the annual power consumption before and after the electric energy replacement technology is implemented of four pollution sources including coal, earth crust dust, motor vehicle tail gas and a secondary source year by year in an area where the electric energy replacement technology is implemented according to the data of a technical modification list.
Step five: and (3) evaluating the electric energy substitution effect, calculating the change rate, namely the reduction ratio, of each pollution source field before and after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the contribution ratio value of the pollution source analyzed in the third step to the environmental air particulate matter, calculating the increased power consumption of each field after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the annual power consumption of each pollution source field in the fourth step, and taking the ratio of the pollution source reduction ratio to the increased power consumption as an electric energy substitution effect evaluation index, wherein the larger the value is, the more obvious the representative effect is, and the more the implementation and popularization strength of the electric energy substitution technology in the field needs to be increased.
Step six: and (4) electric energy substitution implementation strategy, analyzing the proportion of the pollution sources according to the third step, carrying out corresponding electric energy substitution technology popularization on the pollution sources with contribution ratio values of not less than 15% to the environmental air particulate matters, closely paying attention to the annual rising pollution sources, and preferentially increasing electric energy substitution implementation strength according to the industry with high indexes in the electric energy substitution effect evaluation result in the fifth step in order to obtain a better effect.
Further, in the second step, the sample is dried in a constant temperature and humidity environment, the drying time is not less than 48 hours, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity environment is 20-40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 30-60%.
Further, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity environment is 26 ℃.
Further, the relative humidity is 45%.
Further, in the second step, the cleaning time of the ultrasonic cleaning is 20-40 minutes, and then the mixed fiber-water system filter head with the diameter of 0.1-0.4 μm is adopted for filtering, so as to obtain the sample to be detected.
Further, a mixed fiber-water system filter head with the diameter of 0.22 μm is adopted for filtering, and a sample to be measured is obtained.
Further, in the second step, the weight part ratio of the nitric acid to the hydrochloric acid in the mixed solution of the nitric acid and the hydrochloric acid is 3: 1.
Further, in the third step, a specific method for analyzing the particulate matter pollution source in a certain area by using an orthogonal matrix factor analysis model is as follows:
setting X as a matrix X as n X m, n as the number of samples and m as the number of chemical components, decomposing the matrix X into a matrix G and a matrix F, wherein the matrix G as n X p contributes to a particulate pollution source matrix, the matrix F as p X m is a particulate pollution source component spectrum matrix, and p is the number of main pollution sources;
defining: x ═ GF + E, E is the residual matrix, representing the difference existing between X and GF, the objective of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis is to minimize Q, defined as:
i＝1，2，······，n；j＝1，2，······，m；k＝1，2，······，p；
wherein s is the standard deviation of X, Xij，gik，fkj，eijElements of X, G, F and E matrices, respectively, at Gik≥0，fkjAnd under the constraint condition that the contribution value G of the pollution source and the composition spectrum F of the pollution source can be simultaneously determined by solving Q through an iterative minimization algorithm.
Further, in the step 5, the calculated change rate, i.e. the reduction ratio, of each pollution source field before and after the implementation of the electric energy replacement technology is calculated by the following formula:
Vfreduction ratio＝(GBefore implementation-GAfter being implemented)÷GBefore implementation；
The calculation formula of the power consumption increased in each field after the implementation of the electric energy replacement technology is as follows:
ΔW＝Wafter being implemented-WBefore implementation；
The calculation formula of the electric energy substitution effect evaluation index is as follows: index VfReduction ratio÷ΔW。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an operation method implemented by an electric energy substitution strategy based on environmental protection target constraints, which can quantitatively research the relation between electric energy substitution and environmental improvement, accurately evaluate the environmental benefit of electric energy substitution implementation, enable the electric energy substitution and the realization of the environmental protection target to form positive interaction, and timely adjust related electric energy substitution projects according to an efficiency ratio and an atmospheric particulate pollution occupation ratio, thereby ensuring that the maximum environmental benefit is brought after the electric energy substitution projects are implemented, and simultaneously, excavation of objects which are potentially required to be implemented provides powerful grippers for electric energy substitution promoters, thereby ensuring that the annual electric energy substitution quantity is continuously increased. The particle sampling and laboratory analysis method is simple, can be used by related urban energy management and pollution treatment and electric energy replacement and popularization personnel of power grid companies, and has huge practical application potential under the current urban atmospheric pollution pressure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an operational method of an electric energy replacement strategy implementation of the present invention based on environmental objective constraints;
FIGS. 2a to 2d are source contour line graphs of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis model for analyzing the crust dust, the fire coal, the motor vehicle exhaust and the secondary source of the particulate pollution source in the market A;
FIG. 3a is a diagram showing the analytic result of a PMF model in 2016A;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of the analytic result of the PMF model in A city in 2017;
fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of the analysis result of the PMF model in the city a in 2018.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in connection with particular embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functionality throughout.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of an electric energy replacement policy implementation based on environmental protection objective constraints according to the present invention.
The operation method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sampling particles, wherein sampling points are positioned in the centers of cities, air is sampled in areas with dense population and mainly in commercial activity areas, schools or residential houses around the areas, and the sampling height is not less than 21m away from the ground in the air sampling process.
Step two: analyzing in a laboratory, analyzing the concentration of the particles by adopting a weighing method, drying all samples in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment for not less than 48 hours, controlling the temperature in the constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment to be 20-40 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 30-60%, preferably controlling the temperature in the constant-temperature and constant-humidity environment to be 26 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 45%, and obtaining the mass of a sampling front film and the mass of a sampling rear film by adopting a one-millionth balance.
Taking an eighth membrane sample by using a ceramic scissors, putting the eighth membrane sample into a colorimetric tube, fixing the volume by using ultrapure water, putting the eighth membrane sample into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is 20-40 minutes, preferably 30 minutes, then filtering by using a 0.1-0.4 mu m mixed fiber-water system filter head, preferably filtering by using a 0.22 mu m mixed fiber-water system filter head to obtain a sample to be measured, measuring NO in the sample by using an ion chromatograph3 -、NO2 -、SO4 2-、Cl-、NH4 +、K+、Na+、Ca2+And Mg2+The ion concentration of (c).
And then placing one eighth of the film sample into a digestion tank, adding a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a weight part ratio of 3:1 for microwave digestion, removing acid and fixing volume after digestion, analyzing the elements of Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Be, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, V, Fe, Se, As, Mo and U in the sample by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and determining the contents of element carbon and organic carbon in the sample by using a multiband carbon analyzer.
Step three: analyzing the particulate pollution source, namely analyzing the particulate pollution source in a certain area by adopting an American EPA (environmental protection agency) recommendation method and an orthogonal matrix factor analysis (PMF) model in the technical guideline for analyzing the atmospheric particulate source of the national environmental protection department, wherein the particulate pollution source mainly comprises four types, namely coal, crustal dust, motor vehicle tail gas and a secondary source, and the secondary source is roughly divided into an industrial process and other fields.
The specific method for analyzing the particulate matter pollution source in a certain area by adopting the orthogonal matrix factor analysis model comprises the following steps:
setting X as a matrix X as n X m, n as the number of samples and m as the number of chemical components, decomposing the matrix X into a matrix G and a matrix F, wherein the matrix G as n X p contributes to a particulate pollution source matrix, the matrix F as p X m is a particulate pollution source component spectrum matrix, and p is the number of main pollution sources;
defining: x ═ GF + E, E is the residual matrix, representing the difference existing between X and GF, the objective of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis is to minimize Q, defined as:
i＝1，2，······，n；j＝1，2，······，m；k＝1，2，······，p；
wherein s is the standard deviation of X, Xij，gik，fkj，eijElements of X, G, F and E matrices, respectively, at Gik≥0，fkjAnd under the constraint condition that the contribution value G of the pollution source and the composition spectrum F of the pollution source can be simultaneously determined by solving Q through an iterative minimization algorithm.
Step four: and (4) counting the electric energy replacement quantity, namely counting the annual power consumption before and after the electric energy replacement technology is implemented of four pollution sources including coal, earth crust dust, motor vehicle tail gas and a secondary source year by year in an area where the electric energy replacement technology is implemented according to the data of a technical modification list.
Step five: and (3) evaluating the electric energy substitution effect, namely calculating the change rate, namely the reduction ratio, of each pollution source field before and after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the contribution ratio value of the pollution source analyzed in the step three to the environmental air particulate matter, wherein the calculation formula of the reduction ratio is as follows:
Vfreduction ratio＝(GBefore implementation-GAfter being implemented)÷GBefore implementation；
And calculating the increased power consumption in each field after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the annual power consumption in each pollution source field in the fourth step, wherein the calculation formula of the increased power consumption is as follows: (ii) a
ΔW＝WAfter being implemented-WBefore implementation；
The ratio of the pollution source reduction proportion to the increased power consumption is used as an electric energy substitution effect evaluation index, and the calculation formula of the electric energy substitution effect evaluation index is as follows: index VfReduction ratioThe larger the Index value is divided by Δ W, the more obvious the representing effect is, and the more the electric energy substitution technology needs to be increased to implement popularization in the field.
Step six: and (4) electric energy substitution implementation strategy, analyzing the proportion of the pollution sources according to the third step, carrying out corresponding electric energy substitution technology popularization on the pollution sources with contribution ratio values of not less than 15% to the environmental air particulate matters, closely paying attention to the annual rising pollution sources, and preferentially increasing electric energy substitution implementation strength according to the industry with high indexes in the electric energy substitution effect evaluation result in the fifth step in order to obtain a better effect.
The following specific experimental operations were carried out in the area of city a, the operating methods were as follows:
sampling particulate matters:
according to the requirement of a detection method on the sample amount, the roof of a certain scientific research institute in the city A is sampled, the height is about 21 meters, the longitude and latitude are (31 degrees 50 '09.8' N117 degrees 15 '53.8' E), the sampling point is positioned in the center of the city A, the population is dense, the periphery is mainly a commercial activity area, a school and a residential house, and the influence of a large typical emission source is avoided. A total of 68 membrane samples were collected from 2016, 8-11 months, and each sample was collected for 23h (9 am to 8 pm). The specification records meteorological conditions at the time of observation sampling. The sampling instrument is an environmental air particle comprehensive sampler (ZR-3922) developed by Qingdao Zhongrui company, and the cutting particle size is 2.5 mu m. The study selected a 90mm diameter quartz filter membrane, depending on the filter membrane characteristics and the requirements of the post-sampling chemical analysis.
Laboratory analysis:
the concentration of the particles is analyzed by adopting a weighing method, the polycarbonate film before and after sampling is dried for more than 48 hours in a constant temperature and humidity environment (the temperature is 26 ℃, and the relative humidity is 45 percent), and the mass of the film before and after sampling is obtained by using high-precision millionth-one-day (SartoriusM 2P). Cutting one eighth of quartz membrane sample with ceramic scissors, placing in colorimetric tube, diluting with ultrapure water to constant volume, placing in ultrasonic cleaning instrument, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, adding ice bag in ultrasonic cleaning instrument to prevent overheating, filtering with 0.22 μm mixed fiber-water system filter head after ultrasonic treatment to obtain sample solution to be measured, and measuring anion (NO) in sample with ion chromatograph (dionex ICS-2100)3 -、NO2 -、SO4 2-、Cl-) And a cation (NH)4 +、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+) And (4) concentration. Na in water-soluble ions at the background of quartz film used in experiment+、Cl-The concentration is slightly higher, possibly influenced by high-purity water, and the rest is lower than the detection limit of the instrument. One eighth of the quartz film sample is cut by a ceramic scissors and placed in a digestion tank, 6ml of nitric acid and 2ml of hydrochloric acid are added for microwave digestion, the solution is acidified and the volume is determined after digestion, and more than twenty elements such As Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Be, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, V, Fe, Se, As, Mo, U and the like in the sample are analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The elemental carbon and organic carbon content of the samples were determined using a multiband carbon analyzer (DRIModel 2015).
Analyzing a particulate matter pollution source:
the particle pollution source in a certain area is analyzed by adopting an American EPA recommendation method and an orthogonal matrix factor analysis PMF model in the technical guideline for analyzing the atmospheric particle source of the national environmental protection ministry, and the analysis PMF model mainly comprises four secondary sources of crust dust, coal and motor vehicle tail gas.
The specific method for analyzing the particulate matter pollution source in the market A by adopting the orthogonal matrix factor analysis model comprises the following steps:
setting X as a matrix X as n X m, n as the number of samples and m as the number of chemical components, decomposing the matrix X into a matrix G and a matrix F, wherein the matrix G as n X p contributes to a particulate pollution source matrix, the matrix F as p X m is a particulate pollution source component spectrum matrix, and p is the number of main pollution sources;
defining: x ═ GF + E, E is the residual matrix, representing the difference existing between X and GF, the objective of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis is to minimize Q, defined as:
i＝1，2，······，n；j＝1，2，······，m；k＝1，2，······，p；
wherein s is the standard deviation of X, Xij，gik，fkj，eijElements of X, G, F and E matrices, respectively, at Gik≥0，fkjUnder the constraint condition of being more than or equal to 0, the method solves Q through an iterative minimization algorithm, and can simultaneously determine a pollution source contribution value G (relative value) and a pollution source composition spectrum F (relative concentration value of chemical components).
The PMF model was used to analyze the local particulate matter source in market A. Two types of data are input: firstly, inorganic element, water-soluble ion and carbon component data obtained by PM2.5 sample analysis; the second is uncertainty of the data. By: the RobustQ observation data value prevents overlarge deviation, and simultaneously ensures that the simulation result and the observation result have better correlation.
Referring to fig. 2a to 2d, fig. 2a to 2d are source profile graphs of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis model for analyzing the crust dust, the coal, the motor vehicle exhaust gas and the secondary source of the particulate pollution source in the market a.
The analysis result shows that: the main sources of atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5 in city a include four parts: crust dust, coal, motor vehicle exhaust and secondary sources 4 factors. The Q value 1780 of the PMF analysis result is close to the theoretical Q value 1810, indicating that the result is ideal.
Among 4 factors obtained by PM2.5 source analysis, the concentration of Ca, Al, Cr, Ni, Sb, OC and EC components of the factor 2 is higher, and the factor may be soot; the contents of NH4+, NO3-, SO 42-and other components of the factor 4 are high, and the components may be secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate; the factor 3 has higher Pb, Cu, Zn, OC and EC contents and can be motor vehicle tail gas dust; the Al, Ca and other components of the factor 1 are high in content and may be crust dust.
Referring to fig. 3a, fig. 3a is a schematic diagram illustrating the analysis result of the PMF model in 2016 a.
PM analysis by using 2016 PMF model in A City2.5Shows that: the secondary source, motor vehicle exhaust dust, coal and crust dust contributed in percentages 39.6%, 9.9%, 26.69% and 23.81%, respectively. Therefore, the main pollution sources of the environmental air particles in the city A comprise secondary pollution sources and primary pollution sources such as coal dust, earth crust dust, motor vehicle tail gas dust and the like.
In 2017, according to the source analysis result, corresponding electric energy substitution technology popularization is carried out in the industries of pollution source coal burning and crustal dust with contribution ratio values of more than 15% to environmental air particulate matters, and due to the fact that secondary source pollution sources are complex, a primary source is generated through chemical reaction, and corresponding electric energy substitution is not carried out for a while.
The coal-fired factors comprise civil coal, industrial coal and electric coal, and the coal-fired factors aim at performing electric energy substitution on the coal-fired in A market, and mainly replace coal with electricity in the coal-fired boilers and kilns in the fields of resident heating and industrial (agricultural) production and manufacturing by contrasting with the electric energy substitution implementation field.
The crust dust factor comprises municipal dust control, electric spray water is carried out on a building site in A city, electric vehicle spray water is carried out on roads, and municipal dust removal measures such as road cleaning and green net covering of building work are enhanced.
At the same time, annual statistics of the electric energy substitution amount are carried out, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electric energy substitution implemented in 2017 based on the source analysis result in the field of emphasis (WkW. h)
According to the same steps, the 2017 year sampling and analyzing method is carried out, and fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the analytic result of the PMF model in the market a of 2017 years.
PMF model analysis PM of market A in 20172.5Shows that: the secondary source, motor vehicle exhaust dust, coal and crust dust contributed in percentages of 36.8%, 32.60%, 20.70% and 9.9%, respectively. Compared with the prior results, the ratio of the tail gas to the dust of the motor vehicle is increased, and the ratio of the coal to the dust of the crust is reduced.
The implementation effect is as follows: in 2017, the electric energy substitution technology is implemented for the coal and the crust dust analyzed in 2016, and after the implementation, the PM is analyzed by a PMF model in A city in 20172.5The data show that the coal and the crust dust account for 20.70% and 9.9%, respectively, and the PM was analyzed relative to the PMF model of 2016A city2.5The data show that the coal and crust dust share is 26.69% and 23.81% respectively compared:
the reduction ratio of the fire coal is VfReduction ratio＝22.443％；
Rate of decrease Vf of crust dustReduction ratio＝58.421％；
As can be seen from table 1, the coal-fired electric energy substitution amount includes electric energy substitution amount in the residential heating field and the industrial (agricultural) production and manufacturing field, the electric energy substitution amount of the crustal dust includes electric energy substitution amount for municipal dust removal, and then the electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index of the coal-fired can be calculated to be 0.0315, the electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index of the crustal dust is 8.9149, and the electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index means a variation of a reduction ratio of a pollution source contribution amount to the environmental air particulate matter for each consumption of 1WkW · h of electricity, that is, for each consumption of 1 ten thousand degrees of electricity.
Therefore, the evaluation index of the electric energy substitution effect of the crust dust is larger than that of the coal, the representative effect is more obvious, the implementation and popularization strength of the electric energy substitution technology in the field needs to be increased, and the electric energy substitution device has a good effect on air improvement, for example, the electric spraying water substitution range of electric vehicles on construction sites and the electric energy substitution range of electric vehicle spraying water on roads are enlarged, and measures such as road cleaning and green net covering of building work are enhanced.
In 2018, according to the source analysis result in 2017, corresponding electric energy substitution technology popularization is carried out in the pollution source motor vehicle and coal burning industry, wherein the contribution ratio value of the pollution source motor vehicle to the ambient air particulate matter is higher than 15%, and corresponding electric energy substitution is not temporarily carried out due to the fact that secondary source pollution sources are complex and are generated by a primary source through chemical reaction.
The coal-fired factor accounts for 20.70%, so that electric energy substitution is continuously carried out in the fields of civil coal, industrial coal and electric coal, and the electric energy substitution is mainly carried out on coal-fired boilers and kilns in the fields of civil heating and industrial (agricultural) production and manufacturing and is replaced by electric coal.
The proportion of the pollution emission of the motor vehicles is rapidly increased due to urban development in the motor vehicle industry, and the electric energy substitution is implemented by substituting electricity for oil in the industry. Mainly for electric vehicles and rail transit popularization. Newly-built city, intercity fill station soon, increase alternating-current charging stake, direct current and fill electric pile upgrading transformation. Urban rail transit is mainly subway construction and operation. At the same time, annual statistics of the electric energy substitution amount are performed, as shown in table 2.
Table 2.A City 2018 implements electric energy substitution according to the source analysis result in the important field (WkW. h)
According to the same steps, the 2018 sampling and analyzing method is carried out, and fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of the analytic result of the PMF model in the market a of 2018.
PM analysis by using PMF model in market A in 20182.5Shows that: the secondary source, motor vehicle exhaust dust, coal and earth crust dust contributed 48.4%, 25.5%, 17.34% and 8.76%, respectively.
Compared with the prior results, the ratio of the tail gas to the dust of the motor vehicle is reduced to a certain extent, and the ratio of the coal to the dust of the crust is reduced.
The implementation effect is as follows:in 2018, electric energy substitution technology is implemented for coal and crustal dust analyzed in 2017, and PM is analyzed by a PMF model in market A in 20182.5The data show that the proportions of motor vehicle exhaust dust and coal were 25.5% and 17.34%, respectively, and the PM was analyzed relative to the PMF model of market A in 20172.5The data show that the proportions of motor vehicle exhaust dust and coal were 32.60%, 20.70% compared, respectively:
the reduction ratio of the tail gas dust of the motor vehicle is VfReduction ratio＝21.78％；
Decreasing rate value Vf of fire coalReduction ratio＝16.23％；
As can be seen from table 2, the electric energy substitution amount of the motor vehicle exhaust dust includes the electric energy substitution amount in the traffic field, and the coal-fired electric energy substitution amount includes the electric energy substitution amount in the residential heating field and the industrial (agricultural) production and manufacturing field, so that the electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index of the motor vehicle exhaust dust is 0.07057, and the electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index of the coal-fired electric energy substitution effect evaluation Index is 0.02284 can be calculated.
Therefore, the evaluation index of the electric energy substitution effect of the tail gas dust of the motor vehicle is larger than that of the coal, the representing effect is more obvious, the implementation and popularization strength of the electric energy substitution technology in the field needs to be increased, and the electric energy substitution technology has a good effect on air improvement. The electric energy substitution of the bulk coal and medium and small boiler coal industries is basically finished along with the year-by-year implementation of the electric energy substitution of the urban coal industry, the implementation difficulty in the coal-fired field is further increased, the emission reduction efficiency is gradually reduced, and a new project of replacing oil with electricity is further developed in the traffic field in the market A.
As shown in Table 3, the data values of 2016 to 2018 years of electric energy substitution contribution to the reduction of atmosphere ρ (PM2.5) in A city are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 electric energy substitution vs. atmospheric ρ (PM) of city A2.5) Reduced contribution
As can be seen from the figure, from 2016 to 2018, the operation method provided by the invention is applied to replace electric energyAfter the implementation, the annual average atmospheric mean rho (PM2.5) is in a stable trend and the coal is subjected to electric energy substitution implementation in 2017 and 2018, so that the annual average atmospheric mean rho (PM2.5) is in a stable descending trend, while for 2017, the electric energy substitution popularization on the motor vehicle exhaust dust is not emphasized, the contribution amount of the electric energy substitution popularization on the rho (PM2.5) of the atmosphere is increased by 3 times, and after the electric energy substitution is carried out on the motor vehicle exhaust dust in 2018, the contribution amount of the electric energy substitution popularization on the rho (PM2.5) of the atmosphere is obviously reduced. Without the application of this method, it is possible to continue to focus on the implementation of electrical energy substitution in the coal burning field, eventually leading to its urban atmosphere ρ (PM) as a result of the continued increase in pollutant emissions from motor vehicles2.5) And the electric energy replacement environmental benefit is poor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an operation method implemented by an electric energy replacement strategy based on environmental protection target constraints,
the invention can quantitatively research the relation between electric energy substitution and environment improvement, accurately evaluate the environmental benefit of electric energy substitution implementation, enable the electric energy substitution and the realization of an environmental protection target to form positive interaction, and timely adjust related electric energy substitution projects according to the efficiency ratio and the atmospheric particulate pollution occupation ratio, thereby ensuring the maximum environmental benefit after the electric energy substitution projects are implemented, and simultaneously, the excavation of objects which are potentially required to be implemented provides powerful grippers for electric energy substitution promoters, thereby ensuring the continuous increase of annual electric energy substitution quantity. The particle sampling and laboratory analysis method is simple, can be used by related urban energy management and pollution treatment and electric energy replacement and popularization personnel of power grid companies, and has huge practical application potential under the current urban atmospheric pollution pressure.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An operation method for implementing an electric energy replacement strategy based on environmental protection target constraints is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: sampling particulate matters, wherein sampling points are positioned in the centers of cities, and air is sampled in areas with dense population and mainly in commercial activity areas, schools or residential houses around the areas;
step two: analyzing the concentration of the particles in a laboratory by adopting a weighing method, drying all samples in a constant temperature and humidity environment, and obtaining the mass of a sampling diaphragm before and after sampling by adopting a one-millionth scale;
taking one eighth of the membrane sample by a ceramic scissors, putting the membrane sample into a colorimetric tube, fixing the volume by ultrapure water, putting the membrane sample into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for ultrasonic cleaning, filtering by a mixed fiber-water system filter head to obtain a sample to be measured, and measuring NO in the sample by an ion chromatograph3 -、NO2 -、SO4 2-、Cl-、NH4 +、K+、Na+、Ca2+And Mg2+The ion concentration of (a);
putting one eighth of the film sample into a digestion tank, adding a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid for microwave digestion, removing acid and fixing volume after digestion, analyzing Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Be, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, V, Fe, Se, As, Mo and U elements in the sample by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and measuring the contents of element carbon and organic carbon in the sample by using a multiband carbon analyzer;
step three: analyzing the particulate matter pollution source, namely analyzing the particulate matter pollution source in a certain area by adopting an orthogonal matrix factor analysis (PMF) model, wherein the particulate matter pollution source mainly comprises four types of fire coal, crustal dust, motor vehicle tail gas and secondary sources;
step four: the method comprises the following steps of counting electric energy substitution amount, wherein annual power consumption before and after the electric energy substitution technology is implemented of four pollution sources including earth crust dust, fire coal, motor vehicle tail gas and secondary sources is counted annually according to technical transformation list data in an area where electric energy substitution technology transformation is implemented;
step five: evaluating the electric energy substitution effect, namely calculating the change rate, namely the reduction ratio, of each pollution source field before and after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the contribution ratio value of the pollution source analyzed in the third step to the environmental air particulate matter, calculating the increased power consumption of each field after the implementation of the electric energy substitution technology according to the annual power consumption of each pollution source field in the fourth step, and taking the ratio of the pollution source reduction ratio to the increased power consumption as the evaluation index of the electric energy substitution effect, wherein the larger the value is, the more obvious the representative effect is, and the more the implementation and popularization strength of the electric energy substitution technology in the field needs to be increased;
step six: and (4) electric energy substitution implementation strategy, analyzing the proportion of the pollution sources according to the third step, carrying out corresponding electric energy substitution technology popularization on the pollution sources with contribution ratio values of not less than 15% to the environmental air particulate matters, closely paying attention to the annual rising pollution sources, and preferentially increasing electric energy substitution implementation strength according to the industry with high indexes in the electric energy substitution effect evaluation result in the fifth step in order to obtain a better effect.
2. The operating method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint is characterized in that in the second step, the sample is dried in a constant temperature and humidity environment for not less than 48 hours, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity environment is 20-40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 30-60%.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity environment is 26 ℃.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the relative humidity is 45%.
5. The operation method implemented by the electric energy substitution strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint is characterized in that in the second step, the cleaning time of ultrasonic cleaning is 20-40 minutes, and then a mixed fiber-water system filter head with the diameter of 0.1-0.4 μm is adopted for filtering to obtain a sample to be measured.
6. The operating method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint is characterized in that a mixed fiber-water system filter head with the diameter of 0.22 μm is adopted for filtering to obtain a sample to be tested.
7. The operating method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint is characterized in that in the second step, the weight part ratio of nitric acid to hydrochloric acid in the mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid is 3: 1.
8. The operating method implemented by the electric energy substitution strategy based on the environmental protection target constraints as recited in claim 1, wherein in the third step, a specific method for analyzing the particulate matter pollution source in a certain area by using an orthogonal matrix factor analysis model is as follows:
setting X as a matrix X as n X m, n as the number of samples and m as the number of chemical components, decomposing the matrix X into a matrix G and a matrix F, wherein the matrix G as n X p contributes to a particulate pollution source matrix, the matrix F as p X m is a particulate pollution source component spectrum matrix, and p is the number of main pollution sources;
defining: x ═ GF + E, E is the residual matrix, representing the difference existing between X and GF, the objective of the orthogonal matrix factor analysis is to minimize Q, defined as:
i＝1，2，······，n；j＝1，2，······，m；k＝1，2，······，p；
wherein s is the standard deviation of X, Xij，gik，fkj，eijElements of X, G, F and E matrices, respectively, at Gik≥0，fkjAnd under the constraint condition that the contribution value G of the pollution source and the composition spectrum F of the pollution source can be simultaneously determined by solving Q through an iterative minimization algorithm.
9. The operating method implemented by the electric energy replacement strategy based on the environmental protection target constraint of claim 8, wherein in the step 5, the calculated formula of the rate of change, i.e. the reduction ratio, of each pollution source field before and after the implementation of the electric energy replacement technology is as follows:
Vfreduction ratio＝(GBefore implementation-GAfter being implemented)÷GBefore implementation；
The calculation formula of the power consumption increased in each field after the implementation of the electric energy replacement technology is as follows:
ΔW＝Wafter being implemented-WBefore implementation；
The calculation formula of the electric energy substitution effect evaluation index is as follows: index VfReduction ratio÷ΔW。
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