CN110909590A - Method for acquiring plant morphological structure image - Google Patents

Method for acquiring plant morphological structure image Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110909590A
CN110909590A CN201910887465.6A CN201910887465A CN110909590A CN 110909590 A CN110909590 A CN 110909590A CN 201910887465 A CN201910887465 A CN 201910887465A CN 110909590 A CN110909590 A CN 110909590A
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plant
morphological structure
image
fine dissection
structures
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CN201910887465.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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宋晨薇
刘文亮
王强
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East China Normal University
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East China Normal University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/60Type of objects
    • G06V20/69Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
    • G06V20/693Acquisition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/10Terrestrial scenes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/60Type of objects
    • G06V20/69Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
    • G06V20/698Matching; Classification

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring a plant morphological structure image, which comprises the following steps: s1, collecting plants, identifying the plants according to relevant documents, and identifying the plants to specific species; s2, taking a field ecological photo of the plant, wherein the photo is used for showing the ecological environment of the plant and the overall and local shape of the plant; s3, contrasting the corresponding literature data, and finely dissecting and observing the plant under a body type microscope with a preset magnification; s4, shooting according to the diameters of different structures of the plant after fine dissection to obtain morphological structure images of the different structures of the plant after fine dissection, wherein the shot structures comprise important classification features of the plant. The invention can accurately show species characteristics of plants on a microscopic scale, can completely retain plant colors and forms in the image, has high fidelity, vivid image and vivid effect, is simpler to operate, reduces the error rate in the drawing process, and consumes less time.

Description

Method for acquiring plant morphological structure image
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image acquisition of plant morphological structures, in particular to a method for acquiring an image of a plant morphological structure.
Background
The traditional morphological taxonomy research mainly adopts a biological ink graph, and has the advantages of strong scientificity, simplicity, clearness, obvious emphasis, simple drawing and plate making, low printing requirement and the like. Meanwhile, the drawing of the biological ink line graph has certain characteristics and rules, has higher requirements on drawn lines, and requires a plotter to have certain artistic repair and master a specific drawing technique. Different drawing methods are required to be adopted for drawing biological specimens with different sizes and dimensions. The manual drawing method is complicated and complicated for a plotter, has large workload and long drawing period, is easy to make mistakes in the drawing process, and the drawn biological ink line graph has low fidelity, is not vivid enough, and cannot accurately show species characteristics on a microscopic scale, variation of structures of all parts of a biological specimen and the like.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the photography industry, photography techniques are being increasingly applied to morphological studies. Conventional biological photography has significant advantages for morphological studies, such as rapidity, realistic writing, etc., but has disadvantages compared to biological mapping, especially failing to exhibit local structures and subtle features of biological specimens that are taxonomically significant.
In general, there is a limitation in morphological taxonomy research using both traditional biophotography and biophotography, and therefore, the development of a new technical solution for acquiring morphological structure images of plants is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for acquiring a plant morphological structure image, which can accurately show species characteristics of a plant on a microscopic scale, completely retain plant colors and forms in the image, have high fidelity, are vivid and lively, are simpler to operate, reduce the error rate in the drawing process and consume less time.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of obtaining an image of a plant morphological structure comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting plants, identifying the plants according to relevant documents, and identifying the plants to specific species;
s2, taking a field ecological photo of the plant, wherein the photo is used for showing the ecological environment of the plant and the overall and local shape of the plant;
s3, contrasting with corresponding literature data, and finely dissecting and observing the plant under a body type microscope with a preset magnification;
s4, shooting according to the diameters of different finely-dissected structures of the plant to obtain morphological structure images of the finely-dissected structures of the plant, wherein the shot structures comprise important classification features of the plant.
Further, after step S1, the method further includes: the date the plant was harvested, the location, the family name to which the species belongs and the person identified were recorded.
Preferably, the field ecological photograph of the plant in the step S2 is taken using a wide-angle lens or a macro lens.
Preferably, the corresponding literature data in step S3 includes "chinese plant records" and other related literature data.
Preferably, the preset magnification in step S3 is 6.3 to 120 times.
Preferably, the photographing according to the diameter size of the different finely-dissected structures of the plant in step S4 includes:
when the diameters of different structures of the plant subjected to fine dissection are more than or equal to 5mm, shooting by using a 1-time macro lens with the focal length of 90mm, 100mm or 105 mm;
when the diameter of different structures of the plant after fine dissection is less than 5mm, an ultramicro lens with the magnification of 2-5 times or microscopic shooting is used,
the microscope shooting is carried out through a body type microscope with a shooting function, or the microscope is connected with a three-target type microscope through a single lens reflex adapter ring.
Preferably, the important classification characteristics of the plant in step S4 include leaves, sepals, corolla, stamen, pistil, fruit and seeds.
Preferably, the morphological structure images of different structures of the plant after fine dissection in step S4 are all photographed under a black background, and a scale is placed beside the plant when the images are photographed.
Further, after step S4, the method further includes:
and integrating morphological structure images of different structures of the plant after fine dissection into a psd format file with a black background, wherein each morphological structure image is a layer and is named by a structure name.
The method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image can accurately show species characteristics of the plant on a microscopic scale, and plant colors and shapes can be completely preserved in the image, so that the method is high in fidelity and vivid;
2. the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image is simpler to operate, reduces the error rate in the drawing process, and consumes less time;
3. according to the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image, provided by the invention, when some structures of the plant are changed, the plant morphological structure image can be shot and recorded quickly, the change of the structures of all parts of the plant can be shown, and the information content is large.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining an image of a plant morphological structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a bio-ink graph of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers, provided in chinese phytography, wherein 1 is a bio-ink graph of a plant of bermuda grass Cynodon cynodongi (L.) pers, 2 is a bio-ink graph of a spikelet of bermuda cynodongi (L.) pers, 3 is a bio-ink graph of an hull of bermuda cynodongi (L.) pers, 4 is a bio-ink graph of an hull of bermuda cynodongi (L.) pers, 5 is a bio-ink graph of a caryopsis of bermuda cynodongi (L.) pers, and 6 is a bio-ink graph of a leaf tongue of bera cynodongi (L.) pers;
fig. 3 is an image of the morphological structure of the inflorescence and spikelet after fine dissection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (part) of the spikelet after fine dissection, B is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (expanded) of the spikelet after fine dissection, C is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (closed) of the spikelet after fine dissection, i is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet after fine dissection, ii is an image of the morphological structure of the peridium after fine dissection, ii is an image of the peridium of the spikelet after fine dissection, and iii is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet after fine dissection, v is the morphological structure image of the outer glume after fine dissection of cynodon dactylon (L.), and the scale in the figure is 1 mm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are provided merely as a general illustration of the products or methods of the invention and are helpful in understanding the invention but do not limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for acquiring a plant morphological structure image, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, collecting plants, and identifying the plants according to relevant documents until specific species are identified.
In some embodiments, after step S1, the method may further include: the date the plant was harvested, the location, the family name to which the species belongs and the person identified were recorded.
S2, taking a field ecological picture of the plant, wherein the picture is used for showing the ecological environment of the plant and the overall and local shape of the plant.
In some embodiments, the field ecological photograph of the plant in step S2 may be taken using a wide-angle lens. In other embodiments, the field ecological photograph of the plant in step S2 may be taken using macro lenses.
S3, according to the corresponding literature data, finely dissecting and observing the plant under a body type microscope with preset magnification.
Specifically, the corresponding literature data in step S3 may include "chinese plant records" and other related literature data.
In some embodiments, the preset magnification may be 6.3 times. In other embodiments, the preset magnification may be 120 times.
S4, shooting according to the diameters of different finely-dissected structures of the plant to obtain morphological structure images of the finely-dissected structures of the plant, wherein the shot structures comprise important classification features of the plant.
Specifically, the step S4 of photographing according to the diameters of the different finely-dissected structures of the plant may include:
when the diameter of different structures of the plant after fine dissection is more than or equal to 5mm, shooting is carried out by using a 1-time macro lens with the focal length of 90mm, 100mm or 105 mm.
In some embodiments, when the diameter of different structures of the plant after fine dissection is greater than or equal to 5mm, the plant is photographed by using a 1-fold macro lens with a focal length of 90 mm.
In other embodiments, when the diameter of the different structures of the plant after fine dissection is greater than or equal to 5mm, the plant is photographed by using a 1-time macro lens with a focal length of 100 mm.
In other embodiments, when the diameter of the different structures of the plant after fine dissection is greater than or equal to 5mm, the plant is photographed by using a 1-time macro lens with a focal length of 105 mm.
When the diameters of different structures of the plant after fine dissection are smaller than 5mm, shooting by using an ultramicro-range lens with the magnification of 2-5 times.
In some embodiments, when the diameter of different structures of the plant after fine dissection is less than 5mm, the plant is photographed by using a 2-fold super-macro lens.
In other embodiments, when the diameter of the different structures of the plant after fine dissection is less than 5mm, the plant is photographed by using a 5-fold super-macro lens.
When the diameter of the different structures of the plant after fine dissection is less than 5mm, microscopic photography is used.
In some embodiments, the photomicrograph is performed by a body microscope with a self-contained photography function.
In other embodiments, the photomicrograph is performed by connecting a single lens reflex adapter ring to a three-lens microscope.
In some embodiments, the important classification characteristics of the plant in step S4 may include leaves (and leaf shape changes), sepals (expanding), corolla (expanding for corolla), stamen (group), pistil (group), fruit, seeds (embryo), etc.
Except for special cases, morphological structure images of different structures of the plant subjected to fine dissection in the step S4 are all shot under a black background, and dark seeds can be shot by taking a single color cardboard or a silica gel plate as the background. When shooting, a scale can be placed beside the plant.
In some embodiments, after step S4, the method may further include: and integrating morphological structure images of different structures of the plant after fine dissection into a psd format file with a black background, wherein each morphological structure image is a layer and is named by a structure name, so that later-stage plate making and application are facilitated.
In a specific example, taking Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers as an example, there is provided a method of acquiring a morphological structure image of Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) collecting plants, performing species identification on the plants, and determining that the family name of the plant belongs to the plant family name of Gramineae, the genus name of Cynodon, and the species name of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. The date the plant was harvested, the location, the family name to which the species belongs and the person identified were recorded.
(2) Taking a field ecological photo of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers through a wide-angle lens, wherein the photo is used for showing the ecological environment of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers and the overall and local forms of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
(3) In contrast to the Chinese plant record and other relevant literature data, the Cynodon cynoglossum (L.) Pers is finely dissected and observed by using a scalpel and other tools under a body microscope with a preset magnification of 100 times.
(4) And carrying out microspur or ultramicro shooting according to the diameters of different structures subjected to fine dissection to obtain morphological structure images of the different structures subjected to fine dissection.
The structure of the image shot comprises important classification features of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, including features of spike-cob (part), spikelet (spread), spikelet (close), floret, palea, lemma, glume and glume.
Specifically, when the diameters of different structures subjected to fine dissection of the Cynodon (L.) Pers are more than or equal to 5mm, shooting by using a 1-time macro lens with the focal length of 100 mm; when the diameters of different structures of the cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. after fine dissection are smaller than 5mm, shooting by using an ultramicro-telephoto lens with the magnification of 4 times.
Morphological structural images of different structures after fine dissection of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers are all shot under a black background except special cases. During shooting, a scale is placed beside Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
(5) Using Adobe Lightrom and Adobe Photoshop software to process the morphological structure image backgrounds of different structures of the Cynodon cynoglossum (L.) Pers after fine dissection into black, integrating the morphological structure image backgrounds into a psd format file with a black background, wherein each morphological structure image is an image layer and named by a structure name, and facilitating later-stage plate making and application.
Fig. 2 is a bionomogram of bermuda grass cynodonglene (L.) per provided in "chinese plant records", in which 1 is a bionomogram of a plant of bermuda grass cynodonglene (L.) per, 2 is a bionomogram of a spikelet of bermuda cynodonglene (L.) per, 3 is a bionomogram of an lemma of bermuda cynodonglene (L.) per, 4 is a bionomogram of an inner shell of bermuda cynodonne (L.) per, 5 is a bionomogram of a caryopsis of a pers, and 6 is a bionomogram of a leafy tongue of the bermuda cynodonglene (L.) per. The bioink graph shows the overall plant structure of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers and the general structures of spikelet, lemma, palea, glume, leaf-tongue, etc. The general inflorescence of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is only seen to be finger-shaped, straight or slightly bent, hard and flat, but the specific structures of the inflorescence and spikelet of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cannot be seen, and the color and the shape of each part of the structure of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cannot be completely reserved by the bioink graph, so that the fidelity is not high, and the image is not vivid enough; in addition, the biological ink line graph is complicated and complicated for a plotter, has large workload and long drawing period, and is easy to make mistakes in the drawing process.
Fig. 3 is an image of the morphological structure of the inflorescence and spikelet after fine dissection according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (part) of the spikelet after fine dissection, B is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (expanded) of the spikelet after fine dissection, C is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet (closed) of the spikelet after fine dissection, i is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet after fine dissection, ii is an image of the morphological structure of the peridium after fine dissection, ii is an image of the peridium of the spikelet after fine dissection, and iii is an image of the morphological structure of the spikelet after fine dissection, v is the morphological structure image of the glume of the cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. The scale bar in fig. 3 is 1 mm. As can be seen in fig. 3, the spikelets overlap 1/2-2/3 in length (see fig. 3A); 2-2.7mm of spikelet, about 1mm of spikelet extension, sometimes with tiny degenerate florets at the tip (see fig. 3B, C); the glumes are thready and acicular, are generally slightly purple, are generally longer than half of a floret, are 1.5-2mm, have 1 vein, and have rough and thickened back ridges (see fig. 3iv and v); the lemma is as long as the spikelet, there are silky, long and soft hairs along the ridge, straight hairs, or no hairs or side veins with sparse and long and soft hairs, and the tip is tapered (see fig. 3 iii); the palea is hairless and the ridge is rough (see fig. 3 ii); anthers were greater than 1mm long, caryopsis were nearly cylindrical, and both sides were slightly flattened (see fig. 3 i).
As can be seen from fig. 3, the method for obtaining the image of the morphological structure of Cynodon dactylon (L.) persion provided in the embodiment of the present invention can accurately show the inflorescence and the specific structure of the spikelet of Cynodon dactylon (L.) persion, compared with the conventional biological black-line graph, and the specific structural color and the morphology of the inflorescence and the spikelet can be completely preserved in the image, so that the method has the advantages of high fidelity, vivid image, simpler operation, reduced error rate in the drawing process, and less time consumption; in addition, compared with the traditional biological ink graph, due to the convenient and modular operation of the photographic technology, when certain structures of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers are changed, the images can be quickly shot and recorded, the situation that the same structure is drawn for multiple times to show the change among individuals is not needed, the change of the structures of all parts of the Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers can be shown, and the information quantity is large.
The method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image provided by the embodiment of the invention can accurately show species characteristics of plants on a microscopic scale, and plant colors and forms can be completely preserved in the image, so that the method is high in fidelity and vivid;
2. the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image provided by the embodiment of the invention is simpler to operate, reduces the error rate in the drawing process, and consumes less time;
3. according to the method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image, provided by the embodiment of the invention, when some structures of the plant are changed, the plant morphological structure image can be shot and recorded quickly, the change of the structures of all parts of the plant can be displayed, and the information content is large.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes can be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such changes are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

1. A method for obtaining an image of a morphological structure of a plant, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting plants, identifying the plants according to relevant documents, and identifying the plants to specific species;
s2, taking a field ecological photo of the plant, wherein the photo is used for showing the ecological environment of the plant and the overall and local shape of the plant;
s3, contrasting with corresponding literature data, and finely dissecting and observing the plant under a body type microscope with a preset magnification;
s4, shooting according to the diameters of different finely-dissected structures of the plant to obtain morphological structure images of the finely-dissected structures of the plant, wherein the shot structures comprise important classification features of the plant.
2. The method for acquiring plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, further comprising after step S1: the date the plant was harvested, the location, the family name to which the species belongs and the person identified were recorded.
3. The method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field ecological picture of the plant in the step S2 is taken by using a wide-angle lens or a macro lens.
4. The method for obtaining the plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corresponding literature in step S3 comprises "chinese botanical record" and other related literature.
5. The method for obtaining the plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset magnification of the step S3 is 6.3 to 120 times.
6. The method for obtaining plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 comprises the step of shooting according to the diameter size of different structures of the plant after fine dissection:
when the diameters of different structures of the plant subjected to fine dissection are more than or equal to 5mm, shooting by using a 1-time macro lens with the focal length of 90mm, 100mm or 105 mm;
when the diameter of different structures of the plant after fine dissection is less than 5mm, an ultramicro lens with the magnification of 2-5 times or microscopic shooting is used,
the microscope shooting is carried out through a body type microscope with a shooting function, or the microscope is connected with a three-target type microscope through a single lens reflex adapter ring.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant morphological structure image of step S4 is obtained by classifying the plant into important features including leaves, sepals, corolla, stamen, pistil, fruit and seeds.
8. The method for acquiring the plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the morphological structure images of different structures of the plant after the fine dissection in the step S4 are all shot in a black background, and a scale is placed beside the plant when the morphological structure images are shot.
9. The method for acquiring plant morphological structure image as claimed in claim 1, further comprising after step S4:
and integrating morphological structure images of different structures of the plant after fine dissection into a psd format file with a black background, wherein each morphological structure image is a layer and is named by a structure name.
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