CN110908218B - Mechanical iris device driven by winding type shape memory alloy wire - Google Patents
Mechanical iris device driven by winding type shape memory alloy wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110908218B CN110908218B CN201911209377.7A CN201911209377A CN110908218B CN 110908218 B CN110908218 B CN 110908218B CN 201911209377 A CN201911209377 A CN 201911209377A CN 110908218 B CN110908218 B CN 110908218B
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- shape memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/02—Diaphragms
- G03B9/06—Two or more co-operating pivoted blades, e.g. iris type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/02—Diaphragms
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Cameras (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire, which comprises an iris mechanism module, a driving module and a power management module, wherein the driving module comprises a spring and a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted; the power supply management module converts the input voltage into power supply input of the shape memory alloy wire, and the power supply input is used for heating the shape memory alloy wire and driving the blades to move; the invention adopts the shape memory alloy wire to drive to realize the opening and closing functions of the blades of the mechanical iris mechanism, and avoids the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability in the motor driving mode. The mechanical iris device provided by the invention is suitable for various aerospace applications with high requirements on weight and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical iris device, in particular to a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire.
Background
Iris mechanisms are of two kinds, 2D (planar) and 3D (spherical). The most common application of the plane iris mechanism is a camera diaphragm which is composed of a plurality of overlapped arc-shaped thin metal blades, the size of a central circular aperture is changed by the separation and reunion of the blades, the number of the arc-shaped thin metal blades can be from 5 to 18, and the more the blades are, the more the aperture is circular. The spherical iris mechanism is characterized in that the blades are arranged on a spherical surface, and the blades extend out to form the spherical surface. The spherical iris has a plurality of potential applications, such as a hidden mechanism of an airborne detection device, a missile tail nozzle opening and closing mechanism and the like.
Opening and closing of the iris mechanism is typically accomplished by rotating the mechanism to vary the distance of the blades from the center of the circle. In the traditional mode, a rotating mechanism is driven by a motor to drive the iris mechanism to open and close. The mode adopts the motor as the driving mechanism, which can meet the requirements in the conventional fields such as ground application, but when the driving mechanism is applied in aerospace, particularly in satellites or deep space probes, the conventional driving mechanism has the following problems: firstly, the motor is relatively heavy, and in the application field of aerospace where each gram of mass is invaluable, a driving mechanism with a new structure and light weight needs to be adopted; secondly, the driving control of the motor is complex, and the motor is easily influenced by the charged particles in the space environment, so that the reliability of the motor driving is reduced, and a driving mechanism with a simple control link is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability of the existing iris mechanism which needs to be driven by a motor, the invention provides a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire. The invention uses the shape memory alloy driving structure to replace a motor to drive the iris mechanism to open and close, has simple structure and light weight, and is suitable for aerospace application with high requirements on reliability and weight.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire comprises an iris mechanism module, a driving module and a power management module; the iris mechanism module comprises blades, an outer shell and an inner shell; the housing is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris device; the outer shell and the inner shell are coaxially arranged and can relatively rotate under the action of the driving module; the blades are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell and connected with the outer shell and the inner shell, and can be opened or closed when the outer shell and the inner shell rotate relatively;
the method is characterized in that:
the driving module comprises a spring and a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted; the spring and the shape memory alloy wire are both positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell; one end of the spring is fixed on the outer shell, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the inner shell; the shape memory alloy wire is wound on the inner shell, one end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed with the outer shell, and the other end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed with the inner shell; when the shape memory alloy wire is electrified and heated to shrink, the outer shell and the inner shell can be driven to rotate relatively, and the length of the shape memory alloy wire meets the requirement that the length change after the shape memory alloy wire is heated and shrunk can provide displacement required by the relative rotation of the outer shell and the inner shell; when the shape memory alloy wire is powered off, the spring can pull the outer shell and the inner shell to rotate oppositely in opposite directions;
the power supply management module converts the input voltage into power supply input of the shape memory alloy wire, and the power supply input is used for heating the shape memory alloy wire and driving the blades to move; and the power supply management module can control the on-off of the shape memory alloy wire according to a given signal.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the power management module can change the relative rotation speed of the outer shell and the inner shell by changing the input current of the shape memory alloy wire.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the inner shell is provided with clamping grooves which are parallel to the axial direction, and the clamping grooves are internally provided with rollers which are used as supports for winding the shape memory alloy wires on the inner shell.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the iris mechanism module is a spherical iris mechanism module; the blade is provided with a round hole and an inclined slotted hole; the blade round holes are matched with the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell, so that the blades can rotate around the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell; the oblique slotted hole of the blade is matched with the cylindrical short rod on the shell, so that the blade can slide along the cylindrical short rod on the shell, and the opening or closing of the blade is realized.
In a further preferred scheme, the mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire is characterized in that: the outer shell is matched with the bottom of the inner shell through a bearing.
Advantageous effects
The mechanical iris device driven by the winding type shape memory alloy wire provided by the invention realizes the opening and closing functions of the blades of the mechanical iris mechanism by adopting the shape memory alloy wire for driving, and solves the problems of complex structure, relatively large weight and low control reliability in a motor driving mode. The mechanical iris device provided by the invention is suitable for various aerospace applications with high requirements on weight and reliability.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial structure schematic diagram of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire.
Fig. 3 is a fully closed schematic view of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a semi-open schematic view of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a fully opened internal schematic view of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a fully opened view of a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a stress-strain curve of a shape memory alloy wire for a mechanical iris apparatus driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire according to the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is iris shell; 2 is an iris inner shell; 3 is a spring; 4 is a shape memory alloy wire; 5 is a blade; 6 is a fixing piece; 7 is a roller; 8 is a bearing; 9 is a power management module; and 10 is a bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire.
The mechanical iris device comprises the following characteristics:
the method is characterized in that: the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire comprises an iris mechanism module, a driving module and a power management module.
And (2) feature: the iris mechanism module consists of blades, an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris mechanism, and the blades are opened and closed through the relative rotation of the inner shell and the outer shell.
And (3) feature: the driving module consists of a spring and a shape memory alloy wire. One end of the spring is fixed on the iris outer shell, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the iris inner shell; the shape memory alloy wire is wound on the iris inner shell, and one end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed with the outer shell. The length of the shape memory alloy wire is determined by the rotation angle required to be driven. The shape memory alloy wire can be shortened by electrifying and heating the shape memory alloy wire, and the inner shell and the outer shell of the iris mechanism are driven to rotate relatively.
And (4) feature: the power management module is fixed on the iris shell and has two functions: firstly, voltage in a certain voltage range can be converted into power supply input required by a driving module, the shape memory alloy wire is heated, and the blade is driven to move; and secondly, the functions of electrifying and powering off the driving module are realized through a given signal. The opening and closing speed of the blades can be changed by changing the current input into the shape memory alloy wires.
And (5) feature: the mechanical iris device driven by the shape memory alloy wire has two forms. One mode is that the device is in a blade closing state in a normal state, the driving module is electrified to drive the blades to open; the power is turned off and the spring pulls the blade back to the closed position. The other form is that the device is in a blade opening state in a normal state, the driving module is electrified, and the driving blades are closed; the power is cut off and the spring pulls the blades back to the open position.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In this embodiment:
the outer shell and the inner shell of the iris have better rigidity, and the integral structure except the blades can not deform.
The shape memory alloy wire is recoverable within a limited deformation range, thereby enabling stretching and contraction of the shape memory alloy wire.
The cylindrical short rods on the iris outer shell and the iris inner shell can be replaced by bolts.
The iris mechanism can be in a normally closed state or a normally open state according to actual requirements, and power supply is not needed in the normally closed state or the normally open state.
The electrical signal is removed, the power is cut off, and the spring pulls the blades back to the open state or the closed state.
Refer to FIGS. 1 to 6. The invention relates to a mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire, which comprises an iris shell 1, wherein blades 5, springs 3, the shape memory alloy wire 4 and a bearing 8 are arranged in the iris shell 1. The round holes arranged on the blades 5 are matched with the cylindrical short bars on the iris inner shell 2, so that the blades 5 can rotate around the cylindrical short bars on the iris inner shell 2; the inclined slotted hole that blade 5 set up cooperates with the cylinder stub on the iris shell 1, makes blade 5 can slide along the cylinder stub on the iris shell 1.
A clamping groove is formed in the iris inner shell 2, and a roller 7 is installed; the shape memory alloy wire 4 is wound on the iris inner shell 2 and is in contact with the roller 7, and the roller 7 is used as a support of the shape memory alloy wire 4. The upper end and the lower end of the shape memory alloy wire 4 are respectively fixedly connected with the iris inner shell 2 and the iris outer shell 1 through fixing pieces 6. The power supply of the shape memory alloy wire 4 is controlled by the power management module 9 to control current and signals.
The lower side of the iris inner shell 2 is provided with an annular groove which is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the bearing 8, the outer ring of the bearing 8 is fixedly connected with the iris outer shell 1, and the iris inner shell 2 can only move in the circumferential direction relative to the iris outer shell 1. The oblique slotted hole and the round hole of the blade 5 are respectively matched with the cylindrical short rod on the iris outer shell 1 and the cylindrical short rod on the iris inner shell 2, and the iris inner shell 2 can only move circumferentially relative to the iris outer shell 1, so that the blade 5 can perform circular motion around the cylindrical short rod of the iris inner shell 2. The upper end of the spring 3 is fixedly connected with the iris outer shell 1, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the iris inner shell.
Refer to fig. 7. The shape memory alloy wire 4 in the mechanical iris device driven by the winding type shape memory alloy wire has the capability of thermal deformation and shrinkage.
When the iris device works, the iris device is in a completely closed state, the blades 5 are in a closed state, the power management module 9 provides energy and control signals for the shape memory alloy wire 4, the shape memory alloy wire 4 is electrified and heated, due to the shape memory effect, the shape memory alloy wire 4 contracts, the upper end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixedly connected with the iris inner shell 2, the lower end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixedly connected with the iris outer shell 1, the iris inner shell 2 moves clockwise and circumferentially, the two ends of the spring 3 are respectively fixed on the iris outer shell 1 and the iris inner shell 2, the spring 3 moves clockwise and circumferentially and stores energy, the blades 5 move anticlockwise around a cylindrical short rod of the iris inner shell 2, the blades 5 are screwed into the iris outer shell 1 and move into the iris outer shell 1, the blades 5 cannot be observed, and at the moment, the iris device is in a completely open state.
After the iris device is in a completely opened state, the blades 5 are in a completely retracted state, the power management module 9 sends out a power-off control signal to the shape memory alloy wire 4, the shape memory alloy wire 4 is powered off and cooled, the spring 3 consumes energy due to the fact that the shape memory alloy wire 4 is cooled, the iris inner shell 2 moves anticlockwise and circumferentially relative to the iris outer shell 1, the shape memory alloy wire 4 is pulled back to the original length by the spring 3, the blades 5 move clockwise and circumferentially around the cylindrical short rod of the iris inner shell 2, the blades 5 gradually unscrew from the iris outer shell 1 and the iris inner shell 2 along with the rotation of the blades 5, and at the moment, the iris device is in a completely closed state.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A mechanical iris device driven by a wound shape memory alloy wire comprises an iris mechanism module, a driving module and a power management module; the iris mechanism module comprises blades, an outer shell and an inner shell; the housing is fixed on equipment needing the protection of the iris device; the outer shell and the inner shell are coaxially arranged and can relatively rotate under the action of the driving module; the blades are positioned between the outer shell and the inner shell and connected with the outer shell and the inner shell, and can be opened or closed when the outer shell and the inner shell rotate relatively;
the method is characterized in that:
the iris mechanism module is a spherical iris mechanism module;
the lower main body parts of the outer shell and the inner shell are cylindrical structures, and a gap is formed between the lower main body parts of the outer shell and the inner shell; the driving module comprises a spring and a shape memory alloy wire which is heated and contracted; the spring and the shape memory alloy wire are both positioned in a gap between the outer shell and the inner shell; one end of the spring is fixed on the outer shell, and the other end of the spring is fixed on the inner shell; the shape memory alloy wire is wound on the inner shell, one end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed with the outer shell, the other end of the shape memory alloy wire is fixed with the inner shell, a clamping groove which is parallel to the axial direction is formed in the inner shell, a roller is arranged in the clamping groove, and the roller is used as a support for winding the shape memory alloy wire on the inner shell; when the shape memory alloy wire is electrified and heated to shrink, the outer shell and the inner shell can be driven to rotate relatively, and the length of the shape memory alloy wire meets the requirement that the length change after the shape memory alloy wire is heated and shrunk can provide displacement required by the relative rotation of the outer shell and the inner shell; when the shape memory alloy wire is powered off, the spring can pull the outer shell and the inner shell to rotate oppositely in opposite directions; the power supply management module converts the input voltage into power supply input of the shape memory alloy wire, and the power supply input is used for heating the shape memory alloy wire and driving the blades to move; and the power supply management module can control the on-off of the shape memory alloy wire according to a given signal.
2. The mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein: the power management module can change the relative rotation speed of the outer shell and the inner shell by changing the input current of the shape memory alloy wire.
3. The mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein: the blade is provided with a round hole and an inclined slotted hole; the blade round holes are matched with the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell, so that the blades can rotate around the cylindrical short rods on the inner shell; the oblique slotted hole of the blade is matched with the cylindrical short rod on the shell, so that the blade can slide along the cylindrical short rod on the shell, and the opening or closing of the blade is realized.
4. The mechanical iris device driven by the wound shape memory alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein: the outer shell is matched with the bottom of the inner shell through a bearing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911209377.7A CN110908218B (en) | 2019-12-01 | 2019-12-01 | Mechanical iris device driven by winding type shape memory alloy wire |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911209377.7A CN110908218B (en) | 2019-12-01 | 2019-12-01 | Mechanical iris device driven by winding type shape memory alloy wire |
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| CN110908218A CN110908218A (en) | 2020-03-24 |
| CN110908218B true CN110908218B (en) | 2021-11-30 |
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Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61144631A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1986-07-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Diaphragm device |
| JPH03267927A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-11-28 | Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd | Charging device for camera |
| JP3092951B2 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 2000-09-25 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope diaphragm device |
| GB2272532B (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1995-11-15 | Samsung Aerospace Ind | Electromagnetic shutter apparatus |
| JP2001263221A (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-26 | Minolta Co Ltd | Control device using actuator including shape memory alloy |
| US7708478B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-05-04 | Nokia Corporation | Actuator mechanism and a shutter mechanism |
| JP2008281900A (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Toki Corporation Kk | Drive device and lens protective device |
| CN103765310B (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2016-08-24 | 佳能电子株式会社 | Light quantity adjustment apparatus and optical device |
| JP2013186231A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-19 | Seiko Epson Corp | Lens cover device and projector |
| DE102014004788A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Audi Ag | Iris diaphragm for a camera, camera and motor vehicle with such a camera |
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