CN110907902B - Weather radar calibration method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention relates to a weather radar calibration method, which uses RFD with small, medium and large fixed power at 1.5Km and CW signals with fixed power which circularly step along with distance in the range from 5Km to 200Km to inject from the front end of a receiver, and uses the average value of the measured value and the target value difference value of the four types of calibration signals to correct echo intensity measured values in real time so as to ensure the measurement precision of high, medium and low echo intensities in the quantitative observation range of the radar; and simultaneously, KD signals (three power signals) are output by a klystron once in 8 hours, the KD signals are injected from the front end of the receiver through delay analog echo signals, the average value of the difference value between the measured value and the target value is calculated to carry out echo intensity calibration check, and the automatic alarm is carried out when the average value exceeds the limit, so that the accuracy of the measured value of the echo intensity is ensured. The beneficial effects achieved by the invention are as follows: the automatic online correction can be realized, the accuracy is good, and the precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna area array processing, in particular to a weather radar calibration method.
Background
The CINRAD-SC/CD radar produced by the company has stable overall operation after being put into service operation, and plays an important role in weather forecast service, disaster prevention, disaster reduction and the like. However, as the operation years are increased, radar faults gradually increase, equipment hardware aging, reliability and performance parameters are reduced, radar observation data quality is affected, meanwhile, radar intelligentization degree cannot meet weather modernization development requirements, software testing functions are imperfect, special radar parameter testing platforms are lacking, automatic online monitoring points are insufficient, remote diagnosis functions and automatic online calibration functions are imperfect, and radar construction benefits are not fully exerted.
The radar before improvement only performs characteristic curve calibration and emission peak power measurement at each body sweep interval, and is used for intensity calibration of the next body sweep period. And detection items such as phase noise, noise coefficient, intensity calibration and the like need to be calibrated on line in a manual intervention mode, the system cannot perform clutter suppression capacity on-line detection, and uploading parameters are few.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the weather radar calibration method which can automatically correct on line, has good accuracy and high precision.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a weather radar scaling method, the scaling steps of which are done during RDA start-up (adding phase noise and ground clutter suppression tests), and during high elevation to low elevation transitions between two body sweeps while RDA is operating normally,
the scaling items in the weather radar scaling process comprise: (1) linear channel reflectivity, (2) reflectivity calibration check, (3) speed and spectral width check, (4) clutter suppression check, (5) noise level, and (6) system noise temperature check;
testing (1), (3), (5) and (6) between body sweeps, but only testing (5) and noise level parts in testing (6) when the elevation angle is larger than 3.5 degrees; the 8-hour test of the system (i.e. the system is running cumulatively for 8 hours at cold start and "off-line" operating conditions) is augmented with (2) and (4) tests, i.e. all 6 calibrations are performed. The system does not scale between the cone sweeps, only calculates the transmitter power.
The weather radar calibration method comprises the following steps:
s1, linear channel reflectivity, namely echo intensity calibration, wherein a new intensity correction value is applied to the next sweep, and signals participating in calibration are CW and RFD (pulse width 10 mu S);
s11, providing continuous wave test signals, namely CW signals, through a frequency synthesizer, wherein the power of the CW signals is-90 to-40 dBm, the interval is 10dB, the distance range is 5-200 Km, and the distance points of 5Km, 50Km, 100Km, 150Km and 200Km are taken and injected into a receiver through a test channel;
s12, sampling pulse excitation signals coupled and output from a pulse power amplifier, and respectively injecting small, medium and high-power pulse excitation signals (the distance is fixed to be 1.5km, and the power is-60 dBm, -45dBm, -25 dBm) from the receiving front end;
s13, calculating the variable quantity delta S of the linear channel gain calibration target constant according to the on-line calibration conditions of four test signals before the beginning of each body sweep r And correcting the echo intensity measurement at the beginning of the next individual sweep; ΔS r The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the linear channel gain target constant S for the next sweep correction echo intensity measurement rTarget-update The calculation method comprises the following steps:
S rTarget-update ＝S r measurement +ΔS r ，
Wherein S is r measurement Scaling the target constant for the linear channel gain obtained by the measurement;
s2, reflectivity calibration checking, namely intensity calibration checking, does not change an intensity correction value, and is only used for over-limit warning. Using KD signal after passing through delay line as test signal;
in the transmitting state, a test signal (KD) is outputted using a klystron delayed by 10 μs/5 μs, and three power signals (power of-65 dBm, -55dBm, -45 dBm) are respectively injected from the receiving front end, and the reflectance calibration value is compared with the test target signal to determine whether it is within a defined range. If the difference between the measured value and the expected value of the reflectivity exceeds a certain range, an alarm signal is generated, and the calculation method is as follows:
s3, checking the speed and the spectrum width, wherein during the conversion period from high elevation angle to low elevation angle of the two body scanning gaps, the test signal CW is started, the frequency (or phase) of the frequency synthesizer is controlled, the test signal is injected into the front end of the receiver, the distance is 5 km-200 km, and the peak power of the receiving front end is-40 dBm; the phase shift value tests 4 points, the test value is compared with the expected value, and if the error exceeds 1m/s, an alarm prompt is given;
s4, checking clutter suppression, namely checking whether clutter suppression capability is qualified or not according to intensity difference before and after filtering by using KD signals passing through a delay line as test signals in a transmitting state, and giving out an overrun alarm;
s5, noise level measurement, no high voltage is needed, the transmitter does not transmit, the PIN switch is switched to a test channel, and noise-free sampling is achieved;
s6, checking noise temperature, not related to high voltage, not transmitting by the transmitter, injecting noise signals into the front end of the receiver through the test channel, sampling without noise, adding noise samples, and testing noise coefficient N F The noise temperature T is converted by a general formula N The calculation method comprises the following steps:
if the noise temperature of the test is out of range, an alarm signal is generated.
Further, the weather radar works from an off-line state or 8 hours later, and when cold starting is performed, the parameter used by the last body scanning is the factory parameter of the antenna radar.
Further, in the speed and spectrum width calibration, the speed calibration comprises the off-line calibration of the average radial speed and the on-line calibration of the average radial speed; on-line calibration of the average radial velocity is performed by adopting a conventional mechanical radar calibration mode; and the off-line calibration of the average radial velocity comprises two methods of an on-board signal source and an off-board signal source.
Furthermore, the method for the signal source in the machine adopts a phase shifting or frequency shifting method, controls the switch of the test channel and the frequency source frequency or phase during the conversion from the high elevation angle to the low elevation angle of the two body scanning gaps, injects the test signal into the front end of the receiver, collects the speed value of the test signal from the terminal, compares the speed value with the theoretical calculation value, and checks the speed measurement error.
The off-board signal source method adopts a frequency shift method, injects a test signal into the front end of the receiver, acquires a test signal speed value from the terminal, compares the test signal speed value with a theoretical calculation value, and checks a speed measurement error.
The beneficial effect that this scheme reached is:
(1) The echo intensity calibration technology is improved, the echo intensity is calibrated by adopting the injection power at the front end of the measuring receiver, and the purpose that the radar station performs echo intensity calibration by using a power meter at any time is achieved;
(2) The automatic on-line correction function of the echo intensity of the RFD signal is increased, the on-line detection technology of the transmitting power is improved, the power detection point of the antenna is increased, and the stability and the accuracy of on-line measurement of the transmitting power are improved;
(3) The online detection calibration signals are used for detecting related parameter variables (such as transmitting power, system noise, receiving gain, transmitting pulse width and the like) in a radar meteorological equation at regular time, determining a measurement error through comparison of an expected value and an actual measurement value, and automatically correcting in the next individual scanning period to improve the accuracy of echo intensity measurement;
(4) And (3) increasing KD (transmitter output test) signal echo intensity calibration checking and monitoring, and alarming on line when the echo intensity measurement error exceeds the limit.
(5) The echo intensity measuring error is ensured to be within +/-1 dB by four methods of echo intensity calibration, on-line real-time measuring error correction, calibration check and error overrun on-line real-time alarm, and the reliability of echo observation data is improved.
(6) The on-line speed calibration technology is improved, the Burst signal is increased, and the phase noise index is improved to be less than 0.2 degree by carrying out amplitude phase correction on the transmitting signal, so that the speed measurement precision is improved.
(7) The on-line automatic detection calibration function is perfected, and the functions of phase noise, noise coefficient, clutter suppression capability, automatic on-line speed detection and automatic on-line reflectivity intensity calibration are increased.
(8) Through the improvement of a calibration system, the online automatic detection and uploading of all calibration parameters are realized; the intensity calibration adopts 3 different signals to calibrate and check, and ensures the accuracy of echo intensity parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a weather radar test signal;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of weather radar calibration.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 1-2, taking CINRAD-SC/CD weather radar as an example, the method is used for calibration, and the calibration of the echo intensity of the weather radar mainly relates to a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, an antenna feeder, a testing channel, software and adaptive data. The transmitting power Pt is output-coupled and sampled from the klystron through a test cable by a microwave power probe. The frequency synthesizer provides a continuous wave test signal (CW signal) and a transmitter radio frequency pulse excitation signal (RFDriver signal), respectively. The CW signal is injected into the receiver through the test channel to detect the reception channel performance, and the receiver scales the test signal injection point to be the reception branch loss measurement path termination point. The pulse power amplifier coupled output RFD signal is injected into the receiver through the test channel to detect the performance of the receiving channel and the radio frequency amplification link. KD is the klystron output coupling signal, is used for ground clutter suppression detection.
The weather radar calibration method comprises the following steps of:
the RDASOT software calculates CW, RFD, KD target values according to the adaptive parameters in radar operation, and compares the target values with actual measured values and performs online calibration.
The radar adaptation data corresponding to the systematic reference value is calibrated by means of an off-board instrument and software under the radar non-body scanning state. The initial value of the systematic reference is set at the time of shipment, and is required to be continuously calibrated and corrected in actual work.
The calibration of the systematic reference value is accomplished by the rdaot software. The RDASOT software controls the on-board or off-board signal source to inject a Continuous Wave (CW) test signal with known power Pr from the receiving front end, wherein the power of the CW signal is in the range of-90 to-40 dBm (the interval is 10 dB) and the distance range of 5-200 km (taking the distance points of 5km, 50km, 100km, 150km and 200 km). The rdaot software calculates the dBZ target and obtains the actual measured value dBZ actual measurement according to the formula, and can obtain the measurement errors (delta=dbz target-dBZ actual measurement) of all the measurement points.
In operation, scaling is performed to update the systematic reference value (new) =the systematic reference value (original) +Δ. If delta < 0, the new systematic reference value is smaller than the original value, otherwise, the new systematic reference value is not smaller than the original value. Delta should be determined according to the difference magnitude and linearity of all measurement points, and the systematic reference value (new) should be made to satisfy the requirement that the error value of all measurement points is within + -1 dBZ.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the built-in test signal passes through the test channel and the receiving channel, and the power of the test channel input/output test signal needs to be measured by an off-board meter power meter to calibrate the path loss value of the test channel, thereby eliminating calibration errors caused by the test channel. In this way, the actual injection power of the receiver is consistent with the expected injection power, and the accuracy of the expected value is ensured.
The calibration of the systematic reference is a static (off-line) correction, and with Δsystematic=0, the use of off-board meters for the calibration of the systematic reference is mainly to ensure that the test channel is reliable and correct the measurement offset of the receive channel.
ΔSycal is determined by dynamic, on-line calibration, i.e., calibration is accomplished with the aid of an in-machine calibration system and software in the radar body sweep state. From the formula, ΔSycal varies with ΔC and ΔPr, where ΔC is the radar constant variation, reflecting the radar transmitting system performance variation, and ΔPr is the received power variation, reflecting the radar receiving system performance variation. ΔSycal scaling is accomplished by RDASOT software.
Δc, Δpr scaling: radar constant c=f (λ, P t 、τ、G、θ、) Generally considered as lambda, P t 、τ、G、θ、/>Almost unchanged, the emission power Pt is less stable. Therefore, the variation of the radar constant C is mainly determined by the variation of the transmission power, i.e. Δc= - Δpt, which takes the ratio of the measured transmission power to the reference power, i.e. Δpt=10 log (P reference/Pt). If the actually measured transmitting power is larger than the reference power, delta Pt is smaller than 0; conversely, ΔPt is greater than 0.
The RDASOT software controls the test calibration system to sample the pulse excitation signals coupled and output from the pulse power amplifier, and respectively injects small, medium and high power pulse excitation signals (with the distance of 1.5km and the power of-60 dBm, -45dBm, -25 dBm) from the receiving front end to obtain the RFD 1 、RFD 2 、RFD 3 3 actually measured power values are compared with corresponding expected values to obtain delta R 1 、ΔR 2 、ΔR 3 3 error values.
The RDASOT software controls the built-in test scaling system to complete ΔSycal scaling before each sweep begins.
In the calibration, the transmitting power reference value, the RFD reference value and the Sycal reference value are required to be determined first, and are set in radar adaptive parameters to be used as references for on-line calibration of echo intensities.
Transmit power reference value: a power reference, of 650kW/250kW, is set in the adaptation data.
And the transmitting power is actually measured by an off-board instrument, the adaptation data is modified, the power measurement value in the off-board is calibrated, and the consistency of the power measurement value in the off-board and the power measurement value in the off-board is ensured.
RFD reference value: modifying the adaptive data (test path loss + total loss of sampling cable) according to the actual measured power of the RF pulse excitation sampling signal, determining RFD 1 、RFD 2 、RFD 3 A reference value.
KD reference value: modifying the adaptive data (test path loss + total loss of sampling cable) according to the actually measured power of KLY coupling signal of KLY, and determining KD 1 、KD 2 、KD 3 A reference value.
And then the system value is adjusted according to the expected value and the actual measured value of the CW until the expected value and the actual measured value are consistent.
And finally, adjusting the expected values of RFD and KD to be consistent with the actual measurement value, wherein the adjusting method is the same as CW adjustment. Note that the adjustment of the desired and measured CW is the most critical step, and the adjustment of RFD and KD can be performed only after the CW adjustment is correct.
Claims (2)
1. A weather radar calibration method, the calibration steps of the weather radar calibration method being completed during RDA start-up and during high elevation to low elevation conversion between two body sweeps during RDA normal operation, the calibration steps of the antenna radar calibration method further adding phase noise, ground clutter suppression tests when calibrating during RDA start-up, characterized by:
the scaling items in the weather radar scaling process comprise: (1) linear channel reflectivity, (2) reflectivity calibration check, (3) speed and spectral width check, (4) clutter suppression check; (5) noise level detection, (6) system noise temperature checking;
the tests (1), (3), (5) and (6) are carried out when the body is scanned, but the noise level part in the test (5) and the test (6) is carried out only when the elevation angle is larger than 3.5 degrees; the system is tested for 8 hours, namely, when the system is cold started, the system is in accumulated running for 8 hours and in an off-line working state, and the tests (2) and (4) are added, namely, the tests (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) are all calibrated;
the system does not scale between the cone sweeps, only calculates the transmitter power;
the weather radar calibration method comprises the following steps:
s1, linear channel reflectivity, namely echo intensity calibration, wherein a new intensity correction value is applied to the next body sweep, and signals participating in calibration comprise a continuous wave test signal, a pulse excitation signal, namely a CW signal and an RFD signal, wherein the pulse width of the RFD signal is 10 mu S;
s11, providing continuous wave test signals, namely CW signals, through a frequency synthesizer, wherein the power of the CW signals is-90 to-40 dBm, the interval is 10dB, the distance range is 5-200 Km, and the distance points of 5Km, 50Km, 100Km, 150Km and 200Km are taken and injected into a receiver through a test channel;
s12, sampling pulse excitation signals coupled and output from a pulse power amplifier, and respectively injecting small, medium and high-power pulse excitation signals from the receiving front end, wherein the power is respectively-60 dBm, -45dBm and-25 dBm, and the fixed distance of the power of the three signals is 1.5Km;
s13, calculating the variable quantity delta S of the linear channel gain calibration target constant according to the on-line calibration conditions of four test signals before the beginning of each body sweep r And correcting the echo intensity measurement at the beginning of the next individual sweep; ΔS r The calculation method comprises the following steps:
ΔS r linear channel gain target constant S for next sweep correction echo intensity measurement rTarget-update The calculation method comprises the following steps:
S rTarget-update ＝S r measurement +ΔS r ，
Wherein S is r measurement Scaling the target constant for the linear channel gain obtained by the measurement;
s2, reflectivity calibration checking, namely intensity calibration checking, does not change an intensity correction value, and only performs overrun warning, namely, takes KD signals after passing through a delay line as test signals;
in a transmitting state, a klystron with a delay of 10 mu s/5 mu s is used for outputting a test signal, namely a KD signal, three power signals are respectively injected from the receiving front end, the power is respectively-65 dBm, -55dBm and-45 dBm, and the reflectivity calibration value is used for comparing with a test target signal to determine whether the test target signal is in a limited range or not; if the difference between the measured value and the expected value of the reflectivity exceeds a certain range, an alarm signal is generated, and the difference calculation method comprises the following steps:
s3, checking the speed and the spectrum width, wherein during the conversion period from high elevation angle to low elevation angle of the two body scanning gaps, the test signal CW is started, the frequency or the phase of the frequency synthesizer is controlled, the test signal is injected into the front end of the receiver, the distance is 5 km-200 km, and the peak power of the receiving front end is-40 dBm; the phase shift value tests 4 points, the test value is compared with the expected value, and if the error exceeds 1m/s, an alarm prompt is given;
s4, checking clutter suppression, namely checking whether clutter suppression capability is qualified or not according to intensity difference before and after filtering by using KD signals passing through a delay line as test signals in a transmitting state, and giving out an overrun alarm;
s5, measuring noise level, not concerning high voltage, not transmitting by a transmitter, switching a PIN switch to a test channel, and sampling without noise;
s6, checking noise temperature, namely, irrespective of high voltage, injecting noise signals into the front end of the receiver through a test channel without noise sampling and adding noise sampling, testing noise coefficient NF, converting noise temperature TN through a general formula, and calculating the noise temperature TN by the following steps:
if the tested noise temperature exceeds the range, generating an alarm signal;
in the speed and spectrum width calibration, the speed calibration comprises the off-line calibration of the average radial speed and the on-line calibration of the average radial speed;
on-line calibration of the average radial velocity is performed by adopting a conventional mechanical radar calibration mode;
the off-line calibration of the average radial speed comprises two methods of an on-board signal source and an off-board signal source;
the method for the signal source in the machine adopts a phase shifting or frequency shifting method, controls the switch of a test channel and the frequency source frequency or phase during the conversion from high elevation angle to low elevation angle of a gap between two body sweeps, injects a test signal into the front end of a receiver, acquires a test signal speed value from a terminal, compares the test signal speed value with a theoretical calculation value, and checks the speed measurement error;
the off-board signal source method adopts a frequency shift method, injects a test signal into the front end of the receiver, acquires a test signal speed value from the terminal, compares the test signal speed value with a theoretical calculation value, and checks a speed measurement error.
2. The weather radar scaling method of claim 1, wherein: the weather radar works from an off-line state or 8 hours later, and when cold starting is carried out, the parameters used by the last body scanning are the factory parameters of the antenna radar.
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| CN113655454B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Terahertz cloud detection radar reflectivity factor calibration method based on millimeter wave radar |
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