CN104360329A - Intensity calibrating method of all-digital array phased-array weather radar - Google Patents
Intensity calibrating method of all-digital array phased-array weather radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN104360329A CN104360329A CN201410647392.0A CN201410647392A CN104360329A CN 104360329 A CN104360329 A CN 104360329A CN 201410647392 A CN201410647392 A CN 201410647392A CN 104360329 A CN104360329 A CN 104360329A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention relates to an intensity calibrating method of all-digital array phased-array weather radar. The intensity calibrating method includes the steps that a radar monitoring terminal controls a correction extension set to send out simulation target signals, and a product terminal calculates an actual pulse pressure gain Gp; the radar monitoring terminal controls the correction extension set to send out a plurality of linear frequency modulation simulation target signals with fixed and sequentially and gradually attenuated echo power values, after the linear frequency modulation simulation target signals are processed by a signal processor, echo signal intensity values and spectrum processing signal intensity values are produced and sent to the product terminal through a network so as to be recorded into an intensity calibrating and testing record list, and an intensity curve yDVIP and a spectrum processing intensity curve yFFT are produced after fitting is conducted on the intensity calibrating and testing record list through the least square method; the product terminal inversely calculates echo power Pr when the radar normally works; the value of the obtained echo power Pr is substituted into an improved radar meteorological equation to obtain the value of a radar reflectivity factor dBZ. By means of the method, the special implementation steps and special testing processes of all-digital array weather radar intensity calibrating are established, and the method is fit for engineering practice and is simple, practical and high in calibrating accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to phased array weather radar technical field, especially a kind of intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar.
Background technology
Detect in the various modes of the earth atmosphere of oneself depending on for existence people, weather radar occupies very consequence, relative to other detection means, weather radar has high spatial and temporal resolution, can promptly and accurately detect diastrous weather, be particularly highly effective observation instrument in the monitoring of Small and Medium Sized diastrous weather and short-time weather forecasting etc.
The China New Generation Weather Radar that China has arranged net at present substantially increases monitoring to diastrous weather and pre-alerting ability, can the information such as quantitative detection rainfall runoff process intensity, radial velocity, speed spectrum width, diastrous weather is become, particularly the very effective instrument in aspect such as mesoscale diastrous weather monitoring and warning with its high-spatial and temporal resolution, remote sensing ability promptly and accurately.But the change due to convection weather phenomenon is very fast, the development time yardstick of convection cell sometimes with regard to a few minutes by tens minutes, especially for strong convection monomers such as storms, a few minutes monomer situation just may change a lot.Current Doppler weather radar need to improve and realizes small scale, and the short change of time remaining is fast and cause the weather phenomenon of larger harm effectively to observe, and its main cause is that the radar detection cycle is long, radar detection temporal resolution is low.
The research of the phased array weather radar that China is relevant at present is still in the starting stage.Due to phased-array radar scanning system and and the method for signal transacting be different from normal radar, traditional weather radar calibrating method is no longer applicable to it, is badly in need of developing the method for carrying out intensity calibration for phased array weather radar.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of intensity calibration method that calibration precision is high, simple and practical, laminating engineering is actual, be easy to the digital array phased array weather radar promoted.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme: a kind of intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar, the method comprises the step of following order:
(1) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends mould order signal, and the calibrated network of mould order signal, digital array module are sent to Product Terminal after signal processor process, and Product Terminal calculates actual pulse pressure benefit G
p;
(2) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends multiple echo power value and fix and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively, generate echo signal intensity value after calibrated network, digital array module to signal processor process respectively and compose processing signals intensity level and be sent to Product Terminal through network, each echo power value and corresponding signal strength values thereof, spectrum processing signals intensity level are recorded as intensity calibration test recording table, and by least square method, this table matching are generated intensity curve y by Product Terminal
dVIPwith spectrum process intensity curve y
fFT;
(3) when radar normally works, radar antenna receives echoed signal, give after digital array module is converted into digital I/Q data through feeder network, send signal processor process, generate echo signal intensity value, spectrum processing signals intensity level to Product Terminal, Product Terminal is according to generation echo signal intensity value and intensity curve y
dVIPinverse goes out echo power P
r, Product Terminal is according to spectrum processing signals intensity level, spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTinverse goes out echo power P
r;
(4) the echo power P will obtained
rvalue substitute into improve radar weather equation in, draw the value of radar reflectivity factor dBZ.
Described actual pulse pressure benefit G
pcomputing formula be: G
p=S
nb-S
nf, wherein, S
nffor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) before pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal before signal processor pulse compression; S
nbfor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) after pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal after signal processor pulse compression and before FFT conversion, before IIR filtering.
Described intensity curve y
dVIPlinear relation be: y
dVIP=a
1*
+ b
1, described spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTlinear relation be: y
fFT=a
2*
+ b
2; The coefficient a of above-mentioned two linear relations is determined according to least square method
1, b
1, a
2and b
2, solution formula is:
Wherein, x
irepresent the multiple echo power values in input intensity calibration test record sheet, y
irepresent the observed strength value corresponding with multiple echo power values of input, n is the number of echo power value.
The radar weather equation of described improvement is:
In formula, λ is radar operation wavelength,
for vertical beam width sweeps correction mutually, P
tfor transmitter exports peak power,
for fire pulse width,
for horizontal beam width,
for normal direction vertical beam width, G
pfor actual pulse pressure is benefited,
for transmitter antenna gain (dBi),
for receiving antenna gain, L
∑for system loss, R is radar range-to-go, L
atfor round trip atmospheric loss.
The described radar monitoring terminal control numerical-control attenuator corrected in extension set sends at least two echo power values and fixes and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively.
As shown from the above technical solution, the present invention is directed to the intensity calibration problem of the digital array phased array weather radar of brand-new system, first actual pulse pressure benefit G
p, then by least square method, measured value matching is generated intensity curve y according to multiple measured value
dVIPwith spectrum process intensity curve y
fFT, last inverse goes out echo power P
rwith radar reflectivity factor dBZ.The present invention is according to Practical Project practical experience, improve traditional radar equation, devise obtain manner and the method for special parameter, and formulated distinctive implementation step, the test process of digital array weather radar intensity calibration, the method laminating engineering actual, simple and practical, be easy to popularization and calibration precision is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) schematic diagram before pulse pressure.
Fig. 1 (b) is signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) schematic diagram after pulse pressure.
Fig. 2 is intensity calibration interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that radar parameter arranges terminal interface schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the circuit system block diagram of the active phased array Weather radar system of digital array.
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of signal processor.
Embodiment
Weather radar is as one of important detection means of modern weather, and the accuracy of result of detection all has great importance for weather forecast, atmospheric research.In order to the detection accuracy weather radar improving radar all must be calibrated, and by the process that engineering means control error between theoretical value that actual echo strength and radar weather equation calculate be exactly the calibration of radar system.
Traditional weather radar calibration process is the signal P of-90dBm to-30dBm with signal source in machine (or machine outer) injecting power
r, be 5 to 200km scope at distance r, the measured value of inspection echo strength.By the error between the actual reflectivity factor that obtains of technical method control signal process and the theoretical echo reflection rate calculated by the radar weather equation that Probert-Jones 1962 provides, radar is calibrated.
When radar beam projects on cloud, precipitation particles, cloud, precipitation particles just produce scattering phenomenon.Wherein a part of scattering wave of rearward scattering comes back to radar antenna place, and on radarscope, demonstrate various image, Here it is so-called radar return.And the intensity of radar return not only depends on the characteristic of each parameter of radar system, and relevant with the character of the cloud be observed, precipitation particles, also relevant with the distance between radar and target being observed and atmospheric condition therebetween.Want to go to infer the physical property with, precipitation particles according to the echo strength measured, the impact of these middle irrelevant factors must be got rid of.Conventional weather radar is the radar weather equation derived in 1961 of Probert-Jones by reference, establishes the corresponding relation between radar echo intensity and meteorological observation target:
Wherein,
for echo power,
for emissive power, h is effective depth of shine, and G is gain,
horizontal beam width,
vertical beam width,
represent wavelength, R observed range, m is complex refractive index.
The data time resolution that digital array phased array weather radar is high and meticulousr spatial resolution, it is also more accurate to precipitation estimation simultaneously, and it can also bear multiple-task compared with conventional radar, such as realizes air route monitoring and follows the trail of.The important directions of the following beyond doubt weather radar development of digital array weather radar, but it is still in the starting stage at the Developing Application in meteorological observation field in China, many problems need further research, the present invention mainly solves the intensity calibration problem of the digital array phased array weather radar of first, China, and the radar weather equation proposed for digital array phased array weather radar Probert-Jones has following correlative to there occurs change:
Beam angle, its beam angle is no longer definite value, but changes to the change of orientation angle along with departing from antenna method;
Radar gain, identical with beam angle, its antenna gain neither be changeless, is also to change along with the angle departing from antenna normal orientation;
The impact of pulse compression, in order to the operating distance improving radar simultaneously ensures again its resolution, phased array weather radar have employed pulse compression technique, and how it proud embodies in radar weather equation if being, also need to consider.
Consider above-mentioned Railway Project, phased array weather radar is as a kind of weather radar of brand-new system, and its calibrating method also needs again to establish.
As shown in Figure 4, the active phased array Weather radar system of digital array, comprise for launching beam, received beam and the signal processor 1 that echo data is processed, signal processor 1 by network respectively with monitor terminal, Product Terminal both-way communication, signal processor 1 is connected with the first high-speed high capacity division multiplex fibre-optic communication wave machine by the first optical fiber, first high-speed high capacity division multiplex fibre-optic communication wave machine is connected with the second high-speed high capacity division multiplex fibre-optic communication wave machine by the second optical fiber, collector ring is set on the second optical fiber, second high-speed high capacity division multiplex fibre-optic communication wave machine respectively with correction extension set 2, digital array module 3 both-way communication, digital array module 3 is connected with aerial array 5 by corrective network 4, frequency source 6 is respectively to digital array module 3, signal processor 1 provides clock signal, the output terminal of servo drive motor respectively with collector ring, aerial array 5 is connected.Data processing terminal is made up of monitor terminal and Product Terminal two parts, complete following major function: radar control, data acquisition, radar data process, product generation, product file and echo, system monitoring, system has the ability of external network service, can realize multi-beam display.
As shown in Figure 4, described corrective network 4 is made up of main feeder 42 and 128 dual directional couplers 41, and main feeder 42 adopts waveguide, and corrective network 4 integrally and between 128 antennas 51 of composition aerial array 5 passes through Flange joint.The beam signal that described aerial array 5 transmits opens the form transmission of the row ripple battle array of rake joist with Narrow Wall of Waveguide limit, aerial array 5 adopts slotted waveguide linear array.When transmitting, pumping signal phase shift, up-conversion, amplification are fed to waveguide battle array input end by digital transmitting-receiving subassembly 31, radiofrequency signal is radiated space and forms required launching beam by slotted waveguide linear array, during reception, slotted waveguide linear array will receive target echo signal feeding digital transmitting-receiving subassembly 31 thereafter, and the digital signal that digital transmitting-receiving subassembly 31 exports is sent into Digital Beam Formation Unit 11 and formed required received beam.Described correction extension set 2 is made up of numerical-control attenuator and correction transmitting-receiving subassembly, both-way communication between numerical-control attenuator and correction transmitting-receiving subassembly, and numerical-control attenuator is connected with corrective network 4, corrects transmitting-receiving subassembly and signal processor 1 both-way communication.
As shown in Figure 5, described signal processor 1 is made up of Digital Beam Formation Unit 11 and Doppler's meteorologic signal processor 12, described Doppler's meteorologic signal processor 12 is by pulse compression unit, FFT converter unit, frequency domain filtering unit, IIR filter unit, DVIP unit and providing data formatting unit composition, Digital Beam Formation Unit 11 and the first optical fiber bidirectional communication, Digital Beam Formation Unit 11 points of two-way export, one tunnel is directly connected with monitor terminal, another road is connected with the input end of pulse compression unit, the output terminal of pulse compression unit respectively with FFT converter unit, the input end of IIR filter unit is connected, FFT converter unit and frequency domain filtering units in series, IIR filter unit and DVIP units in series, frequency domain filtering unit, the output terminal of DVIP unit is all connected with the input end of providing data formatting unit, the output terminal of providing data formatting unit is connected with the input end of Product Terminal.
As shown in Figure 5, first the i/q signal that the digital receiver of DAM is sent carries out DBF digital beam froming, data after DBF divide two-way, one tunnel is that raw data is directly given monitor terminal and stored, and the advanced horizontal pulse compression in another road, carries out two kinds of process respectively to the signal through pulse pressure, the first is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT, time-domain signal is converted to frequency-region signal, spectral filter is carried out to frequency-region signal, then carry out composing the intensity, speed and the spectrum width that process and draw spectrum to spectrum; The second, for directly to carry out IIR filtering to time-domain signal, then carries out the process of DVIP video integration, directly obtains the intensity of signal; The result of these two kinds process gives Product Terminal through providing data formatting through netting twine.
A kind of intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar, comprise: (1) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends mould order signal, the calibrated network of mould order signal, digital array module are sent to Product Terminal after signal processor process, and Product Terminal calculates actual pulse pressure benefit G
p; (2) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends multiple echo power value and fix and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively, generate echo signal intensity value after calibrated network, digital array module to signal processor process respectively and compose processing signals intensity level and be sent to Product Terminal through network, each echo power value and corresponding signal strength values thereof, spectrum processing signals intensity level are recorded as intensity calibration test recording table, and by least square method, this table matching are generated intensity curve y by Product Terminal
dVIPwith spectrum process intensity curve y
fFT; (3) when radar normally works, radar antenna receives echoed signal, give after digital array module is converted into digital I/Q data through feeder network, send signal processor process, generate echo signal intensity value, spectrum processing signals intensity level to Product Terminal, Product Terminal is according to generation echo signal intensity value and intensity curve y
dVIPinverse goes out echo power P
r, Product Terminal is according to spectrum processing signals intensity level, spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTinverse goes out echo power P
r; (4) the echo power P will obtained
rvalue substitute into improve radar weather equation in, draw the value of radar reflectivity factor dBZ.
Described actual pulse pressure benefit G
pcomputing formula be: G
p=S
nb-S
nf, wherein, S
nffor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) before pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal before signal processor pulse compression, as shown in Fig. 1 (a); S
nbfor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) after pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal after signal processor pulse compression and before FFT conversion, before IIR filtering, as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
The described radar monitoring terminal control numerical-control attenuator corrected in extension set sends at least two echo power values and fixes and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively, arranging control correction extension set generation power as by monitor terminal is the linear FM signal of-24.3dBm, as shown in Figure 2, the DVIP measured value of display and spectrum process intensity measurement value record are on the position of the correspondence of intensity calibration test recording table, as shown in table 1:
Changing the output signal power correcting extension set is-34.3dBm, record DVIP measured value and spectrum process intensity measurement value; Repeat actual measurement, until until all parameter values of table 1 have been surveyed.In the corresponding form of data inputting Product Terminal that table 1 is obtained, as shown in Figure 3.
Described intensity curve y
dVIPlinear relation be: y
dVIP=a
1*
+ b
1, described spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTlinear relation be: y
fFT=a
2*
+ b
2; The coefficient a of above-mentioned two linear relations is determined according to least square method
1, b
1, a
2and b
2, solution formula is:
Wherein, x
irepresent the multiple echo power values in input intensity calibration test record sheet, y
irepresent the observed strength value corresponding with multiple echo power values of input, n is the number of echo power value.
The radar weather equation of described improvement is:
In formula, λ is radar operation wavelength,
for vertical beam width sweeps correction mutually, P
tfor transmitter exports peak power,
for fire pulse width,
for horizontal beam width,
for normal direction vertical beam width, G
pfor actual pulse pressure is benefited,
for transmitter antenna gain (dBi),
for receiving antenna gain, L
∑for system loss, R is radar range-to-go, L
atfor round trip atmospheric loss.
Product Terminal can read the DVIP value and FFT value sent into display processor, according to the data of input, can simulate echo power P
rlinear relationship respectively and between DVIP and FFT value, finally, the echo signal intensity that Product Terminal can receive according to antenna obtains the value of reflectivity factor dBZ.
In sum, the present invention is directed to the intensity calibration problem of the digital array phased array weather radar of brand-new system, first actual pulse pressure benefit G
p, then by least square method, measured value matching is generated intensity curve y according to multiple measured value
dVIPwith spectrum process intensity curve y
fFT, last inverse goes out echo power P
rwith radar reflectivity factor dBZ.The present invention is according to Practical Project practical experience, improve traditional radar weather equation, devise obtain manner and the method for special parameter, and formulated distinctive implementation step, the test process of digital array weather radar intensity calibration, the method laminating engineering actual, simple and practical, be easy to popularization and calibration precision is high.
Claims (5)
1. an intensity calibration method for digital array phased array weather radar, is characterized in that, the method comprises the step of following order:
(1) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends mould order signal, and the calibrated network of mould order signal, digital array module are sent to Product Terminal after signal processor process, and Product Terminal calculates actual pulse pressure benefit G
p;
(2) radar monitoring terminal control corrects extension set and sends multiple echo power value and fix and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively, generate echo signal intensity value after calibrated network, digital array module to signal processor process respectively and compose processing signals intensity level and be sent to Product Terminal through network, each echo power value and corresponding signal strength values thereof, spectrum processing signals intensity level are recorded as intensity calibration test recording table, and by least square method, this table matching are generated intensity curve y by Product Terminal
dVIPwith spectrum process intensity curve y
fFT;
(3) when radar normally works, radar antenna receives echoed signal, give after digital array module is converted into digital I/Q data through feeder network, send signal processor process, generate echo signal intensity value, spectrum processing signals intensity level to Product Terminal, Product Terminal is according to generation echo signal intensity value and intensity curve y
dVIPinverse goes out echo power P
r, Product Terminal is according to spectrum processing signals intensity level, spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTinverse goes out echo power P
r;
(4) the echo power P will obtained
rvalue substitute into improve radar weather equation in, draw the value of radar reflectivity factor dBZ.
2. the intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described actual pulse pressure benefit G
pcomputing formula be: G
p=S
nb-S
nf, wherein, S
nffor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) before pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal before signal processor pulse compression; S
nbfor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) after pulse pressure, i.e. the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of digital i/q signal after signal processor pulse compression and before FFT conversion, before IIR filtering.
3. the intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described intensity curve y
dVIPlinear relation be: y
dVIP=a
1*
+ b
1, described spectrum process intensity curve y
fFTlinear relation be: y
fFT=a
2*
+ b
2; The coefficient a of above-mentioned two linear relations is determined according to least square method
1, b
1, a
2and b
2, solution formula is:
Wherein, x
irepresent the multiple echo power values in input intensity calibration test record sheet, y
irepresent the observed strength value corresponding with multiple echo power values of input, n is the number of echo power value.
4. the intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the radar weather equation of described improvement is:
In formula, λ is radar operation wavelength,
for vertical beam width sweeps correction mutually, P
tfor transmitter exports peak power,
for fire pulse width,
for horizontal beam width,
for normal direction vertical beam width, G
pfor actual pulse pressure is benefited,
for transmitter antenna gain (dBi),
for receiving antenna gain, L
∑for system loss, R is radar range-to-go, L
atfor round trip atmospheric loss.
5. the intensity calibration method of digital array phased array weather radar according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described radar monitoring terminal control numerical-control attenuator corrected in extension set sends at least two echo power values and fixes and the linear frequency modulation mould order signal of progressively decaying successively.
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