CN110907705A - Antenna gain measuring method, device, measuring system, computer equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Antenna gain measuring method, device, measuring system, computer equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device, a system, a computer device and a storage medium for measuring antenna gain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of an antenna with gain to be calculated; respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width; correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, wherein the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction; and calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna. The invention has the effect of improving the calculation precision of the antenna gain.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a system, a computer device, and a storage medium for measuring antenna gain.
Background
At present, antennas are widely used in the application fields of base stations, satellite broadcasting stations, satellite television stations, radars and the like of mobile communication as converters for radiating electromagnetic wave energy to space and transmitting wave guided waves, and particularly, the antennas of a satellite communication system are one of important devices, and the quality of the signals transmitted and received by the satellite stations can be directly influenced by the performance of the antennas. The gain of the antenna is important in many characteristic parameters of the antenna, so that it is very useful to accurately and rapidly measure the gain of the antenna of the satellite station to improve the communication quality of the satellite station.
The conventional antenna gain measurement methods mainly include a comparison method, a beam width method, a directional pattern integration method, and the like. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the gain of an antenna of the integrated satellite station is measured by a comparison method, the measurement result is the total gain of the antenna and a tuner, and the gain of the antenna cannot be separated; the error of antenna gain calculated by the directional diagram integral method is larger than that of the beam width method, so that the beam broadband method is mostly adopted; the traditional beam width method is simple, but has the following defects: the beam width is rough to calculate, and the structure loss and the feed source loss of the antenna are difficult to accurately measure, so that the precision of the antenna gain cannot meet the requirements of some high-precision applications, and needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a device, a system, a computer device and a storage medium for measuring antenna gain, and aims to further improve the measurement accuracy of the antenna gain.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring antenna gain, including the steps of:
rotating an antenna to be measured for gain to obtain an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of the antenna;
respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width;
correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, wherein the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction;
and calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
By adopting the technical scheme, the scanning angles of the azimuth direction and the pitching direction of the antenna are obtained, the beam width in the corresponding direction is calculated based on the two scanning angles, the beam width in the azimuth direction is corrected to enable the beam width in the direction to be more accurate, then the initial calculation of the gain is carried out according to the corrected beam widths in the two directions, and finally the antenna gain with further improved precision can be obtained after the loss of the antenna is subtracted from the initial calculation result.
The invention is further configured to: the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle are angles at which the antenna rotates in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction, respectively.
By adopting the technical scheme, the azimuth and the elevation angle for calculating the beam width can be quickly obtained by controlling the rotation of the antenna.
The invention is further configured to: the step of respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the pitch direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the pitch scanning angle comprises the following steps:
acquiring the structural parameters of the antenna and the working wavelength of the antenna;
and calculating the wave speed width in the azimuth direction and the wave speed width in the pitch direction based on the azimuth scanning angle or the pitch scanning angle, the structural parameters and the working wavelength, wherein the wave speed widths comprise 3dB wave beam widths and 10dB wave beam widths in corresponding directions.
By adopting the technical scheme, based on the relevant parameters of the antenna and the azimuth scanning angle or the elevation scanning angle, the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction can be accurately calculated.
The invention is further configured to: the step of correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain a corrected beam width in the azimuth direction includes:
acquiring the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the pitch direction;
and calculating the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction based on the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the elevation direction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beam widths of 3dB and 10dB in the azimuth direction are respectively corrected to obtain more accurate beam widths, so that the calculation precision of the antenna gain can be further improved.
The invention is further configured to: the step of calculating based on the beam width in the elevation direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and obtaining the gain of the antenna by subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result includes:
calculating to obtain a 3dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 3dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 3dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating to obtain a 10dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 10dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 10dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating the loss of the antenna, including the precision error loss of the reflecting surface of the antenna and the insertion loss of a feed source;
and adding the 3dB wave beam width measurement gain and the 10dB wave beam width measurement gain of the antenna, and then subtracting the loss of the antenna to obtain the gain of the antenna.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beam width is corrected, the loss of the antenna is fully considered, and then the gain is calculated, so that the accuracy of antenna gain calculation is improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antenna gain measuring apparatus, including:
the device comprises an acquisition module, a gain measurement module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for rotating an antenna to be measured for gain and acquiring an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of the antenna;
the first calculation module is used for calculating beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle respectively, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width;
the correction module is used for correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, and the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
By adopting the technical scheme, the acquisition module obtains the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, the first calculation module obtains the beam width, the correction module corrects the beam width, and the second calculation module calculates the gain after fully considering the loss of the antenna, so that the calculation accuracy of the antenna gain can be improved.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a system for measuring antenna gain, including a reference antenna subsystem and an antenna subsystem of gain to be measured, where the reference antenna subsystem is used as a measurement reference of the antenna subsystem of gain to be measured, and includes a signal source and a reference antenna; the antenna subsystem of the gain to be measured comprises an antenna, a frequency spectrograph and an upper computer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the antenna subsystem of the gain to be measured is measured by taking the reference antenna subsystem as a reference, and the parameters are acquired by using the frequency spectrograph, and the upper computer is used for controlling and calculating, so that the precision of the antenna gain is further improved.
The invention is further configured to: and the upper computer executes the antenna gain measuring method and acquires the parameters of the antenna from the frequency spectrograph.
By adopting the technical scheme, the upper computer acquires the parameters of the antenna and executes the antenna gain measuring method, so that the parameters for calculating the antenna gain can be conveniently and quickly acquired, and the antenna gain measuring efficiency is improved.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer apparatus comprising: the antenna gain measuring method comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the antenna gain measuring method provided by the invention are realized, and the calculation precision of the antenna gain is improved.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps in the method for measuring antenna gain provided by the present invention, so as to improve the calculation accuracy of the antenna gain.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the method comprises the steps of obtaining scanning angles of the azimuth direction and the elevation direction of an antenna, calculating the beam width in the corresponding direction based on the two scanning angles, correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to enable the beam width in the direction to be more accurate, then carrying out initial calculation of gain according to the corrected beam widths in the two directions, and finally subtracting the loss of the antenna from the initial calculation result to obtain the antenna gain with further improved accuracy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring antenna gain according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna gain measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a measurement system for antenna gain of an on-board satellite station according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring antenna gain according to the present invention, including:
The antenna receives or transmits electromagnetic waves directionally, the gain of the antenna is related to the directivity, and the directivity can be represented by a directional diagram and comprises an azimuth plane (an E plane) and a pitching plane (an H plane), wherein the azimuth plane is parallel to the maximum radiation plane of the antenna, and the pitching plane is perpendicular to the maximum radiation plane of the antenna. The azimuth scanning angle of the antenna is the angle of the antenna rotating along the azimuth plane, the pitching scanning angle is the angle of the antenna rotating along the pitching plane, the two angles can be manually or automatically controlled to rotate, and a detector (such as a frequency spectrograph) is used for rapidly detecting the two angles, so that the acquisition speed of the scanning angle can be improved.
And 102, respectively calculating beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width.
After the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle are obtained in step 101, the beam widths of the antennas are calculated by using different antenna types and a corresponding beam width formula, for example, for a linear antenna array, the corresponding beam widths can be calculated by using the following formula:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the beamwidth to be calculated, the azimuth beamwidth can be recorded as
Elevation beamwidth can be recorded as
(ii) a k is a beam width factor;
is the operating wavelength;
respectively the number of linear antenna array elements and the spacing between the elements,
referred to as the antenna aperture;
and the obtained azimuth scanning angle or the obtained pitching scanning angle is obtained.
For example, when the beam width in the azimuth direction is to be calculated to be 3db, the value of the parameter k is 0.886;
the antenna operating frequency is determined by the antenna operating frequency, which refers to the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the antenna, and each antenna has a certain frequency range, within which the antenna impedance is minimum and the efficiency is highest, and the central optimal point of the range, namely the center frequency, has the minimum power consumption and the strongest signal.
Wherein, the 3dB wave beam width is defined as the included angle of two directions of the radiation power reduction 3dB (decibel) at the two sides of the maximum radiation direction; similarly, the 10dB beamwidth is defined as the angle between the two directions where the radiated power drops by 10dB (decibel) on both sides of the maximum radiated direction.
For a parabolic antenna, the beam width calculation formula is:
Wherein D is the aperture of the paraboloid.
The beam width calculated in step 102 has a certain error, which may be caused by unstable operating frequency of the antenna, structural problems of the antenna itself, or inaccurate scanned angle, and further correction needs to be performed on the obtained azimuth beam width to obtain a more accurate beam width, including 3db beam width and 10db beam width, where the correction formula is as follows:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the corrected azimuth beamwidth, the units are degree, 3dB and 10dB beamwidth can be used respectively
And
and (d) a representation. By correcting the beam width, the accuracy of antenna gain calculation is improved.
And 104, calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
Obtaining the beam width of 3 decibels in the pitching direction according to the steps
And 10dB beam width
Corrected 3db beamwidth in azimuth direction
And 10dB beam width
The 3dB gain of the antenna can be calculated according to the following formula
And 10 decibel gain
：
Then based on the 3dB gain
10 decibel gain
The gain of the antenna can be calculated preliminarily, and the final gain G of the antenna is calculated after the loss of the antenna is subtracted:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the loss of antenna gain caused by the precision error of the main reflecting surface of the antenna,
for the feed insertion loss, both can be obtained by calculation.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: the method comprises the steps of obtaining scanning angles of the azimuth direction and the elevation direction of an antenna, calculating the beam width in the corresponding direction based on the two scanning angles, correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to enable the beam width in the direction to be more accurate, then carrying out initial calculation of gain according to the corrected beam widths in the two directions, and finally subtracting the loss of the antenna from the initial calculation result to obtain the antenna gain with further improved accuracy.
Further, the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle are angles at which the antenna rotates in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction, respectively.
In this embodiment, when the antenna is rotated to obtain the scanning angle in one direction, the other direction of the antenna needs to be fixed and cannot move, for example, when the antenna is rotated in the azimuth direction, the elevation direction needs to be fixed, so as to avoid mutual interference between the two directions; the rotation mode can be manual or automatic control, and then the scanning angle of the antenna can be conveniently and quickly acquired.
Further, the step of respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle includes:
acquiring the structural parameters of the antenna and the working wavelength of the antenna;
and calculating the wave speed width in the azimuth direction and the wave speed width in the pitch direction based on the azimuth scanning angle or the pitch scanning angle, the structural parameters and the working wavelength, wherein the wave speed widths comprise 3dB wave beam widths and 10dB wave beam widths in corresponding directions.
The structural parameters of the antenna comprise the aperture of the antenna, and the aperture of the linear array antenna is the number of the arrays multiplied by the distance between the arrays; the operating wavelength of the antenna is determined by the operating frequency of the antenna, as follows:
Where C represents the speed of light.
The corresponding beam width can then be calculated according to equation (1) or equation (2), including 3db and 10db beamwidths in both directions.
Further, the step of correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain a corrected beam width in the azimuth direction includes:
acquiring the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the pitch direction;
and calculating the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction based on the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the elevation direction.
After the corresponding beam width is calculated by the formula (1) or the formula (2), the beam widths of 3db and 10db in the azimuth direction are corrected respectively to obtain more accurate beam widths, so that the calculation accuracy of the antenna gain can be further improved, and the beam width can be corrected by the formula (3).
Further, the step of calculating based on the beam width in the elevation direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna includes:
calculating to obtain a 3dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 3dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 3dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating to obtain a 10dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 10dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 10dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating the loss of the antenna, including the precision error loss of the reflecting surface of the antenna and the insertion loss of a feed source;
and adding the 3dB wave beam width measurement gain and the 10dB wave beam width measurement gain of the antenna, and then subtracting the loss of the antenna to obtain the gain of the antenna.
In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned accuracy error of the antenna reflecting surface
The difference between the reflection surface manufactured by the antenna processing and the designed reflection surface can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the operating wavelength;
the tolerance for the reflecting surface, i.e., the difference between the design and fabrication of the reflecting surface, can be measured or obtained from technical data of the antenna manufacturer in centimeters (cm).
Above feed source insertion loss
The method comprises the steps of measuring the power gain of an antenna feed source network by a standard gain horn comparison method, and subtracting the power gain from the directional gain of a feed source horn to obtain the power gain; and more complete antenna loss can be obtained by a standard gain horn comparison method, so that the calculation of the antenna gain is more accurate.
Gain is measured to the 3dB beam width of above-mentioned antenna
10dB beam width measurement gain
Decibel is calculated by formula (4) and formula (5), and then the above is calculated
、
、
、
Substituting the formula (6) into the formula (6), and calculating the final antenna gain G; gain measurement by calculating antenna 3dB beam width
10dB beam width measurement gain
Error in the accuracy of the reflecting surface
And measuring the feed insertion loss thereof
The gain of the antenna can be further accurately calculated.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna gain measurement apparatus provided in the present invention, where the apparatus includes:
an obtaining module 201, configured to rotate an antenna to be measured for gain, and obtain an azimuth scanning angle and a pitch scanning angle of the antenna;
the first calculating module 202 is configured to calculate beam widths in an azimuth direction and a pitch direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the pitch scanning angle, where the beam width in each direction includes a 3db beam width and a 10db beam width;
a correcting module 203, configured to correct the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain a corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, including correction of a 3db beam width and a 10db beam width in the azimuth direction;
and a second calculating module 204, configured to calculate based on the beam width in the elevation direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtract the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
The antenna gain measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can implement each step in the method embodiment of fig. 1 and implement corresponding beneficial effects, and is not described herein again to avoid repetition.
With continuing reference to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a system for measuring antenna gain according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system 300 includes a reference antenna subsystem 301 and an antenna subsystem 302 to be measured for gain, where the reference antenna subsystem 301 is used as a measurement reference for the antenna subsystem 302 to be measured for gain, and the reference antenna subsystem 301 includes a signal source 3011 and a reference antenna 3012; the antenna subsystem 302 to be measured with the gain includes an antenna 3021, a frequency spectrograph 3022, and an upper computer 3023; the upper computer 3023 executes the above-described antenna gain measurement method, and acquires parameters of the antenna from the spectrometer 3022.
In this embodiment, before starting measurement, the measurement system 300 needs to be connected according to the system structure shown in fig. 3, so that the beam center of the antenna subsystem 302 to be measured with gain is aligned with the reference antenna subsystem 301, and the antenna 3021 of the antenna subsystem 302 to be measured with gain is adjusted based on the reference antenna 3012 to perform polarization matching; then, the signal source 3011 of the reference antenna subsystem 301 slowly transmits power at the test frequency, and sends electromagnetic waves through the reference antenna 3012 until the signal detected by the spectrometer 3022 of the antenna subsystem 302 to be gained meets the test requirement.
Then, fixing the angle of the pitching direction of the antenna 3021 of the antenna subsystem 302 to be gained, and rotating the antenna 3021 counterclockwise along the azimuth direction (E-plane of the gain pattern) by a certain angle, such as-3 degrees or-8 degrees, away from the center of the beam; next, the antenna 3021 is rotated clockwise to +3 degrees or +8 degrees in the azimuth direction through the beam center, and the antenna 3021 is moved back to the center. Similarly, the angle of the antenna 3021 in the azimuth direction of the antenna subsystem 302 to be measured for gain is fixed, so that the antenna 3021 is rotated downward in the elevation direction (H-plane of the gain pattern) by a certain angle, such as-3 degrees or-8 degrees, from the center of the beam; next, the antenna 3021 is rotated upward to +3 degrees or +8 degrees in the elevation direction through the beam center, and the antenna 3021 is moved back to the center.
In the moving process of the antenna 3021, the frequency spectrometer 3022 continuously detects parameters of the antenna 3021, such as operating frequency, rotation angle, and the like, and continuously uploads the parameters to the upper computer 3023 connected thereto via a serial port or a network port, so that the parameters required for calculating the antenna gain can be conveniently and quickly acquired, and the efficiency of calculating the antenna gain is improved; after acquiring the relevant parameters of the antenna 3021, the upper computer 3023 calculates the gain of the antenna 3021 in real time by performing the antenna gain measurement method, and prints the gain for visual display.
Through the cooperation of the two subsystems 301 and 302 of the antenna gain measurement system 300, more accurate antenna parameters are acquired, and then the optimized antenna gain calculation method is adopted for calculation, so that the measurement precision of the antenna gain is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the computer device 400 includes: a memory 402, a processor 401, and a computer program stored on the memory 402 and executable on the processor 401, wherein:
the processor 401 is configured to call the computer program stored in the memory 402, and execute the following steps:
acquiring an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of an antenna with gain to be calculated;
respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width;
correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, wherein the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction;
and calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
The processor 401 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other data Processing chip in some embodiments.
It should be noted that, since the processor 401 executes the computer program stored in the memory 402 to implement the steps of the antenna gain measuring method, all embodiments of the antenna gain measuring method are applicable to the computer device, and can achieve the same or similar advantages.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium 402, where the computer-readable storage medium 402 stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the antenna gain measurement method described above.
That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the computer program of the computer-readable storage medium is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for measuring the antenna gain are implemented, so that the measurement accuracy of the antenna gain can be improved.
Illustratively, the computer program of the computer-readable storage medium comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, and the like. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like.
It should be noted that, since the computer program of the computer-readable storage medium is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for measuring the accuracy of the antenna gain, all the embodiments of the above-mentioned method for measuring the accuracy of the antenna gain are applicable to the computer-readable storage medium, and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring antenna gain, comprising:
rotating an antenna to be measured for gain to obtain an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of the antenna;
respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width;
correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, wherein the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction;
and calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle are angles at which the antenna rotates in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction, respectively.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the method for respectively calculating the beam widths in the azimuth direction and the pitch direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the pitch scanning angle comprises the following steps:
acquiring the structural parameters of the antenna and the working wavelength of the antenna;
and calculating the wave speed width in the azimuth direction and the wave speed width in the pitch direction based on the azimuth scanning angle or the pitch scanning angle, the structural parameters and the working wavelength, wherein the wave speed widths comprise 3dB wave beam widths and 10dB wave beam widths in corresponding directions.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the method for correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction includes:
acquiring the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the pitch direction;
and calculating the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction based on the beam width in the azimuth direction and the beam width in the elevation direction.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the method for obtaining the gain of the antenna by calculating the beam width based on the pitching direction and the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain a 3dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 3dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 3dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating to obtain a 10dB beam width measurement gain of the antenna based on the 10dB beam width in the pitching direction and the 10dB beam width in the corrected azimuth direction;
calculating the loss of the antenna, including the precision error loss of the reflecting surface of the antenna and the insertion loss of a feed source;
and adding the 3dB wave beam width measurement gain and the 10dB wave beam width measurement gain of the antenna, and then subtracting the loss of the antenna to obtain the gain of the antenna.
6. An antenna gain measuring apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition module, a gain measurement module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for rotating an antenna to be measured for gain and acquiring an azimuth scanning angle and a pitching scanning angle of the antenna;
the first calculation module is used for calculating beam widths in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction according to the azimuth scanning angle and the elevation scanning angle respectively, wherein the beam width in each direction comprises 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width;
the correction module is used for correcting the beam width in the azimuth direction to obtain the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction, and the corrected beam width in the azimuth direction comprises the correction of 3dB beam width and 10dB beam width in the azimuth direction;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating based on the beam width in the pitching direction and the beam width in the corrected azimuth direction to obtain a calculation result, and subtracting the loss of the antenna from the calculation result to obtain the gain of the antenna.
7. A system for measuring antenna gain, comprising: the antenna subsystem comprises a reference antenna subsystem and an antenna subsystem of gain to be measured, wherein the reference antenna subsystem is used as a measurement reference of the antenna subsystem of the gain to be measured and comprises a signal source and a reference antenna; the antenna subsystem of the gain to be measured comprises an antenna, a frequency spectrograph and an upper computer.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein: the upper computer executes any one of the methods of claims 1 to 5 and obtains parameters of the antenna from the spectrometer.
9. A computer device, characterized by: the computer device includes: memory, processor and computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps in the method of measuring antenna gain according to any of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by: the computer readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps in the method of measuring antenna gain according to any of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN115236415A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-25 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Antenna gain acquisition method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115236415B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2024-02-09 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Antenna gain acquisition method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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