CN110907118B - Plane blade grid experimental device with variable installation angle and experimental method - Google Patents
Plane blade grid experimental device with variable installation angle and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110907118B CN110907118B CN201911273846.1A CN201911273846A CN110907118B CN 110907118 B CN110907118 B CN 110907118B CN 201911273846 A CN201911273846 A CN 201911273846A CN 110907118 B CN110907118 B CN 110907118B
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- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a plane cascade experimental device with a variable mounting angle and an experimental method, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises an upper grid plate, a lower grid plate, a fixing column, blades, an upper stepped shaft, a lower stepped shaft and a mounting angle adjusting mechanism; the mounting angle adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting rod, a crank, a mounting angle positioning hole and a positioning bolt; the mounting angle adjusting mechanism is arranged above the upper grid plate; a plurality of mounting angle positioning holes are formed in the upper grid plate; each mounting angle positioning hole is located at the periphery of one corresponding upper stepped hole, and the mounting angle positioning holes are different from each other in arrangement angle relative to the corresponding upper stepped hole. Has the advantages that: the invention realizes the continuous and accurate adjustment of the installation angle, not only reduces the experimental cost of the experimental study of the performance rule of the adjustable guide vane/stationary blade, but also has the advantages of convenient and quick adjustment, time and labor saving, simple operation, high adjustment precision, small leakage loss, wide application range and the like, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plane blade cascade experimental devices, and particularly relates to a plane blade cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle and an experimental method.
Background
The plane cascade wind tunnel is basic experimental equipment for axial-flow type impeller mechanical research, and is widely applied to various links of impeller mechanical pneumatic basic research, such as design of impeller machinery, new blade type development, flow mechanism exploration, new technology verification and the like.
At present, as shown in fig. 1, in order to implement a schematic structure diagram of a plane cascade wind tunnel experimental section, the adopted method is as follows: (1) firstly, designing a plane cascade experimental part according to the size and the periodicity requirement of a cascade wind tunnel experimental section 1, wherein the plane cascade experimental part is composed of a plurality of identical straight blades, an upper grid plate and a lower grid plate, all the blades are fixed between the upper grid plate and the lower grid plate according to the installation angle and the consistency required by the design, and the upper grid plate, the lower grid plate and the blades jointly form a geometrically determined cascade flow channel. (2) Then, loading the designed plane cascade experimental part on a rotatable disc 2 of a cascade wind tunnel experimental section, wherein 3 in the figure 1 represents a cascade arrangement position; (3) the angle of attack of the incoming flow of the blade is adjusted by adjusting the rotatable disc.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the plane blade grid experimental part in the prior art mainly has the following problems: for a plane blade grid test piece, the structure is as follows: and a plurality of identical straight blades are fixedly arranged between the upper grid plate and the lower grid plate according to a certain installation angle and grid distance. Therefore, the blade installation angle of the planar cascade test piece is fixed. Therefore, for a plane blade cascade test piece, only the aerodynamic performance of the blade cascade under a certain installation angle can be measured. Therefore, in order to meet the wind tunnel experiment requirements of different installation angles, a plurality of sets of plane cascade experimental pieces with different installation angles are required to be processed generally, the processing cost of the plane cascade experimental pieces is increased, and in addition, due to the fact that the plane cascade experimental pieces are disassembled for a plurality of times, the wind tunnel test time can be greatly increased, and the wind tunnel test efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plane blade grid experimental device with a variable installation angle and an experimental method, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a plane cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle, which comprises: the device comprises an upper grid plate (4), a lower grid plate (5), a fixing column (6), blades (7), an upper stepped shaft (8), a lower stepped shaft (9) and a mounting angle adjusting mechanism;
the upper grid plate (4) and the lower grid plate (5) are arranged oppositely up and down, and the four corners of the upper grid plate (4) are respectively connected and fixed with the lower grid plate (5) through the fixing columns (6); the upper grid plate (4) is provided with N upper stepped holes (4-1); the lower grid plate (5) is symmetrically provided with N lower stepped holes (5-1); the number of the blades (7) is N, each blade (7) is vertically arranged, the upper stepped shaft (8) matched with the upper stepped hole (4-1) is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper end face of each blade (7), and the lower stepped shaft (9) matched with the lower stepped hole (5-1) is fixedly arranged at the central position of the lower end face of each blade (7); the upper stepped shaft (8) of each blade (7) is rotatably mounted to the corresponding upper stepped hole (4-1); the lower stepped shaft (9) of each blade (7) is rotatably mounted to the corresponding lower stepped hole (5-1) so that the blade assembly of the blade (7), the upper stepped shaft (8) and the lower stepped shaft (9) is rotatable, and the upper end surface of the blade (7) is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper grid plate (4) and the lower end surface of the blade (7) is in contact with the top surface of the lower grid plate (5);
the mounting angle adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting rod (10), a crank (11), a mounting angle positioning hole (12) and a positioning bolt (13); the mounting angle adjusting mechanism is arranged above the upper grid plate (4); a plurality of mounting angle positioning holes (12) are formed in the upper grid plate (4); each mounting angle positioning hole (12) is positioned at the periphery of a corresponding upper stepped hole (4-1), and the arrangement angles of the mounting angle positioning holes (12) relative to the corresponding upper stepped holes (4-1) are different; the cranks (11) are arranged in parallel, and one end of each crank (11) is fixedly connected with the upper stepped shaft (8); the other end of each crank (11) is hinged with the connecting rod (10) through a pin shaft (19); a main body of the crank (11) is provided with a limiting hole (11-1) corresponding to the mounting angle positioning hole (12); under the drive of the connecting rod (10), all the cranks (11) synchronously rotate, and when a limiting hole (11-1) of a specific crank rotates to the position right above the corresponding mounting angle positioning hole (12), the positioning bolt (13) penetrates through the limiting hole (11-1) of the specific crank and is screwed into the mounting angle positioning hole (12), so that the mounting angle of the specific crank is fixed; after the installation angle of the specific crank is fixed, the installation angles of the N blades (7) are all fixed.
Preferably, N is 5; the mounting angle positioning holes (12) are respectively at mounting angles of 0 degree, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 40 degrees relative to the corresponding arrangement angles of the upper stepped holes (4-1).
Preferably, an internal threaded hole (8-1) is formed in the top end of the upper stepped shaft (8); one end of the crank (11) is in threaded connection and fixation with the internal thread hole of the upper stepped shaft (8) through a fixing bolt (14).
Preferably, for N said blades (7), two load cells and N-2 non-load cells are included; two load cells are arranged in the middle of the N said blades (7).
Preferably, the pressure measuring blade has a structure that: the lower end surface of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a groove (7-1); the pressure measuring blade is provided with a plurality of static pressure holes (7-2); each static pressure hole (7-2) is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned in the groove (7-1), then the static pressure holes extend upwards perpendicular to the lower end of the blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to 50% of the height of the blade, the static pressure holes extend in a direction perpendicular to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
Preferably, for two adjacent pressure measuring blades located at the central position, the two adjacent pressure measuring blades are respectively a left pressure measuring blade and a right pressure measuring blade; the static pressure hole (7-2) is arranged on the right blade type curved surface of the left pressure measuring blade; the static pressure holes (7-2) are arranged on the left blade-shaped curved surface of the right pressure measuring blade, and then the flow field distribution at a central flow channel is measured.
Preferably, the device further comprises a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a hollow needle tube (15), a hose (16), a pressure scanning valve (17) and a measuring terminal (18);
the lower stepped shaft (9) fixed at the bottom end of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a pipe hole (9-1); the bottom of the pipe passing hole (9-1) is attached to the bottom end face of the pressure measuring blade;
the hollow needle tube (15) is positioned in the groove (7-1), and the top end of the hollow needle tube (15) is hermetically inserted into the corresponding port of the static pressure hole (7-2); one end of the hose (16) is communicated and fixed with the bottom end of the hollow needle tube (15); the other end of the hose (16) penetrates out of a pipe hole (9-1) of the lower stepped shaft (9) and is connected to a port of the pressure scanning valve (17); the pressure scanning valve (17) is connected with the measuring terminal (18).
The invention also provides an experimental method of the plane blade grid experimental device with the variable installation angle, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, operating the connecting rod (10) to enable the connecting rod (10) to move; when the connecting rod (10) moves, all the cranks (11) are driven to rotate synchronously; observing the rotating position of the first specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole (12) of the first specific crank is a first specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the first specific crank rotates to the state that the first limiting hole of the first specific crank is overlapped with the corresponding first mounting angle positioning hole;
step 2.2, a positioning bolt (13) is screwed into the first mounting angle positioning hole through the first limiting hole to fix the first specific crank and the upper grid plate (4);
after the first specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate (4), the installation angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the installation angles are the first specific installation angles;
step 3, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 2 to perform a wind tunnel experiment under a first specific installation angle;
step 4.1, operating the connecting rod (10) to enable the connecting rod (10) to move; when the connecting rod (10) moves, all the cranks (11) are driven to rotate synchronously; observing the rotating position of the second specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole (12) of the second specific crank is a second specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the second limiting hole of the second specific crank is rotated to coincide with the corresponding second mounting angle positioning hole;
step 4.2, a positioning bolt (13) is screwed into the second mounting angle positioning hole through the second limiting hole to fix the second specific crank and the upper grid plate (4);
after the second specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate (4), the mounting angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the mounting angles are the second specific mounting angles;
and 6, performing wind tunnel experiments under different specific installation angles by analogy.
The plane blade cascade experimental device with the variable installation angle and the experimental method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
the invention realizes the continuous and accurate adjustment of the installation angle, not only reduces the experimental cost of the experimental study of the performance rule of the adjustable guide vane/stationary blade, but also has the advantages of convenient and quick adjustment, time and labor saving, simple operation, high adjustment precision, small leakage loss, wide application range and the like, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plane cascade wind tunnel experimental section provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a planar cascade experimental device with a variable mounting angle provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the assembly of the upper grid plate, the lower grid plate and the fixing posts according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembled relationship diagram of the setting angle adjusting mechanism and the upper stepped shaft provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of an upper grid provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a lower grid provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a vane assembly provided in accordance with the present invention without static apertures;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a bucket assembly provided in accordance with the present invention without static apertures;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a bucket assembly without static apertures according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a bottom view of a bucket assembly without static holes provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a bucket assembly with static vents provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a top view of a vane assembly with static vents provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a bottom view of a vane assembly with static vents provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a static pressure ported blade provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a bottom view of a static-ported blade provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic layout of a static-ported vane according to the present invention;
fig. 19 is a connection relationship diagram of the plane blade cascade experimental device with variable mounting angles provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a plane cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle, which is mainly used for adjusting the installation angle of a cascade in the experimental research of the performance rule of an adjustable guide vane/a fixed vane, and can realize the continuous adjustment function of the installation angle, namely: can realize the continuous accurate regulation of erection angle through a plane cascade experimental apparatus, not only reduce the experimental cost of the performance law experimental study of adjustable stator blade/quiet leaf, still have adjust convenient and fast, labour saving and time saving, easy operation, adjust the precision height, the leakage loss is little, application scope advantage such as wide can effectively solve the problem that proposes in the background art.
The invention provides a plane cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle, which mainly comprises the following innovative researches:
(1) the mounting angle adjusting mechanism is used for realizing the angle adjustment of the blade;
(2) the blade angle adjusting precision is ensured;
(3) when the angle of the blade is adjusted, the blade is locked and fixed in the rotating direction;
(4) when the angle of the blade is adjusted, the blade is sealed at the rotating connection part;
(5) and (4) designing a measuring structure of the pressure measuring blade.
Referring to fig. 2, the variable mounting angle planar cascade experimental apparatus includes: the device comprises an upper grid plate 4, a lower grid plate 5, a fixing column 6, a blade 7, an upper stepped shaft 8, a lower stepped shaft 9 and a mounting angle adjusting mechanism. The following details the components:
assembly mode of blade, upper grid plate and lower grid plate
Referring to fig. 3, the upper grid plate 4 and the lower grid plate 5 are arranged opposite to each other, and the four corners of the upper grid plate 4 are respectively connected and fixed with the lower grid plate 5 through fixing posts 6.
Referring to fig. 5-6, the upper grid plate 4 is provided with N upper stepped holes 4-1; referring to fig. 7-8, the lower grid plate 5 is symmetrically provided with N lower stepped holes 5-1; the number of the blades 7 is N, wherein the number of N is flexibly set according to actual requirements, and the present invention is not limited to this, for example, N is 5.
Referring to fig. 4, each vane 7 is vertically arranged, an upper stepped shaft 8 matched with the upper stepped hole 4-1 is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper end surface of each vane 7, and a lower stepped shaft 9 matched with the lower stepped hole 5-1 is fixedly arranged at the central position of the lower end surface of each vane 7; in practical application, the upper end surface of the blade 7 and the upper stepped shaft 8 can be fixed by welding, and similarly, the lower end surface of the blade 7 and the lower stepped shaft 9 are fixed by welding. The welding fixing mode has the advantages that: ensure that any displacement can not be produced between stepped shaft and the blade, realize fixed fastness. Because the installation angle adjusting mechanism, the upper stepped shaft and the blades are locked in position in the blowing experiment, the force of airflow borne by the blades can react on the whole installation angle adjusting mechanism, and in order to ensure the reliability of the structure, the welding strength of the upper stepped shaft and the blades is ensured during welding; because the lower stepped shaft is not affected by larger torque in the experimental process, the welding strength of the lower stepped shaft does not have too high requirement.
The upper stepped shaft 8 of each blade 7 is rotatably mounted to the corresponding upper stepped hole 4-1; the lower stepped shaft 9 of each blade 7 is rotatably fitted to the corresponding lower stepped hole 5-1 so that the blade assembly of the blade 7, the upper stepped shaft 8 and the lower stepped shaft 9 is rotatable, and the upper end surface of the blade 7 is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper grid 4 and the lower end surface of the blade 7 is in contact with the top surface of the lower grid 5.
The assembling mode of the blades, the upper grid plate and the lower grid plate has the following characteristics:
(1) the upper grid plate 4 and the lower grid plate 5 are used for fixing the blades, so that the geometric periodicity of the flow channel is ensured;
(2) the fixing columns 6 are used for fixing the relative positions of the upper grid plate 4 and the lower grid plate 5, so that the influence on the symmetry of the flow channel due to the deviation caused by the vibration of the wind tunnel in the experimental process is avoided.
(3) The blade is designed to be a two-dimensional profile that achieves specific aerodynamic characteristics.
(4) The blade is for realizing the blade of specific aerodynamic performance, and the step shaft at blade both ends is two little cylinders of equidimension diameter, welds the terminal surface about the blade, and wherein, it has the screw hole to open 8 to go up the step shaft and is used for fixed crank.
(5) The both ends of blade respectively through the shoulder shaft assemble to the shoulder hole of grid tray, when the shoulder shaft is two little cylinders of diameter that vary, the shoulder hole should be the ladder round hole, adopts the cooperation mode of shoulder shaft and shoulder hole, can guarantee that blade pivoted realizes the end wall when sealed, reduces and leaks. In addition, the diameter of the stepped shaft is designed to be smaller, so that the requirement of the high-consistency cascade can be met.
The stepped holes and the stepped shafts at the two ends of the blade can realize stable rotation by controlling manufacturing tolerance and surface roughness.
(6) For the blade grid blowing experiment with different consistencies, the consistence requirement can be realized only by changing the distance of the stepped holes of the grid plate and the length of the connecting rod.
(7) Generally, the adjustable blades are the adjustable guide vanes at the inlet of the compressor and the stator blades of the compressor. For the inlet adjustable guide vane, the flow channel is generally convergent, the airflow makes accelerated flow, the flow is not easy to separate, the flow field periodicity is good, and the consistency (the density degree of the vane) is small, so that generally, a small value, for example, 5 to 6 vanes are selected for N. For the stator blade of the compressor, the flow passage is in an expansion shape, the flow is in a speed reduction and diffusion shape, and the general consistency is larger, so that N is selected to be a larger value, for example, 7-9.
(II) mounting angle adjusting mechanism
The mounting angle adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting rod 10, a crank 11, a mounting angle positioning hole 12 and a positioning bolt 13;
(2.1) mounting angle positioning hole
The mounting angle adjusting mechanism is arranged above the upper grid plate 4; a plurality of mounting angle positioning holes 12 are formed in the upper grid plate 4; each mounting angle positioning hole 12 is positioned at the periphery of one corresponding upper stepped hole 4-1, and the arrangement angles of the mounting angle positioning holes 12 relative to the corresponding upper stepped holes 4-1 are different; as a specific example, referring to fig. 5, there are five upper stepped holes 4-1, which are: e1, E2, E3, E4 and E5, and therefore, the arrangement angles of the respective mounting angle positioning holes 12 with respect to the corresponding upper stepped hole 4-1 are respectively 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 ° and 40 ° mounting angles. Namely: in fig. 5, the 1 st installation angle positioning hole is disposed at an angle of 0 ° with respect to the upper stepped hole E1; the 2 nd installation angle positioning hole is arranged at an angle I1 of 10 degrees relative to the upper stepped hole E2; the 3 rd installation angle positioning hole is arranged at an angle I2 of 20 degrees relative to the upper stepped hole E3; the 4 th installation angle positioning hole is arranged at an angle I3 of 30 degrees relative to the upper stepped hole E4; the 5 th mounting angle positioning hole is arranged at an angle I4 of 40 degrees relative to the upper stepped hole E5.
In practical applications, the mounting angle positioning hole 12 may be a threaded through hole. And the positioning holes of the mounting angles of the upper grid plate ensure the positioning precision through precise machining.
Certainly, to the different demands of erection angle, when processing grid tray, can change erection angle locating hole position to satisfy the required erection angle requirement of experiment.
(2.2) crank-link mechanism
Each crank 11 is arranged in parallel, and one end of each crank 11 is fixedly connected with the upper stepped shaft 8; for example, the top end of the upper stepped shaft 8 is provided with an internal threaded hole 8-1; one end of the crank 11 is fixed to the internal threaded hole of the upper stepped shaft 8 by a fixing bolt 14.
The other end of each crank 11 is hinged with the connecting rod 10 through a pin shaft 19;
a main body of the crank 11 is provided with a limiting hole 11-1 corresponding to the mounting angle positioning hole 12; under the drive of the connecting rod 10, each crank 11 rotates synchronously, when a limiting hole 11-1 of a specific crank rotates to the position right above a corresponding mounting angle positioning hole 12, a positioning bolt 13 penetrates through the limiting hole 11-1 of the specific crank and is screwed into the mounting angle positioning hole 12, and further the mounting angle of the specific crank is fixed; when the installation angle of the specific crank is fixed, the installation angles of the N blades 7 are all fixed.
In the attached figure 2, the crank link mechanism consists of five cranks and a connecting rod, one end of each crank is fixedly connected with the upper stepped shaft of each blade through a set screw, and the other end of each crank is connected with the connecting rod through a pin shaft to realize relative rotation; the crank and the connecting rod form a revolute pair. The crank and the blade transmit torque through the screw, so that the crank and the blade rotate synchronously; by using the structure, all the blades can be ensured to be positioned at the same mounting angle when the connecting rod is rotated.
The locking mechanism realizes the locking function by connecting the crank and the grid plate through the screw. Specifically, the upper grid plate is provided with mounting angle positioning holes corresponding to different mounting angles, a through hole is formed in the middle of the crank, and after the crank rotates in place, a bolt penetrates through the through hole of the crank and is screwed into the corresponding mounting angle positioning hole of the upper grid plate, so that the degree of freedom of the mounting angle adjusting mechanism is 0, and the fixing of the mounting angle can be realized.
Aiming at different working conditions and different external forces on the blades, the diameter of the positioning bolt 13 needs to be changed or the bolt material with higher strength needs to be selected to ensure the structural strength, so that the shearing force borne by the positioning bolt 13 is smaller than the limit bearing shearing force under the conditions of a larger attack angle and a larger Mach number, and the positioning is reliable.
(III) pressure measuring blade and non-pressure measuring blade
For the N blades 7, two pressure measuring blades and N-2 non-pressure measuring blades may be included; two pressure measuring blades are arranged at the middle positions of the N blades 7. That is, for a planar blade cascade experimental device with a variable mounting angle, two types of blades, namely a pressure measuring blade and a non-pressure measuring blade, need to be assembled at the same time. And the pressure measuring blades are assembled in the middle of each blade, and the number of the pressure measuring blades is two.
Referring to fig. 9-12, block diagrams of a bucket assembly without static holes are shown.
Referring to fig. 13-18, a block diagram of a bucket assembly with static holes is shown. The blade with the static pressure holes is the pressure measuring blade. The structure of the pressure measuring blade is as follows: the lower end surface of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a groove 7-1; the pressure measuring blade is provided with a plurality of static pressure holes 7-2; each static pressure hole 7-2 is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned in the groove 7-1, then the static pressure holes upwards extend perpendicular to the lower end of the blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to 50% of the height of the blade, the static pressure holes extend in the direction perpendicular to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
For two adjacent pressure measuring blades positioned at the center, a left pressure measuring blade and a right pressure measuring blade are respectively arranged; static pressure holes 7-2 are arranged on the right blade type curved surface of the left pressure measuring blade; static pressure holes 7-2 are arranged on the left blade type curved surface of the right pressure measuring blade, and then flow field distribution at a central flow channel is measured. In the figure, a left pressure measuring blade is provided with a static pressure hole on a blade basin (concave surface), and a right pressure measuring blade is provided with a static pressure hole on a blade back (convex surface).
As shown in fig. 18, static pressure holes on the surface of the blade are machined at the position of 50% of the blade height of the blade, the static pressure holes are L-shaped in three-dimensional space, one side of each static pressure hole is perpendicular to the blade profile curved surface, and the other side of each static pressure hole is perpendicular to the end surface of the blade.
(IV) measuring device
Also comprises a measuring device; referring to fig. 19, the measuring device includes a hollow needle tube 15, a hose 16, a pressure scanning valve 17, and a measuring terminal 18;
a lower stepped shaft 9 fixed at the bottom end of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a pipe hole 9-1; the bottom of the pipe through hole 9-1 is attached to the bottom end face of the pressure measuring blade; for example, when the bottom end surface of the pressure measuring blade is crescent-shaped, the pipe passing hole 9-1 is correspondingly designed to be crescent-shaped; when the bottom end surface of the pressure measuring blade is in an irregular polygon shape, the pipe passing hole 9-1 is also correspondingly designed to be in an irregular polygon shape. The design purpose of the through pipe hole 9-1 is as follows: 1) the hose connected with the pressure scanning valve can be smoothly led out, so that the measurement is convenient; 2) the shape of the tube hole is fitted with the blade profile, so as to prevent the air flow from leaking outwards through the tube hole. When the pipe holes are too large, holes are formed in the end walls of the blades, so that the main flow channel leaks air out of the grid plate through the large holes. In addition, the through hole is an irregular hole, and if the through hole is a regular round hole, when the diameter of the circle is too large, the main flow field airflow flows out from the edge. 3) The cross-sectional area can be increased while air leakage is reduced, so that more hoses can be led out, more static pressure holes can be formed, more measuring points are provided, and the obtained flow field data is more precise.
The hollow needle tube 15 is positioned in the groove 7-1, and the top end of the hollow needle tube 15 is hermetically inserted into the port of the corresponding static pressure hole 7-2; one end of the hose 16 is communicated and fixed with the bottom end of the hollow needle tube 15; the other end of the hose 16 penetrates out of the pipe hole 9-1 of the lower stepped shaft 9 and is connected to a port of a pressure scanning valve 17; the pressure scanning valve 17 is connected to a measuring terminal 18.
The bottom end surface of the blade is designed into a groove 7-1 along the blade profile curve, so that the hollow needle tube of the connecting hose can be conveniently inserted and fixed. The lower stepped shaft with the through pipe hole is welded on the side, so that the interference between the flow field measurement pipeline and the grid plate when the installation angle is adjusted is effectively reduced. The stepped shaft with the pipe hole is used for leading out the measuring hose without being influenced by large external force, so that the welding strength of the measuring hose does not need to be checked.
Therefore, one side of the hose 16 is connected with the static pressure hole, the other side of the hose is connected with the pressure scanning valve, so that the pressure distribution in the blade grid channel can be accurately recorded in real time, and the other side of the pressure scanning valve is connected with a measuring terminal such as a computer, so that the parameters in the flow field can be fed back in real time.
The invention also provides an experimental method of the plane blade grid experimental device with the variable installation angle, which comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, operating the connecting rod 10 to enable the connecting rod 10 to move; when the connecting rod 10 moves, all the cranks 11 are synchronously driven to rotate; observing the rotating position of the first specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole 12 of the first specific crank is a first specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the first limiting hole of the first specific crank is rotated to coincide with the corresponding first mounting angle positioning hole;
step 2.2, the positioning bolt 13 is screwed into the first mounting angle positioning hole through the first limiting hole to fix the first specific crank and the upper grid plate 4;
after the first specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate 4, the installation angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the installation angles are the first specific installation angles;
step 3, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 2 to perform a wind tunnel experiment under a first specific installation angle;
step 4.1, operating the connecting rod 10 to enable the connecting rod 10 to move; when the connecting rod 10 moves, all the cranks 11 are synchronously driven to rotate; observing the rotating position of the second specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole 12 of the second specific crank is a second specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the second limiting hole of the second specific crank is rotated to coincide with the corresponding second mounting angle positioning hole;
step 4.2, the positioning bolt 13 is screwed into the second mounting angle positioning hole through the second limiting hole to fix the second specific crank and the upper grid plate 4;
after the second specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate 4, the installation angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the installation angles are the second specific installation angles;
and 6, performing wind tunnel experiments under different specific installation angles by analogy.
And finishing the assembly of the experimental device according to the design by the method shown in FIG. 19, and installing the blade cascade to be tested to the wind tunnel experimental section. The pressure scanning valve is connected with the blade to be tested through a hose to be connected with other lines.
The description is given taking 0 ° and 20 ° mounting angles as examples:
adjusting and measuring process of the installation angle of 0 degree:
(1) aligning the 1 st limiting hole (through hole) formed in the 1 st crank at the mounting angle of 0 degrees with the 1 st mounting angle positioning hole (thread-free through hole) at the mounting angle of 0 degrees of the upper grid plate, screwing the positioning bolt 13 into the 1 st mounting angle positioning hole through the 1 st limiting hole, and enabling the planar cascade experimental device to be in a stable state at the moment, wherein the degree of freedom is zero.
(2) Starting the wind tunnel to enable the incoming flow Mach number to reach a numerical value to be measured, and obtaining pressure measuring instrument data when the system is stable; adjusting incoming flows to different Mach numbers, and acquiring data of a pressure measuring instrument when a system is stable; the wind tunnel is closed.
(3) And screwing out the positioning bolt 13 at the positioning hole with the mounting angle of 0 degree.
The 20-degree installation angle adjusting and measuring process comprises the following steps:
(1) and aligning a 3 rd limiting hole (through hole) formed in a 3 rd crank at the 20-degree mounting angle to a 3 rd mounting angle positioning hole (thread-free through hole) at the 20-degree mounting angle of the upper grid plate, screwing the positioning bolt 13 into the 3 rd mounting angle positioning hole through the 3 rd limiting hole, wherein the planar cascade experimental device is in a stable state at the moment, and the degree of freedom is zero.
(2) Starting the wind tunnel to enable the incoming flow Mach number to reach a numerical value to be measured, and obtaining pressure measuring instrument data when the system is stable; adjusting incoming flow to different Mach numbers, and obtaining pressure measuring instrument data when a system is stable; the wind tunnel is closed.
The invention provides a plane cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle, which has the following innovations:
(1) adjustment of variable setting angle
The crank connecting rod mechanism enables the blade cascade installation angle to be stably adjusted.
(2) Precise control of variable setting angles
The mounting angle of the blade cascade can be adjusted through a crank connecting rod mechanism. The positioning holes on the upper grid plate respectively correspond to different installation angles of 0 degree, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees and the like, and the positions of the positioning holes can be controlled to realize the required installation angles during design.
(3) Stepped shaft seal
The stepped shaft neck can reduce the gap of the end wall of the guide vane and effectively reduce the leakage loss.
(4) Mounting angle adjusting mechanism
The upper grid plate is provided with mounting angle positioning holes corresponding to different mounting angles, and is a threaded hole, and a crank is fixed on the grid plate through one bolt, so that the whole mounting angle adjusting mechanism is fixed.
(5) Pressure measuring blade measuring structure
The hose for measuring the static pressure on the surface of the blade can be smoothly led out by slotting the end face of the pressure measuring blade and welding the stepped shaft neck with the through pipe hole, so that the pneumatic parameters on the surface of the blade can be measured.
In summary, the invention provides a planar cascade experimental device with a variable installation angle and an experimental method, which realize continuous and accurate adjustment of the installation angle, reduce the experimental cost of experimental study on the performance rule of the adjustable guide vane/stationary blade, have the advantages of convenient and rapid adjustment, time and labor saving, simple operation, high adjustment precision, small leakage loss, wide application range and the like, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a variable mounting angle's plane cascade experimental apparatus which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an upper grid plate (4), a lower grid plate (5), a fixing column (6), blades (7), an upper stepped shaft (8), a lower stepped shaft (9) and a mounting angle adjusting mechanism;
the upper grid plate (4) and the lower grid plate (5) are arranged oppositely up and down, and the four corners of the upper grid plate (4) are respectively connected and fixed with the lower grid plate (5) through the fixing columns (6); the upper grid plate (4) is provided with N upper stepped holes (4-1); the lower grid plate (5) is symmetrically provided with N lower stepped holes (5-1); the number of the blades (7) is N, each blade (7) is vertically arranged, the upper stepped shaft (8) matched with the upper stepped hole (4-1) is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper end face of each blade (7), and the lower stepped shaft (9) matched with the lower stepped hole (5-1) is fixedly arranged at the central position of the lower end face of each blade (7); the upper stepped shaft (8) of each blade (7) is rotatably mounted to the corresponding upper stepped hole (4-1); the lower stepped shaft (9) of each blade (7) is rotatably mounted to the corresponding lower stepped hole (5-1) so that the blade assembly of the blade (7), the upper stepped shaft (8) and the lower stepped shaft (9) is rotatable, and the upper end surface of the blade (7) is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper grid plate (4) and the lower end surface of the blade (7) is in contact with the top surface of the lower grid plate (5);
the mounting angle adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting rod (10), a crank (11), a mounting angle positioning hole (12) and a positioning bolt (13); the mounting angle adjusting mechanism is arranged above the upper grid plate (4); a plurality of mounting angle positioning holes (12) are formed in the upper grid plate (4); each mounting angle positioning hole (12) is positioned at the periphery of a corresponding upper stepped hole (4-1), and the arrangement angles of the mounting angle positioning holes (12) relative to the corresponding upper stepped holes (4-1) are different; the cranks (11) are arranged in parallel, and one end of each crank (11) is fixedly connected with the upper stepped shaft (8); the other end of each crank (11) is hinged with the connecting rod (10) through a pin shaft (19); a main body of the crank (11) is provided with a limiting hole (11-1) corresponding to the mounting angle positioning hole (12); under the drive of the connecting rod (10), all the cranks (11) synchronously rotate, and when a limiting hole (11-1) of a specific crank rotates to the position right above the corresponding mounting angle positioning hole (12), the positioning bolt (13) penetrates through the limiting hole (11-1) of the specific crank and is screwed into the mounting angle positioning hole (12), so that the mounting angle of the specific crank is fixed; after the installation angle of the specific crank is fixed, the installation angles of the N blades (7) are all fixed;
wherein N is 5; the mounting angle positioning holes (12) are respectively at mounting angles of 0 degree, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 40 degrees relative to the corresponding arrangement angles of the upper stepped holes (4-1).
2. The plane cascade experimental device with the variable mounting angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the upper stepped shaft (8) is provided with an internal threaded hole (8-1); one end of the crank (11) is in threaded connection and fixation with the internal thread hole of the upper stepped shaft (8) through a fixing bolt (14).
3. The variable-stagger-angle planar cascade experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein for N of the blades (7), comprising two load cells and N-2 non-load cells; two load cells are arranged in the middle of the N said blades (7).
4. The variable-mounting-angle planar blade cascade experimental device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the structure of the pressure measuring blade is as follows: the lower end surface of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a groove (7-1); the pressure measuring blade is provided with a plurality of static pressure holes (7-2); each static pressure hole (7-2) is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned in the groove (7-1), then the static pressure holes extend upwards perpendicular to the lower end of the blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to 50% of the height of the blade, the static pressure holes extend in a direction perpendicular to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
5. The variable-mounting-angle planar blade grid experimental device as claimed in claim 4, wherein for two adjacent centrally located pressure blades, there are a left pressure blade and a right pressure blade; the static pressure hole (7-2) is arranged on the right blade type curved surface of the left pressure measuring blade; the static pressure holes (7-2) are arranged on the left blade-shaped curved surface of the right pressure measuring blade, and then the flow field distribution at a central flow channel is measured.
6. The variable stagger planar cascade experimental apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a hollow needle tube (15), a hose (16), a pressure scanning valve (17) and a measuring terminal (18);
the lower stepped shaft (9) fixed at the bottom end of the pressure measuring blade is provided with a pipe hole (9-1); the bottom of the pipe passing hole (9-1) is attached to the bottom end face of the pressure measuring blade;
the hollow needle tube (15) is positioned in the groove (7-1), and the top end of the hollow needle tube (15) is hermetically inserted into the corresponding port of the static pressure hole (7-2); one end of the hose (16) is communicated and fixed with the bottom end of the hollow needle tube (15); the other end of the hose (16) penetrates out of a pipe hole (9-1) of the lower stepped shaft (9) and is connected to a port of the pressure scanning valve (17); the pressure scanning valve (17) is connected with the measuring terminal (18).
7. An experimental method of the variable mounting angle planar cascade experimental apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling each pressure measuring blade and each non-pressure measuring blade between an upper grid plate (4) and a lower grid plate (5); the upper stepped shafts (8) of the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are matched with the upper stepped hole (4-1) of the upper grid plate (4), and the lower stepped shafts (9) of the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are matched with the lower stepped hole (5-1) of the lower grid plate (5), so that air flow leakage of the wall surface end wall is avoided; in addition, the blades are arranged according to the following rules: each pressure measuring blade is positioned in the center of the blades which are arranged in sequence;
step 2, all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are adjusted to a first specific installation angle, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, operating the connecting rod (10) to enable the connecting rod (10) to move; when the connecting rod (10) moves, all the cranks (11) are driven to rotate synchronously; observing the rotating position of the first specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole (12) of the first specific crank is a first specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the first specific crank rotates to the state that the first limiting hole of the first specific crank is overlapped with the corresponding first mounting angle positioning hole;
step 2.2, a positioning bolt (13) is screwed into the first mounting angle positioning hole through the first limiting hole to fix the first specific crank and the upper grid plate (4);
after the first specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate (4), the installation angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the installation angles are the first specific installation angles;
step 3, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 2 to perform a wind tunnel experiment under a first specific installation angle;
step 4, after the wind tunnel experiment under the first specific installation angle is finished, screwing out the positioning bolt (13), and then adjusting all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades to a second specific installation angle, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, operating the connecting rod (10) to enable the connecting rod (10) to move; when the connecting rod (10) moves, all the cranks (11) are driven to rotate synchronously; observing the rotating position of the second specific crank if the arrangement angle of the mounting angle positioning hole (12) of the second specific crank is a second specific mounting angle, and stopping operating the connecting rod when the second limiting hole of the second specific crank is rotated to coincide with the corresponding second mounting angle positioning hole;
step 4.2, a positioning bolt (13) is screwed into the second mounting angle positioning hole through the second limiting hole to fix the second specific crank and the upper grid plate (4);
after the second specific crank is fixed with the upper grid plate (4), the mounting angles of all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades are fixed, and the mounting angles are the second specific mounting angles;
step 5, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 4 to perform a wind tunnel experiment under a second specific installation angle;
and 6, performing wind tunnel experiments under different specific installation angles by analogy.
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| CN111579197B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | 西北工业大学 | Gap-variable plane blade cascade gap adjustment experimental device and method |
| CN111692118A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Novel plane cascade end wall static pressure measuring method considering clearance |
| CN111609991B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2024-05-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Multi-coordinate measuring bracket for measuring surface performance of blade cascade |
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| CN111780940B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-11-30 | 中国民航大学 | Adjustable stator blade motion control experimental device of aeroengine |
| CN112033634B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-08-24 | 重庆大学 | Flow guide device for deflection wind field of wind tunnel test |
| CN112697445B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | Turbine experimental device capable of rapidly replacing test and measuring blade cascade |
| CN112525478B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2024-08-09 | 大连海事大学 | Electric adjustment plane blade grid experimental system |
| CN112985743B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2023-03-24 | 西北工业大学 | Plane cascade experimental device capable of independently adjusting installation angle |
| CN113418716B (en) * | 2021-06-05 | 2024-05-31 | 西北工业大学 | Blade cascade experimental device with adjustable blade top gap |
| CN114183544B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-09-06 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Be used for large-scale environment wind-tunnel high temperature pivot dynamic seal rotation link mechanism subassembly |
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| CN101915130B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-04-03 | 北京理工大学 | Three-dimensional nozzle ring vane of variable geometry turbocharger and design method thereof |
| CN104677638A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Blade tip jet test device |
| CN107091725B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2020-01-17 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Measuring method for improving accuracy of pressure scanning data of wind tunnel pressure measurement test |
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