CN111579197B - Gap-variable plane blade cascade gap adjustment experimental device and method - Google Patents
Gap-variable plane blade cascade gap adjustment experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111579197B CN111579197B CN202010215779.4A CN202010215779A CN111579197B CN 111579197 B CN111579197 B CN 111579197B CN 202010215779 A CN202010215779 A CN 202010215779A CN 111579197 B CN111579197 B CN 111579197B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/003—Measuring of motor parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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Abstract
The invention provides a plane cascade clearance adjusting experimental device with a variable clearance and an experimental method, wherein the device comprises: the upper combined grid plate, the lower grid plate, the positioning column, the blade, the positioning column bolt and the micrometer-like ejector rod are arranged on the upper combined grid plate; the upper combined grid plate comprises a hollow grid plate, a blade top plate, a fixed cover plate and a fixed sleeve; the adjustment of the gap size is realized through the installation and the matching of the top rod of the micrometer and the upper combined grid plate and the matching of the blade top plate and the blade; the high-precision stepless adjustment of the size of the plane cascade gap is realized through a micrometer structure in the similar micrometer ejector rod. Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the high-precision stepless regulation of the gap size of the plane cascade experimental device is realized, and when the influence of different blade top gap sizes on a cascade flow field is researched, a plurality of sets of blade cascades with different gap sizes can be replaced by only one set of blade cascade, so that the processing cost is reduced; in the experimental process, the blade top clearance can be adjusted without disassembling the blade cascade, so that the method is convenient and quick; the adjusting precision is determined by the precision of the ejector rod of the micrometer, the adjusting process is smooth, the adjusting precision is high, and the problems in the background technology can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plane cascade experimental devices, and particularly relates to a variable-gap plane cascade gap adjusting experimental device and method
Background
Compressors/turbines are typically rotary impeller machines used in aircraft engines, gas turbines, and various types of power plants. In order to avoid the potential safety hazard caused by the friction collision between the rotating blade tip and the casing wall surface or between the rotating hub and the stationary vane, a certain radial clearance is usually reserved between the rotating rotor blade tip and the stationary casing wall surface or between the rotating hub end wall and the stationary vane blade tip, so as to form a clearance structure specific to the impeller machine. The existing research shows that under the action of the pressure difference of the pressure surface and the suction surface of the blade, part of airflow in the channel close to the pressure surface is over the blade tip, so that blade tip clearance leakage flow is formed, and great influence is caused on the pneumatic efficiency, the supercharging capacity and the stability margin of the compressor. Researches on aerodynamic performance, instability mechanism and the like of a compressor by blade tip clearances become hot spots in the field of impeller machinery. The size of the tip clearance can greatly influence the development of a complex vortex system structure formed by the leakage flow of the tip clearance, thereby influencing the aerodynamic performance and the stability of the compressor to different degrees. Therefore, taking the plane cascade wind tunnel as a platform to develop experimental research on influence of the flow of the blade top clearance is an important means for deeply knowing the flow mechanism of the blade top clearance and mastering the influence rule of the blade top clearance on the performance of the compressor, and a plane cascade experimental part with the clearance is the key for developing the experimental research.
In the traditional experimental research of the influence of the blade top clearance, a plurality of sets of blade cascade test piece models with different clearance sizes are required to be designed according to experimental purposes, and then different test models are replaced on a blade cascade wind tunnel experiment table to obtain experimental data with different clearance sizes, so that the experimental cost is high (a plurality of sets of models), and longer experimental time (a dismounting model) is consumed.
To address this problem, many scholars and related technicians have proposed different solutions: the method has the defects that different cushion blocks need to be processed for different experimental gap sizes, meanwhile, different cushion blocks need to be replaced among experimental groups, and longer experimental time is consumed; huangkang et al have proposed a kind of plane cascade experimental apparatus that can change the interval of blade top continuously, through installing the linear stepping motor to drive the blade to move along the span direction in the underside of the lower grid plate, change the distance of terminal surface of blade top and lower terminal surface of upper grid plate to change the size of interval of blade top; however, in this method, the stepping motor is installed in the middle of the lower side of the blade cascade, so that it is not easy to lead out the pressure measuring conduit from the bottom end of the blade to be measured with good periodicity in the middle channel of the blade cascade, and the change of the blade top gap size is controlled by the stepping motor in a stepping manner, and is jumping rather than smooth.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plane cascade gap adjusting device with a variable gap and an experimental method, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a variable-gap planar cascade gap adjustment experimental device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an upper (combined) grid plate (1), a lower grid plate (2), a positioning column (3), a positioning column bolt (4), a blade (5) and a micrometer-like ejector rod (6);
the upper (combined) grid plate (1) and the lower grid plate (2) are arranged oppositely up and down, and the four corners of the upper (combined) grid plate (1) are respectively connected and fixed with the lower grid plate through positioning columns;
the upper (combined) grid plate (1) comprises a hollow grid plate (1-1), a blade top plate (1-2), a fixed cover plate (1-3), a fixed cover plate bolt (1-4), a fixed cover plate nut (1-5) and a fixed sleeve (1-6); the lower side of the hollow grid plate (1-1) is provided with N blade-shaped through grooves (1-1-1), two layers of stepped rectangular guide grooves are formed in the hollow grid plate, and the blade top plate (1-2) is arranged in the second layer of guide grooves (1-1-3) of the hollow grid plate;
the number of the blades (5) is N, each blade is vertically arranged, and the blade-shaped groove (1-1-1) penetrates through the hollow grid plate (1-1) and is welded with the lower end face of the blade top plate (1-2), so that the blade top plate (1-2) drives the blade (5) to move in the blade-shaped groove (1-1-1) along the span direction in the second-layer stepped groove (1-1-3) of the hollow grid plate; and the distance between the upper grid plate (1) and the lower grid plate (2) is fixed, and the size of the plane blade grid gap (7) is determined by the distance between the lower grid plate (2) and the lower end surface of the blade (7).
The micrometer-like structure ejector rod (6) is matched with the blade top plate (1-2) in an installing way through the fixing sleeve (1-6); the fixed cover plate (1-3) and the hollow grid plate (1-1) are connected with the fixed cover plate nut (1-5) through the fixed cover plate bolt (1-4); the fixed sleeve (1-6) is welded to the corresponding position on the fixed cover plate (1-3); the micrometer ejector rod (6) is matched with the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the blade top plate (1-2) for installation; the micrometer ejector rod (6) is constrained by the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the blade top plate (1-2) and can only pass through the rotary differential sleeve (6-3); the micrometer screw (6-1) is screwed in or out to drive the blade top plate (1-2) to move along the spanwise direction so as to drive the blade (5) to move along the spanwise direction; the distance between the lower end surface of the blade (5) and the lower grid plate (2) is changed along with the span-wise movement of the blade (5); thereby realizing the adjustment of the plane cascade clearance (7). The locking screw (1-6-1) is installed on the fixing sleeve (1-6) and matched with a nut sleeve (6-2) in the micrometer push rod (6), and the micrometer screw (6-1) in the micrometer push rod (6) is locked through the locking screw (1-6-1); thereby realizing the fixation of the spanwise position of the blade (5); thereby realizing the fixation of the size of the blade top gap (5).
Preferably, the micrometer ejector rod (6) is formed by machining and modifying a finished micrometer (8); the fixed sleeve (1-6) is formed by cutting and processing a finished micrometer frame (8-7) and matching and installing the fixed sleeve with the locking screw (1-6-1); the precision of the gap size is determined by the precision of the micrometer ejector rod (6) and can reach 0.01 mm.
Preferably, two layers of stepped grooves are formed in the hollow grid plate (1-1); the first layer of grooves (1-1-2) starts from the upper end surface of the hollow grid plate, the cross section of each groove is the same as that of the upper end surface of the fixed cover plate (1-3), and the groove depth is the same as the thickness of the thicker part on the right side of the fixed cover plate (1-30); the second layer of grooves (1-1-3) start from the bottom of the first layer of grooves, the section size of the second layer of grooves is the same as that of the lower end face of the blade top plate (1-2), and the groove depth is the same as the sum of the thickness of the right side of the blade top plate (1-2) and the maximum value of the blade top gap (7).
Preferably, the left side part of the blade top plate (1-2) is thicker, two layers of circular stepped grooves are formed, the micrometer-like ejector rod is matched and installed with the blade top plate through being clamped into the stepped grooves, and the micrometer-like ejector rod (6) can only realize the precession and the precession of the micrometer screw (6-1) through rotating the differential sleeve (6-3) without the degree of freedom in other directions in a mode that the second layer of stepped grooves (1-2-2) are not concentric with the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the micrometer-like screw (6-1).
Preferably, for N of said blades (5), 2 load cells and N-2 non-load cells are included; two load cells are arranged in the middle of the N said blades (5).
Preferably, according to the experimental apparatus for adjusting the gap of the variable-gap planar blade cascade of claim 1, a rectangular groove (1-2-3) is formed in the middle of the blade top plate (1-2); the middle of the fixed cover plate is provided with a rectangular groove (1-3-1) for facilitating the leading-out of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9).
Preferably, the blade (5) is provided with a plurality of static pressure holes (5-1); each static pressure hole is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned on the upper end face of each blade, then the static pressure holes vertically extend downwards to the upper end face of each blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to M% of blade heights, the static pressure holes extend to the direction vertical to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
Preferably, the device further comprises a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9), a hose (10), a pressure scanning valve (11) and a measuring terminal (12);
the top end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9) is hermetically inserted into the corresponding port of the static pressure hole (7-1), and the bottom end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube penetrates through the rectangular groove (1-2-3) of the blade top plate and the rectangular groove of the fixed cover plate (1-3-1); one end of the hose (10) is communicated and fixed with the top end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9); the other end of the hose (10) is connected with an interface of the pressure scanning valve (11); the pressure scanning valve (11) is connected with the measuring terminal (12).
The invention also provides an experimental method of the experimental device for adjusting the clearance of the variable-clearance plane blade cascade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, a pressure measuring blade and a non-pressure measuring blade which are welded on a blade top plate (1-2) penetrate through a blade groove (1-1-3) of a hollow grid plate (1-1), so that the blade top plate (1-2)) is installed in a second step groove (1-2-3) of the hollow grid plate; a micrometer-like ejector rod (6) and a fixed sleeve (1-6) welded on a fixed cover plate (1-3) are installed in a matched mode and clamped into a second-layer groove (1-2-2) of a blade top plate; connecting the fixed cover plate (1-3) with the hollow grid plate (1-1) by using a fixed cover plate bolt (1-4); the lower grid plate (2), the installed upper (combined) grid plate (1) and the positioning column (3) are assembled together through a positioning column bolt (4).
And 2, screwing in the differential sleeve (6-3), driving a blade top plate (1-2) to drive the blade (5) to move in the unfolding direction, so that the blade (5) abuts against the upper end surface of the lower grid plate, the scale (6-5) of the ejector rod of the micrometer at the moment is 0, and otherwise, zero setting is required.
And 4, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 3 to perform a wind tunnel test under the first specific gap.
step 5.1, screwing out a differential sleeve (6-3), driving a blade top plate (1-2) to drive a blade (5) to move in the unfolding direction, reading the scale (6-5) of the ejector rod of the micrometer-like ruler, stopping screwing out the differential sleeve (6-3) of the ejector rod (6) of the micrometer-like ruler when the scale is the first specific gap, and screwing down a locking screw (1-6-1); the planar cascade gap is now the first specific gap.
And 6, adopting the plane blade grid experimental device adjusted in the step 5.1 to perform a wind tunnel test under a second specific gap.
And 7, performing wind tunnel tests under different specific gap sizes by analogy.
The experimental device and the experimental method for adjusting the clearance of the variable-clearance plane blade cascade provided by the invention have the following advantages:
the invention realizes the high-precision stepless regulation of the plane cascade clearance, not only reduces the experimental cost of experimental research on the influence of the size of the blade top clearance on the performance of the compressor, but also has the advantages of convenient and quick regulation, time and labor saving, easy operation, high regulation precision, smooth change of the clearance size, easy leading-out of a pressure measuring hollow needle tube and the like, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an orthographic three-axis view of a variable-gap planar cascade gap adjustment experimental apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a variable-clearance planar cascade clearance adjustment experimental apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the assembly relationship of the upper grid plate, the lower grid plate and the positioning posts according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembly relationship diagram of the hollow grid plate, the blade top plate, the blade, the fixed cover plate, the fixed sleeve and the micrometer-like ejector rod provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the assembly relationship of the hollow grid plate, the blade top plate, the blade, the fixed cover plate, the fixed sleeve and the micrometer-like ejector rod provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a hollow cover plate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a blade top plate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a top view of an assembly between a retaining cover and a retaining sleeve provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an elevational view of an assembly between a retaining cover and a retaining sleeve provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the assembly of the upper (combined) grid plate before the micrometer-like jack rod is installed according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of the assembled relationship of the upper (combined) grating plate after the micrometer-like mandril provided by the invention is installed;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 12;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a finished micrometer;
FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a processed micrometer-like ejector pin according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a portion of a finished micrometer frame provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a front view of a non-pressure blade provided by the present invention;
FIG. 20 is an elevational view of the present invention showing the assembled relationship of a pressure sensing blade and a pressure sensing hollow needle cannula;
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along E-E of FIG. 20;
FIG. 22 is a connection diagram of an experimental apparatus for adjusting the blade cascade gap with variable gap according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a gap-variable plane blade cascade gap adjusting experimental device, which is mainly used for adjusting the blade top gap of a plane blade cascade in the experimental research of the influence of the blade top gap on the performance of the plane blade cascade, and can realize the high-precision stepless adjustment of the blade top gap of the plane blade cascade, namely: can realize the high accuracy infinitely variable control in blade top clearance through one set of plane cascade experimental apparatus, not only reduce the experimental cost of the experimental study of blade top clearance size to plane cascade performance influence, have simultaneously and adjust convenient and fast, labour saving and time saving, easily operation, it is high to adjust the precision, and the clearance size changes the level and smooth, easily draws advantages such as pressure measurement hollow needle tube, can effectively solve the problem that proposes in the background art.
The invention provides a plane cascade clearance adjusting experimental device with a variable clearance, which mainly comprises the following innovative researches:
(1) a stepless adjusting mechanism for realizing the adjustment of the blade top clearance;
(2) the combined structure of the upper (combined) grid plate;
(3) the adjustment precision of the blade top clearance is ensured;
(4) when the blade top clearance is adjusted, the blade top clearance is locked and fixed;
(5) and leading out a pressure measuring hollow needle tube for measuring the static pressure of the surface of the blade.
Referring to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for adjusting the gap of a variable-gap planar cascade comprises: the device comprises an upper (combined) grid plate 1, a lower grid plate 2, a positioning column 3, a blade 5, a positioning column bolt 4 and a micrometer-like ejector rod 6. The following details the components:
assembling mode of upper (combined) grid plate and lower grid plate
Referring to fig. 2, an upper grid plate 1 and a lower grid plate 2 are oppositely arranged, and four corners of the upper grid plate are respectively connected and fixed with the lower grid plate through positioning columns 3.
Assembling mode of hollow grid plate, blade top plate, fixed cover plate, sleeve, blade and micrometer-like ejector rod
Referring to fig. 6-7, two layers of stepped rectangular guide grooves are opened in the hollow grid plate 1-1; the bottom of the hollow grid plate is provided with N blade-shaped grooves 1-1-1 for installing blades 5; the first layer of grooves 1-1-2 is used for installing a fixed cover plate, the starting surface is the upper end surface of the hollow grid plate, and the depth of the starting surface is the thickness of the right side of the fixed cover plate; the second layer of grooves 1-1-3 are used for installing the blade top plate 1-2, the depth of the second layer of grooves is the sum of the minimum thickness of the blade top plate and the maximum value of the blade top gap 7 of the adjustable plane blade grid, and in actual operation, the adjustable gap range can be changed by changing the thicknesses of the second layer of stepped grooves 1-1-2 of the hollow grid plate and the blade top plate 1-2.
Referring to fig. 8-9, a raised rectangular platform is arranged on the left side of the blade top plate 1-2, and is used for forming a stepped clamping groove of a micrometer ejector rod; the micrometer-like top rod stepped clamping groove consists of two layers of stepped grooves; referring to fig. 13 and 15, the micrometer screw 6-1 of the micrometer ejector rod 6 is mounted at the bottom of the clamping groove and then slides rightwards to be clamped into the clamping groove; the middle part of the blade top plate 1-2 is provided with a rectangular groove 1-2-3, which aims to facilitate the leading-out of a pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9 for measuring the static pressure on the surface of the blade.
Referring to fig. 10 and 13, a hole is formed in the left side of the fixed cover plate 1-3, and the diameter of the hole is the same as that of the micrometer screw 6-1 of the micrometer-like micrometer ejector rod 6; the fixed sleeve 1-6 is connected with the fixed cover plate 1-3 in a welding mode and is concentric with the hole on the left side of the fixed cover plate.
The blade 5 is welded to the corresponding position on the blade top plate 1-2, the blade with the static pressure hole is positioned at the position of the rectangular groove 1-2-3 of the blade top plate, the blade without the static pressure hole is sequentially welded on the left side and the right side under the condition of ensuring the grid pitch, and the blade top plate 1-2 and the second-layer stepped groove 1-1-3 of the hollow grid plate and the blade 5 and the blade-shaped groove 1-1-1 are simultaneously corresponding in the welding process.
Referring to fig. 12-13, a blade 5 welded on a blade top plate 1-2 is assembled into a hollow grid plate 1-1 through a blade-shaped groove 1-1-3, a micrometer-like ejector rod 6 is assembled into a fixing sleeve 1-6, and it is noted that the fixing sleeve 1-6 keeps a concentric relation with a first layer of groove 1-2-1 of the blade top plate at the moment, and threaded holes at four corners of a fixing cover plate are not aligned with corresponding threaded holes of the hollow grid plate.
Referring to fig. 14-15, a micrometer screw 6-1 on a top rod 6 of a micrometer-like ruler is assembled to the bottom of a second layer of clamping grooves 1-2-2 of a blade top plate and slides rightwards to be clamped into the second layer of clamping grooves 1-2-2 of the blade top plate, a fixed cover plate 1-3 moves rightwards at the same time, note that a fixed sleeve 1-6 keeps a non-concentric relation with the first layer of clamping grooves 1-2-1 of the blade top plate at the moment, and threaded holes at four corners of the fixed cover plate are aligned with corresponding threaded holes of a hollow grid plate; the fixed cover plate 1-3 and the hollow grid plate 1-1 are assembled together through fixed cover plate bolts 1-4.
(III) processing the micrometer ejector rod by using the finished micrometer
Referring to FIGS. 16-17, the finished micrometer 8 is disassembled, and the micrometer frame 8-7, the measuring anvil 8-8, the heat insulation plate 8-9, the locking device 8-5, and only the micrometer screw 8-1, the nut sleeve 8-2, the differential sleeve 8-3, the ratchet 8-4, and the scale 8-6 are removed; the differential sleeve 8-5 is rotated and the scale 8-6 is observed and when the reading is 0, it is processed as follows: cutting the top part of the micrometer screw 8-1 to ensure that the distance between the top part (left end surface) of the micrometer screw 8-1 and the left end surface of the nut sleeve 8-2 is equal to the sum of the thickness of the left side of the cover plate, the depth of the first layer groove 1-2-1 of the blade top plate and the depth of the second layer groove 1-2-2 of the blade top plate. After cutting, turning an annular groove 6-1-1 with the depth of Y at a position which is away from the left end face of the micrometer screw by a distance X, wherein the size of X is the same as the depth of a second layer groove 1-2-2 of the blade top plate, the size of Y is the same as the thickness of a first layer groove 1-2-1 of the blade top plate, and the inner diameter of the annular groove is equal to the distance between the right end of the first layer groove 1-2-1 of the blade top plate and the right end of the second layer groove 1-2-2.
Referring to fig. 17, the micrometer-like ejector pin 7 is obtained after the machining is completed.
(IV) processing and fixing sleeve by using finished product micrometer
Referring to FIG. 18, the tape holder 8-7 removed in (III) is cut along the marked position 8-7-1 to obtain the fixing sleeve.
(V) pressure measuring blade and non-pressure measuring blade
For the N blades 5, two pressure measuring blades and N-2 non-pressure measuring blades may be included; the two pressure measuring blades are arranged in the middle of the N blades and correspond to the rectangular grooves 1-2-3 on the blade top plates. That is, for a variable-gap planar cascade experimental apparatus, two types of blades 5, i.e., a pressure measuring blade and a non-pressure measuring blade, need to be assembled at the same time. And the pressure measuring blades are assembled in the middle positions of the blades 5, so that the pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9 arranged in the pressure measuring hole of each pressure measuring blade can pass through the rectangular grooves 1-2-3 on the blade top plate, and the number of the pressure measuring blades is two.
Referring to FIG. 19, for a vane without static pressure holes
Referring to fig. 20-21, the blade with static pressure holes is a pressure measuring blade. The structure of the pressure measuring blade is as follows: the upper end surface of the blade is provided with a plurality of static pressure holes 5-1; each static pressure hole is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned on the upper end face of each blade, then the static pressure holes vertically extend downwards to the upper end face of each blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to M% of blade heights, the static pressure holes extend towards the direction vertical to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
The setting of M is flexibly set according to the desired measurement position, which the present invention is not limited to, for example, 99.
For two adjacent pressure measuring blades positioned at the center, a left pressure measuring blade and a right pressure measuring blade are respectively arranged; static pressure holes are arranged on the right blade type curved surface of the left pressure measuring blade; static pressure holes are arranged on the left blade type curved surface of the right pressure measuring blade, and then the flow field distribution of a central flow channel is measured. In the figure, a left pressure measuring blade is provided with a static pressure hole on a blade basin (concave surface), and a right pressure measuring blade is provided with a static pressure hole on a blade back (convex surface).
As shown in fig. 14, static pressure holes on the surface of the blade are processed at the position of 99% of the blade height of the blade, the static pressure holes are L-shaped in three-position space, one side of each static pressure hole is perpendicular to the curved surface of the blade profile, and the other side of each static pressure hole is perpendicular to the end surface of the blade.
(IV) measuring device
The device also comprises a measuring device, and referring to fig. 22, the measuring device mainly comprises a pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9, a hose 10, a pressure scanning valve 11 and a measuring terminal 12.
The top end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9 is hermetically inserted into a port of the static pressure hole 5-1 corresponding to the pressure measuring blade, and the other end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube simultaneously penetrates through the rectangular groove 1-2-3 of the blade top plate and the rectangular groove 1-3-1 of the fixed cover plate; one end of the hose 10 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9; the other end of the hose 10 is connected to the interface of the pressure scanning valve 11, the pressure scanning valve 11 and the terminal connection 12.
The pressure measuring hole 5-1 senses inflow pressure at a port on the surface of a pressure measuring blade, pressure information is transmitted into the pressure scanning valve 11 through the pressure measuring hollow needle tube 9 and the hose 10, so that pressure distribution in a blade cascade channel can be accurately recorded in real time, and the other end of the pressure scanning valve is connected with a measuring terminal 12 such as a computer, so that parameters in the flow process can be fed back in real time.
The invention also provides an experimental method of the experimental device for adjusting the clearance of the variable-clearance plane blade cascade, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, welding a blade 5 to a corresponding position on a blade top plate 1-2, wherein the blade with a static pressure hole is positioned at a rectangular groove position in the middle of the blade top plate, and the blade without the static pressure hole is welded on the left side and the right side under the condition of ensuring a grid pitch, and the blade top plate 1-2 and a second-layer stepped groove 1-1-3 of a hollow grid plate and the blade 5 and a blade-shaped groove 1-1-1 are simultaneously corresponding in the welding process; pressure measuring blades and non-pressure measuring blades welded on the blade top plate 1-2 penetrate through the blade-shaped grooves 1-1-1 of the hollow grid plate, and the blade top plate 1-2 and the hollow grid plate 1-1 are installed in a matched mode; a micrometer-like ejector rod 6 penetrates through a fixed sleeve 1-6 welded on a fixed cover plate and is fixedly installed with a blade top plate 1-2; connecting the fixed cover plate 1-3 with the hollow grid plate 1-1 by using a fixed cover plate bolt 1-4; the lower grid plate 2 and the installed upper (combined) grid plate 1 are assembled together by positioning columns.
and 3.1, screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3, driving the micrometer screw 6-1 of the similar micrometer ejector rod to move, simultaneously driving the blade top plate 1-2 to drive the blade 5 to move in the unfolding direction, reading the scale of the similar micrometer ejector rod 6, and stopping screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 when the scale is the first specific gap.
And 3.2, tightening the locking screws 1-6-1, fixing all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades at the moment, and setting the plane cascade gap 7 as a first specific gap at the moment.
And 4, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 3 to perform a wind tunnel test under the first specific gap.
and 6.1, screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3, driving the micrometer screw 6-1 of the ejector rod of the micrometer scale to move, driving the blade top plate 1-2 to drive the blade 5 to move in the unfolding direction, reading the scale of the ejector rod 7 of the micrometer scale, and stopping screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 when the scale is the second specific gap.
And 6.2, tightening the locking screws 1-6-1, fixing all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades at the moment, and setting the plane cascade gap 7 as a second specific gap at the moment.
And 7, adopting the plane cascade experimental device adjusted in the step 6 to perform a wind tunnel test under a second specific gap.
And 8, performing wind tunnel tests under different specific gap sizes by analogy.
And finishing the assembly of the experimental device according to the design according to the method shown in FIG. 21, and installing the blade cascade to be tested to the wind tunnel test section. The pressure scanning valve 11 is connected with the blade to be tested through a hose 10, and other lines are connected.
The description is given taking as example a 1mm and 2mm gap:
1mm gap adjusting and measuring process:
(1) screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 to drive the micrometer screw 6-1 of the micrometer ejector rod to move, simultaneously driving the blade top plate to drive the blade to move along the unfolding direction, reading the scale of the micrometer ejector rod, and stopping screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 when the scale is 1mm in size. And (3) tightening the locking screws 1-6-1, fixing all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades at the moment, setting the gap 7 of the plane blade cascade at 1mm, setting the plane blade cascade experimental device in a stable state and setting the degree of freedom to be zero.
(2) Starting the wind tunnel to enable the incoming flow Mach number to reach a numerical value to be measured, and obtaining pressure data from a measuring terminal when the system is stable; the incoming flow is adjusted to different mach numbers. When the system is stable, acquiring pressure data from the measuring terminal; closing a wind tunnel
(3) And loosening the locking screw.
2mm gap adjustment and measurement process:
(1) screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 to drive the micrometer screw 6-1 of the micrometer ejector rod to move, simultaneously driving the blade top plate to drive the blade to move along the unfolding direction, reading the scale of the micrometer ejector rod, and stopping screwing out the differential sleeve 6-3 when the scale is 2mm in size. And (3) tightening the locking screws 1-6-1, fixing all the pressure measuring blades and the non-pressure measuring blades at the moment, setting the gap 7 of the plane blade cascade to be 2mm, setting the plane blade cascade experimental device to be in a stable state and setting the degree of freedom to be zero.
(2) Starting the wind tunnel to enable the incoming flow Mach number to reach a numerical value to be measured, and obtaining pressure data from a measuring terminal when the system is stable; the incoming flow is adjusted to different mach numbers. When the system is stable, acquiring pressure data from the measuring terminal; closing a wind tunnel
The invention provides a plane cascade clearance adjusting experimental device with a variable clearance, which has the following innovations:
(1) stepless adjustment for realizing blade top clearance adjustment
The blade top clearance can be adjusted in a stepless way by matching the top rod of the micrometer-like ruler with the upper (combined) grid plate
(2) Combination of upper (combination) grid plate:
the traditional plane blade grid is changed into an upper (combined) grid plate by adopting a fixed upper grid plate, and the blade is driven to move by moving the blade top plate in the hollow grid plate, so that the size of the blade top gap is changed.
(3) High precision of blade tip clearance adjustment
The blade top gap is adjusted by using the ejector rod of the micrometer processed by the finished micrometer, so that the high-precision adjustment of the blade top gap is realized
(4) Locking and fixing of blade tip clearance
Through the welding of blade and blade roof, the zero degree of freedom of plane cascade under specific clearance size has been realized jointly to the installation cooperation of blade roof and class micrometer ejector pin and the locking through locking screw locking of class micrometer ejector pin and fixed sleeve.
(5) Leading-out of pressure measuring hollow needle tube for measuring static pressure on surface of blade
Through the mode of opening the rectangular channel on blade roof and the fixed apron for measure the hollow needle tubing of pressure measurement of blade surface static pressure and can draw forth smoothly, thereby make the pneumatic parameter on blade surface can measure.
In summary, the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for adjusting the gap of a variable-gap planar cascade, which not only reduce the experimental cost of experimental research on the influence of the size of the gap of the blade top on the performance of a gas compressor, but also have the advantages of convenient and rapid adjustment, time and labor saving, easy operation, high adjustment precision, smooth change of the size of the gap, easy leading-out of a pressure-measuring hollow needle tube and the like, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation to be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A variable-gap planar cascade gap adjustment experimental device is characterized by comprising: the combined type micrometer positioning device comprises an upper combined grid plate (1), a lower grid plate (2), a positioning column (3), a positioning column bolt (4), a blade (5) and a micrometer-like ejector rod (6);
the upper combined grid plate (1) and the lower grid plate (2) are arranged in an up-down opposite mode, and the four corners of the upper combined grid plate (1) are fixedly connected with the lower grid plate through positioning columns;
the upper combined grid plate (1) comprises a hollow grid plate (1-1), a blade top plate (1-2), a fixed cover plate (1-3), a fixed cover plate bolt (1-4), a fixed cover plate nut (1-5) and a fixed sleeve (1-6); the lower side of the hollow grid plate (1-1) is provided with N blade-shaped through grooves (1-1-1), two layers of stepped rectangular guide grooves are formed in the hollow grid plate, and the blade top plate (1-2) is arranged in the second layer of rectangular guide grooves (1-1-3) of the hollow grid plate;
the number of the blades (5) is N, each blade is vertically arranged, and the blades penetrate through the hollow grid plate (1-1) through the blade-shaped through grooves (1-1-1) and are welded with the lower end face of the blade top plate (1-2), so that the blade top plate (1-2) moves in the second-layer rectangular guide groove (1-1-3) of the hollow grid plate to drive the blades (5) to move in the blade-shaped through grooves (1-1-1) in the spanwise direction; the distance between the upper combined grid plate (1) and the lower grid plate (2) is fixed, and the size of a blade top gap (7) of the planar blade grid is determined by the distance between the lower grid plate (2) and the lower end surface of the blade (5);
the micrometer ejector rod (6) is matched with the blade top plate (1-2) in an installing way through the fixed sleeve (1-6); the fixed cover plate (1-3) and the hollow grid plate (1-1) are connected with the fixed cover plate nut (1-5) through the fixed cover plate bolt (1-4); the fixed sleeve (1-6) is welded to the corresponding position on the fixed cover plate (1-3); the micrometer ejector rod (6) is matched with the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the blade top plate (1-2) for installation; the micrometer ejector rod (6) is constrained by the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the blade top plate (1-2), and the micrometer screw (6-1) can be screwed in or out only by rotating the differential sleeve (6-3) to drive the blade top plate (1-2) to move along the unfolding direction so as to drive the blade (5) to move along the unfolding direction; the distance between the lower end surface of the blade (5) and the lower grid plate (2) is changed along with the span-wise movement of the blade (5); thereby realizing the adjustment of the blade top clearance (7) of the plane blade cascade; the locking screw (1-6-1) is arranged on the fixing sleeve (1-6) and is matched with the nut sleeve (6-2) in the micrometer ejector rod (6), and the micrometer screw (6-1) in the micrometer ejector rod (6) is locked through the locking screw (1-6-1); thereby realizing the fixation of the spanwise position of the blade (5); thereby realizing the fixation of the size of the blade top gap (7) of the plane blade cascade.
2. The experimental device for adjusting the gap of the planar cascade according to the claim 1, wherein the micrometer-like ejector rod (6) is formed by machining and modifying a finished micrometer (8); the fixed sleeve (1-6) is formed by cutting and processing a finished micrometer frame (8-7) and matching and installing the fixed sleeve with the locking screw (1-6-1); the precision of the gap size is determined by the precision of the micrometer ejector rod (6) and can reach 0.01 mm.
3. The experimental device for adjusting the gap of the variable-gap planar cascade vane of claim 1, wherein two layers of stepped rectangular guide grooves are formed in the hollow grid plate (1-1); the first layer of grooves (1-1-2) starts from the upper end surface of the hollow grid plate, the cross section of each groove is the same as that of the upper end surface of the fixed cover plate (1-3), and the groove depth is the same as the thickness of the right part of the fixed cover plate (1-3); the second layer of rectangular guide grooves (1-1-3) start from the bottom of the first layer of grooves, the size of the cross section of each second layer of rectangular guide groove is the same as that of the lower end face of the blade top plate (1-2), and the groove depth is the same as the sum of the thickness of the right side of the blade top plate (1-2) and the maximum value of the blade top gap (7).
4. The experimental device for adjusting the gap of the planar cascade according to claim 1, wherein two layers of circular stepped grooves are formed in the left side of the blade top plate (1-2), the micrometer-like ejector rod is installed in cooperation with the blade top plate through being clamped into the stepped grooves, and the micrometer-like ejector rod (6) can only rotate the differential sleeve (6-3) to realize the precession and the precession of the micrometer-like screw (6-1) without the degree of freedom in other directions through the mode that the second layer of circular stepped grooves (1-2-2) are not concentric with the fixed sleeve (1-6) and the micrometer-like screw (6-1) in the micrometer-like ejector rod.
5. The experimental apparatus for adjusting the gap of a variable gap planar cascade according to claim 1, wherein the N number of blades (5) comprises 2 load cells and N-2 non-load cells; two load cells are arranged in the middle of the N said blades (5).
6. The experimental device for adjusting the gap of the variable-gap planar cascade vane of claim 1, wherein a rectangular groove (1-2-3) is formed in the middle of the top plate (1-2) of the vane; the middle of the fixed cover plate is provided with a rectangular groove (1-3-1) for facilitating the leading-out of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9).
7. The experimental device for adjusting the clearance of the variable-clearance planar cascade vanes according to claim 6, wherein the vanes (5) are provided with a plurality of static pressure holes (5-1); each static pressure hole is L-shaped in three-dimensional space, the bottom end of each static pressure hole is positioned on the upper end face of each blade, then the static pressure holes vertically extend downwards to the upper end face of each blade, and when the static pressure holes extend to M% of blade heights, the static pressure holes extend to the direction vertical to the blade profile curved surface and extend out of the blade profile curved surface.
8. The experimental apparatus for adjusting clearance of a variable-clearance planar cascade vane of claim 7, further comprising a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9), a hose (10), a pressure scanning valve (11) and a measuring terminal (12);
the top end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9) is hermetically inserted into the corresponding port of the static pressure hole (5-1), and the bottom end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube penetrates through the rectangular groove (1-2-3) of the blade top plate and the rectangular groove (1-3-1) of the fixed cover plate; one end of the hose (10) is communicated and fixed with the top end of the pressure measuring hollow needle tube (9); the other end of the hose (10) is connected with an interface of the pressure scanning valve (11); the pressure scanning valve (11) is connected with the measuring terminal (12).
9. An experimental method of the experimental apparatus for adjusting the clearance of the variable-clearance planar cascade vanes of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1, enabling a pressure measuring blade and a non-pressure measuring blade which are welded on a blade top plate (1-2) to penetrate through a blade-shaped through groove (1-1-1) of a hollow grid plate (1-1), and enabling the blade top plate (1-2) to be installed in a second-layer rectangular guide groove (1-1-3) of the hollow grid plate; a micrometer-like ejector rod (6) and a fixed sleeve (1-6) welded on a fixed cover plate (1-3) are installed in a matched mode and clamped into a circular stepped groove (1-2-2) on a second layer of a blade top plate; connecting the fixed cover plate (1-3) with the hollow grid plate (1-1) by using a fixed cover plate bolt (1-4); assembling the lower grid plate (2), the installed upper combined grid plate (1) and the positioning column (3) together through a positioning column bolt (4);
step 2, screwing in a differential sleeve (6-3), driving a blade top plate (1-2) to drive a blade (5) to move in the unfolding direction, enabling the blade (5) to prop against the upper end face of a lower grid plate, wherein the scale (6-5) of the ejector rod of the micrometer is 0, and otherwise, zero setting is needed;
step 3, screwing out a differential sleeve (6-3), driving a blade top plate (1-2) to drive a blade (5) to move in the unfolding direction, reading the scale (6-5) of the ejector rod of the micrometer-like ruler, stopping screwing out the differential sleeve (6-3) of the ejector rod (6) of the micrometer-like ruler when the scale is the first specific gap, and screwing a locking screw (1-6-1); the plane blade grid clearance is a first specific clearance;
step 4, adopting the plane blade cascade gap adjusting experimental device adjusted in the step 3 to perform a wind tunnel test under a first specific gap;
step 5, after the wind tunnel experiment under the first specific clearance is finished, screwing out the locking screw (1-6-1), and then adjusting the size of the blade top clearance (7) to a second specific clearance size, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, screwing out a differential sleeve (6-3), driving a blade top plate (1-2) to drive a blade (5) to move in the unfolding direction, reading the scale (6-5) of the ejector rod of the micrometer-like ruler, stopping screwing out the differential sleeve (6-3) of the ejector rod (6) of the micrometer-like ruler when the scale is the second specific gap, and screwing down a locking screw (1-6-1); the plane blade grid clearance is a second specific clearance;
step 6, adopting the plane blade grid gap adjusting experimental device adjusted in the step 5.1 to perform a wind tunnel test under a second specific gap;
and 7, performing wind tunnel tests under different specific gap sizes by analogy.
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| CN113418716B (en) * | 2021-06-05 | 2024-05-31 | 西北工业大学 | Blade cascade experimental device with adjustable blade top gap |
| CN113654427B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-09-06 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Tool and method for measuring moving and static positions of zero-bearing supported intermediate pressure cylinder during false tile removal |
| CN114486150B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2024-03-19 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Blade top gap adjusting device applied to two-dimensional turbine blade profile plane blade grid |
| CN118687805B (en) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-10-25 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Subsonic plane blade cascade test mechanism with adjustable aspect ratio and axial dense flow ratio |
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