CN110905461A - Method for greatly improving recovery ratio by permanently transforming heterogeneous oil reservoir - Google Patents
Method for greatly improving recovery ratio by permanently transforming heterogeneous oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000710 polymer precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for permanently transforming a non-homogeneous oil reservoir to greatly improve the recovery ratio, and provides a dynamic equilibrium control principle. A 'flooding, regulating and plugging integrated' multi-modification technical system is developed, and is characterized in that an injection system is converted from a complete liquid phase into a liquid phase and a solid phase which coexist, the viscosity of the solution is reduced greatly, and the solution is matched with a changeable oil reservoir in a self-adaptive mode, so that the self-adaptive matching with the complex rock pore is realized. The low-permeability part oil which is not used after the polymer flooding is more difficult to use than the water flooding, so in the process of modifying the heterogeneous oil reservoir, the damage to the low-permeability part must be reduced, the adverse factor is changed into a favorable factor, the polymer which plays a role of displacement is precipitated from the injection liquid and changed into a solid phase to block a large pore passage, and meanwhile, the liquid which is changed to the low-permeability part along with the precipitation of the polymer is like water, so that the damage to the oil reservoir is small. By the measures, the recovery ratio can be theoretically improved by more than 30 percent on the basis of water flooding.
Description
Technical Field
The technology is mainly applied to the technical field of mining from porous media in petroleum development and the like, and is particularly suitable for heterogeneous oil reservoirs.
Background
In any recovery mode, the degree of heterogeneity of the oil reservoir is one of the determining factors affecting the ultimate recovery rate of the oil field, and generally speaking, the more severe the degree of heterogeneity, the lower the recovery rate. At present, the main exploitation mode of oil fields in the world is water flooding, the water flooding recovery rate is generally about 30%, although polymer flooding is successfully applied, the recovery rate increasing range is limited on the basis of water flooding (about 10 percentage points), even after chemical compound flooding, about 50% of residual oil is left underground, and how to economically and effectively exploit the part of oil is of great significance for prolonging the exploitation life of old oil fields.
Liulu and the like are considered to have great influence on water drive recovery efficiency and small influence on polymer flooding through numerical simulation research on influence of permeability coefficient of variation on polymer flooding, and for the condition of average permeability of 1000mD, when the permeability coefficient of variation is reduced from 0.8 to 0.2, the water drive recovery efficiency is improved from 28% to 48% and is improved by about 20%, while the improvement amplitude of the polymer flooding on the basis of the water drive is basically unchanged, although the polymer flooding has the maximum improvement recovery efficiency amplitude when the permeability coefficient of variation is 0.5, the polymer flooding is not the oil reservoir condition with the best final recovery efficiency, if the permeability coefficient of variation can be further reduced by less than 0.2, the total recovery efficiency of the water drive and the polymer flooding can reach the maximum value, and the recovery efficiency is improved from 28% to about 60% when the water drive and has the change amplitude of more than 30%. The Yijing universities believe that as the permeability grade difference increases, the difference between the average recovery ratio of single displacement and the total recovery ratio of parallel displacement increases, and when the permeability is extremely poor and reaches more than 10 times, the recovery ratio decreases from 57.8% to 37.1%, and 20.7% of loss is caused, which indicates that the larger the permeability grade difference is, the larger the yield loss caused by parallel combined production is. Similar conclusions were also drawn by the Weekly Yangyu in the paper "study on the relationship between different permeability level difference combinations and water flooding recovery ratio". Zhang song thinks in the thesis "land phase deposit multilayer heterogeneous oil reservoir polymer flooding layer combination limit research", the permeability grade difference is big more, and the polymer solution that enters people's hypertonic layer is more, and the condition of using of low permeable formation is worse more, and the too big reservoir combination of permeability difference leads to the hyposmosis layer to use poorly, and total recovery ratio is not high, and the polymer flooding effect is not good, and reasonable permeability grade difference value is about 5, can obtain the recovery ratio of higher. Zhang Yuyu et al developed ASP flooding experiments with cores having average permeabilities of 0.3, 0.7, 1.5 and 2.0 Darcy, and considered that the heterogeneity of the cores had a higher effect on the recovery and total recovery of water flooding than ASP flooding, and although the enhanced recovery of ASP flooding increased with the increase of the average permeability and permeability coefficient of variation, the water flooding recovery and total recovery both varied in a consistent manner, increasing with the increase of the average permeability, and increasing with the decrease of the permeability coefficient of variation. The core experiments are highly consistent with the numerical simulation results and mutually authenticated. Although the above experiments all reflect the interlayer problem, the same reasoning holds true for the unbalanced displacement efficiency of the high-permeability part and the low-permeability part in the layer.
Through the combing of core experiments and numerical simulation research results, the heterogeneity of the oil reservoir is a key problem which restricts the great improvement of the recovery ratio, and meanwhile, the problem whether the technology and the economy are feasible or not exists in the large-area oil reservoir treatment. The existing successful polymer flooding technology generally has the defects of large injection amount and high produced concentration, which not only causes the waste of polymers, but also seriously influences the treatment of produced liquid and increases the production cost. Whether a new technology can be developed on the basis of a polymer flooding technology or not, so that the polymer which plays a role of displacement is permanently remained underground, the pores of the rock are gradually reduced, the oil reservoir homogenization and displacement mode is optimized, and a new economic, feasible and greatly-improved recovery method is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve one of the technical problems that: and a dynamic equilibrium control principle is provided, and the permeability limit of the oil reservoir is reduced to the maximum extent. The oil field development mainly aims at oil phase, displacement phase and rock to carry out corresponding work. Aiming at solving the flowing mechanism problem of the oil phase, the reason that the movable residual oil cannot be started is analyzed, the oil in the porous medium can flow by methods of supplying power, increasing temperature and other supplementary energy, and the residual oil adhered to the surface of the rock is separated from the rock by methods of cleaning, bacterial degradation and the like. Aiming at solving the fluidity control problem mainly for the displacement phase, how to ensure the smooth transportation of the flowing crude oil to an oil well needs to control the proper fluidity ratio to form an oil wall. Aiming at the rock aspect, the flow restriction problem is mainly solved, the flow restriction on the rock with dense pores needs to be removed, and the flow restriction on the ineffective circulation of a large pore channel needs to be carried out. Therefore, how to start the residual oil is the key for improving the recovery ratio, most of the residual oil is distributed at the part with poor permeability, and especially, the residual oil is more in the oil deposit with high permeability and great permeability difference. In order to make the residual oil move, the uniform propulsion among layers, in layers and in planes is realized according to the principle of the isoosmotic resistance, so that all parts of the oil reservoir are started simultaneously to extract the movable residual oil. Whether balance control can be achieved or not depends on matching of oil reservoir characteristics and development modes, uniform propulsion in a layer can be achieved for a homogeneous oil reservoir through water drive, and good effects can be achieved for a non-severe heterogeneous oil reservoir and polymers. However, for a severely heterogeneous oil reservoir, no good displacement method exists at present, so that only starting from oil reservoir reconstruction, the heterogeneous degree of the oil reservoir is reduced, dynamic balance control is realized from micro to macro from local to whole, the permeability limit of the oil reservoir is continuously reduced, and crude oil at a low-permeability part is gradually exploited. Along with continuous production of crude oil, the seepage resistance balance is continuously established, broken and reestablished, and the aim of oil reservoir homogenization is fulfilled to the maximum extent. Of course, the balance control can be carried out from well groups and blocks, and the overall best effect can be obtained through accumulative superposition.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: and the polymer flooding is developed into water flooding, so that the damage to the low-permeability oil reservoir part is avoided. For a Daqing oil field with successful polymer application, the time for forming ineffective circulation by water flooding is generally about 20-30 years, while the ineffective circulation is formed when the polymer flooding is injected for less than 10 years, which is related to the development stage, the permeability of an oil reservoir and other factors, but the key point is that water used as a displacing agent and the damage effect of the polymer on the oil reservoir are that the water is small molecules, although the blocking capacity on a large pore passage is small, the damage on low permeability is smaller, the molecular weight of the polymer reaches a million level or even a million level, the effects are just opposite, along with the reduction of the permeability, the change range of the permeability is larger, the level difference of high permeability and low permeability is further enlarged, the polymer which turns to low permeability is forced to flow along the large pore passage again, and the ineffective circulation is realized more quickly. The low-permeability part oil which is not used after the polymer flooding is more difficult to use than the water flooding, so in the process of modifying the heterogeneous oil reservoir, the damage to the low-permeability part must be reduced, the adverse factor is changed into a beneficial factor, the polymer which plays a role of displacement is precipitated from the injection liquid and becomes solid to block a large pore passage, and meanwhile, the liquid which is changed to the low-permeability part along with the precipitation of the polymer is like water, so that the damage to the oil reservoir is small.
The invention aims to solve the third technical problem: and the rock pores are permanently reduced in a large range, and the integral reconstruction of the oil reservoir is realized. The technical key of permanently and extensively reforming the heterogeneous oil reservoir is that the plugging materials can be transported to the deep part of the oil reservoir, and the plugging materials can grow in different pores, have enough strength and are continuously stable. If the polymer is compared to cement in building materials, then river stones and steel bars are necessary to construct a high strength "concrete" for the building. Through the optimization of the formula and the delayed reaction of different components in the system, solid particles are generated at the deep part of the oil reservoir, which is equivalent to river stones, using the granules as cores, agglomerating the polymer to form sea urchin-like colloidal particles, wherein a plurality of colloidal particles are agglomerated to form large granules, the size of the granules depends on the size of pores and the condition of the adjacent low-permeability parts, when starting near the low permeability part, the injection liquid entering the macropores is reduced, even has no injection amount, the injection liquid entering the macropores is continuously separated out along with the prolonging of time, but the proportion of the particle matter is smaller (about 20 percent), the rock pore can not be blocked at one time, after the injected chemical agent completely reacts, the residual low-viscosity liquid flows to the low-permeability part under the action of pressure difference, thus, new injection liquid flows in repeatedly, and the purpose of permanently reducing the rock pores in a wide range is achieved.
The fourth technical problem to be solved by the invention is: a 'driving, adjusting and blocking integrated' multi-change technology system is developed, and adaptive matching with complex rock pores is achieved. The 'displacement, deep adjustment and wide plugging' technology (patent 201810931592.7) is an ideal method and is characterized in that an injection system is converted from a liquid phase to a liquid phase and a solid phase to coexist, the viscosity of the solution is changed from large to small, and the solution can be adaptively matched with variable oil reservoir pores. On the basis of the displacement function of the polymer, the size of the injection agent is gradually increased, the viscosity of an injection system is increased to obtain the profile control effect, but the final purpose is to separate out the polymer from the injection system to form solid particles, permanently narrow a large pore passage and reduce the seepage capacity of the large pore passage. The initial viscosity of the system is equivalent to that of the polymer solution, and the system firstly enters a medium and high permeable layer as the polymer at the initial injection stage to deliver chemical materials to the deep part of an oil reservoir; the middle-term viscosity of the system is far greater than that of the polymer, and the permeability reducing capability is also far greater than that of the polymer, which is the state before the polymer is coagulated and separated out and is an additional effect of the process; solid particles at the later stage of the system adhere precipitated polymers to form colloidal clusters, a large pore passage is reduced, and after the permeability is reduced to a certain degree, subsequent displacement fluid enters a low permeability layer to displace oil of the low permeability layer. It is equivalent to building a 'dam' underground, and the integrity and strength of the dam determine the amplitude of the enhanced recovery ratio. From the results of numerical simulation and core experiment, the heterogeneous degree of the oil reservoir is improved, the recovery ratio of water flooding can be greatly improved, the maximum recovery ratio can be improved by 20 percent, and if the effect of polymer flooding is added, the recovery ratio is improved by more than 30 percent.
Some embodiments of the invention
Selecting heterogeneous rock cores in the layer with the length of 30 cm, the width of 4cm and the height of 5cm, wherein the gas permeability of the three layers is 1000\600\300md respectively, and the total permeability of water after superposition is 300 md. After the 0.2PV 'flooding, adjusting and blocking integrated system' is injected and placed for 7 days, the permeability is reduced by 85.2%, the recovery ratio is improved by 16.58 percentage points compared with the water flooding, and under the same condition, the polymer is only reduced by 38.9%, and the recovery ratio is improved by 13.26 percentage points compared with the water flooding.
Although some understanding is obtained by using the existing core evaluation method, and some flooding, regulating and plugging characteristics of the system are proved, the core is small in volume and short in injection time (1 day), so that the core is suitable for a relatively stable flooding system, and a new system with long change time (several months) and large change amplitude (viscosity change, particle appearance and aggregation) of the injection system cannot reflect the flooding, regulating and plugging characteristics of the injection system in a porous medium, so that the displayed result is either the same liquid flow distribution effect as a polymer or the shunting effect of profile control, and a new evaluation method needs to be developed.
Claims (7)
1. The method for permanently reforming heterogeneous oil reservoir to greatly increase recovery ratio is a new conceptual method and is mainly applied to the technical field of mining from porous media such as petroleum development and the like.
2. The method is characterized in that a multi-variant technical system is injected to realize self-adaptive matching with complex rock pores, the rock pores are permanently reduced in a large range, an oil reservoir is integrally transformed, the damage of low-permeability oil reservoir parts is avoided according to a dynamic equilibrium control principle, and the permeability limit of an oil reservoir is reduced to the maximum extent.
3. The method for greatly improving the recovery efficiency of a nonhomogeneous oil reservoir permanently transformed according to claim 1, wherein the variability of the injection system refers to the change of the composition and phase state of the injection system, the change is from uniform liquid to solid-liquid mixture, the solid particle precipitation is gradually increased along with the time, the viscosity of the liquid state is gradually reduced along with the solid particle precipitation, the injection system can be adaptively matched with the rock pore under the action of pressure difference, the effects of polymer flooding, water flooding and plugging are realized at different places, and the defects of complex technical system, single function and difficult synergy of the effects in the past of adjustment, flooding and plugging are overcome.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic equilibrium control principle reduces the permeability margin of the reservoir, and comprises reducing the permeability of the high-permeability part according to the principle of isoosmotic resistance, starting the adjacent low-permeability part, reducing the rock pore (permeability is reduced) with the generation of solid particles, reducing the viscosity of the solution after polymer precipitation (permeability is increased), and determining whether the original high-permeability part is further adjusted by the change factor of the permeability of the adjacent part, and continuously establishing, breaking and reestablishing the equilibrium of osmotic resistance with the continuous production of crude oil, thereby maximally achieving the objective of reservoir homogenization.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the permanent reduction of rock pore in large scale is used to transform the reservoir as a whole, and polymer is agglomerated around the solid particles to gradually precipitate and adhere to the retained pores, thereby permanently reducing the size of the pores, reducing the heterogeneous degree of the reservoir, realizing the isoosmotic flow resistance driving in the relevant range, and realizing the transformation of the whole reservoir as long as sufficient amount is injected, thereby obtaining the maximum exploitation effect.
6. The method for greatly improving the recovery efficiency of a non-homogeneous oil reservoir permanently reformed according to claim 1, wherein the displacement mode is changed from polymer flooding to water flooding to reduce the damage of the oil reservoir, the polymer is retained in the porous medium through a way of separating out the polymer from the solution after the displacement function is performed, the difficulty of the treatment of the produced liquid is fundamentally solved, the environmental protection pressure is reduced, the optimal technical and economic benefits are obtained, and the low-viscosity solution after the polymer is separated out preferentially enters the adjacent low-permeability part to reduce the damage to the oil reservoir.
7. The foregoing is considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and any modifications, combinations, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
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| CN111734374A (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2020-10-02 | 西南石油大学 | Associative polymer combination oil displacement method for greatly improving heterogeneous oil reservoir recovery ratio |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111734374A (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2020-10-02 | 西南石油大学 | Associative polymer combination oil displacement method for greatly improving heterogeneous oil reservoir recovery ratio |
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