CN110903515A - Solar steam-induced electricity-generating film conversion device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solar steam-induced electricity-generating film conversion device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reusable film conversion device for generating solar steam induced electric energy and a preparation method thereof. Performance tests show that the GO/CE can output different electric energy outwards along with the water evaporation under different illumination and wind speed conditions. When the external wind speed is 4m s‑1When is at 1*kWm‑2Under the light condition of the device, the device can be outward along with the evaporation of waterThe output voltage is as high as 0.3V, and the cycle test shows that the device can be used for at least 5 times under the same condition and the performance is kept unchanged. The photoelectric material conversion device prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low manufacturing cost, short preparation time, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and wide application prospect because water evaporation is everywhere, and environmental energy can be directly collected and converted into electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of nano composite materials, in particular to a solar steam induced electricity generation film conversion device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the modern society, as the population is increasing explosively, fossil fuels are becoming exhausted, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more serious, and solar energy is receiving more and more attention from the society as a clean and renewable energy source, so that a high-efficiency, low-cost and multifunctional energy conversion system is urgently needed. Among them, the conversion of clean and renewable solar energy into electrical energy is a promising approach to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. Therefore, researchers are constantly striving to develop various energy conversion systems that are expected to convert solar energy into electrical energy for their normal use, such as solar cells, solar calculators, etc. In these energy collecting systems, water evaporation induced power generation is a method for solving energy problems and environmental pollution with great application prospects developed in recent years.
At present, the reported electric energy is generated from water evaporation induced materials mainly including carbon nanotubes, single-layer graphene, metal-carbon nanotubes and other nano materials and a macroscopic system assembled by the materials, but the materials have low electricity generation quantity and complex preparation process, and the prepared system is unstable and has poor cycle performance, so that the practical application of the materials is limited to a great extent. Except for the carbon nano tube, the nano materials such as single-layer graphene, metal-carbon nano tube and the like also have excellent performance of generating electric energy induced by water evaporation, but most of the materials are used as conductive materials and applied to a conversion system for generating the electric energy induced by the water evaporation, a great part of electric energy is consumed by the materials in the system, and a considerable part of unnecessary electric energy loss is caused as a result. In addition, there are some reports that inorganic nano materials are assembled into macroscopic bodies, and the macroscopic bodies are used for water evaporation induced electric energy generation, but the preparation process of the macroscopic materials is complex, and only small electric energy can be output externally.
Compared with a carbon nano tube, the prepared film device has stronger light absorption capacity and lower manufacturing cost, the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is treated by mixed acid to obtain the graphene oxide, the surface of the graphene oxide has a large number of hydrophilic functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and the like, and the carboxyl and the carbonyl can be connected with the amino of the cellulose filter membrane by a vacuum filtration method, so that the graphene oxide and the cellulose filter membrane can be stably connected.
Therefore, the method for preparing the photoelectric conversion macroscopic body with high efficiency and low cost by pumping and filtering the prepared graphene oxide on the cellulose filter membrane is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar steam induced electrogenesis membrane conversion device and a preparation method thereof, the method has the characteristics of less used reagents and low price, and the preparation method of the material is simple and easy to realize; the prepared GO/CE film photoelectric conversion device has higher photoelectric conversion performance and excellent chemical stability and flexibility, different electric energy is generated by the photoelectric conversion device under different illumination conditions through water evaporation induction, different electric energy can be output outwards by the photoelectric conversion device under different wind speed conditions, and the system does not need additional energy input, so that the utilization rate of energy is greatly improved.
The method is realized by firstly converting inorganic polymer fibers with the carbon content of 99% into graphene oxide, then adding 20mg of graphene oxide into 5mL of deionized water, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing graphene oxide: converting inorganic polymer fiber with carbon content of 99% into graphene oxide by using mixed acid,
(2) assembling the film conversion device: and (2) taking 20mg of graphene oxide, putting the graphene oxide into a beaker, adding 5mL of deionized water and 0.7g of polyethyleneimine, and then carrying out suction filtration on the graphene oxide solution on a cellulose filter membrane.
The graphene oxide solution is obtained by the following method: adding 4g of inorganic polymer fibers with 99% carbon content into a mixed acid of 120mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 40mL of concentrated nitric acid, then placing the mixture at 90 ℃ for reacting for 8h to obtain a graphene oxide solution, and diluting the graphene oxide solution.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is 35-55: 1, and the mass ratio of the concentrated nitric acid to the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is 5-20: 1.
The mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid in the step (1) is 3-5: 1.
In the step (1), the acid treatment time is 2-11 hours, and the treatment temperature is 80-120 ℃.
The mass ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the graphene oxide in the step (2) is 20-40: 1.
The invention also provides a film photoelectric conversion material prepared by the method.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. according to the invention, graphene oxide is selected to be pumped and filtered in a cellulose filter membrane to serve as a conversion macroscopic system for water evaporation induced electric energy generation, when the graphene oxide is contacted with water, because the surface of the graphene oxide contains rich oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl and carbonyl, hydrogen at the outmost layer of the carboxyl is ionized to generate hydrogen ions, the ionized free hydrogen ions can move directionally, and because the graphene oxide is opposite to-COO-Is far more attractive than water to-COO-Gravitation of (1), so-COO-The solution is fixed on graphene oxide, electric energy is continuously output outwards in the process of directional movement of free hydrogen ions, for example, as shown in fig. 1, and the solution evaporation is evaporation in a natural environment without additional energy input, so that the utilization rate of energy is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
2. According to the invention, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and carbon fiber are selected, the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is converted into graphene oxide under mild conditions by utilizing the strong oxidability of the mixed acid, the cost for preparing the graphene oxide is low, and the preparation process is simple.
3. The graphene oxide is filtered on the cellulose filter membrane by using a vacuum filtration method. Under normal environment, the electric energy which can be induced to be generated by the prepared film photoelectric conversion device along with the evaporation of water can be as high as 0.30V.
4. The method for preparing graphene oxide by using the inorganic polymer fiber with 99% carbon content treated by the mixed acid has the advantages of simple preparation process, short preparation time and easy mass production.
5. The film photoelectric conversion device prepared by the invention has the characteristics of easy portability and flexibility, and the device can convert the energy evaporated by water into electric energy without additional energy input and can continuously output the electric energy outwards.
6. Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 shows a simple flow chart of GO/CE photoelectric conversion system synthesis and a schematic diagram of electricity generation;
fig. 2 shows XRD of graphene oxide and inorganic polymer fiber with carbon content of 99%;
fig. 3 shows an SEM photograph of graphene oxide;
fig. 4 shows an infrared spectrum of graphene oxide and inorganic polymer fibers having a carbon content of 99%;
FIG. 5 shows the device at 1kWm-2The electric energy generated by evaporation induction under the illumination condition is tested circularly;
FIG. 6 shows evaporation induced power generation at different wind speeds;
FIG. 7 shows evaporation induced power generation with and without water;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad application.
The implementation schematic diagram of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the steps of adding inorganic polymer fibers with 99% of carbon content into mixed acid of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, obtaining graphene oxide solution by stirring and heating, and then centrifugally drying the graphene oxide solution. Then, the graphene oxide is prepared into a 4mg/mL graphene oxide solution, and the graphene oxide solution is filtered onto a cellulose filter membrane through vacuum filtration for testing the generation of water evaporation induced electric energy.
Example 1
(1) Preparing graphene oxide: adding 4g of inorganic polymer fibers with 99% carbon content into a mixed acid of 120mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 40mL of concentrated nitric acid, then placing the mixture at 90 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours to obtain a graphene oxide solution, and then diluting the graphene oxide solution and then centrifugally drying.
(2) Preparation of a film conversion device: and (2) putting the graphene oxide into a beaker, adding deionized water and polyethyleneimine to obtain a graphene oxide solution, and carrying out suction filtration on the solution to a cellulose filter membrane by a vacuum filtration method. Respectively carrying out X-ray diffraction and SEM test on the inorganic polymer fibers with the carbon content of 99% before and after mixed acid treatment, wherein the test results are shown in figures 2 and 3, the figure 2 shows the change of the X-ray diffraction peak of the inorganic polymer fibers with the carbon content of 99% after acid treatment, and the figure 2 shows that the diffraction peak of the inorganic polymer fibers with the carbon content of 99% is obviously changed after acid treatment, and the inorganic polymer fibers with the carbon content of 99% are changed into graphene oxide; from fig. 3, it can be seen that the graphene oxide prepared by us is a typical layered structure. FIG. 4 is an infrared spectrum of graphene oxide and an inorganic polymer fiber having a carbon content of 99%, from which it can be seen that the carbon fiber is about 1631cm in comparison with graphene oxide-1And 1251cm-1Two infrared stretching peaks are formed, wherein the peaks are O ═ C-OH and C-O, the stretching peaks completely accord with the stretching peaks, the O ═ C-OH peaks are formed by ionization of hydrogen on hydroxyl groups when water contacts, and the ionized hydrogen ions in free states can move directionally so as to output electric energy outwards. FIG. 5 shows water concentration at 1kWm-2The electrochemical test of the electric energy generated by the evaporation induction under the illumination condition of the device can be seen from the figure, the electric energy generated by the device is about 0.3V at most along with the evaporation of water, and the electric energy is not changed after five times of tests. Fig. 6 shows the electric energy generated by the device under different wind speeds, and fig. 7 shows the electric energy output from the device when water is not present.
Example 2
The same results as shown in FIG. 6 or 7 were obtained by the same preparation method as in example 1 except that the amount of the inorganic polymer fibers having a carbon content of 99% was changed from 4g to 3g or 5g, and the other conditions were not changed.
Example 3
The same results as shown in FIG. 6 or 7 were obtained by following the procedure of example 1 except that the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid was changed from 120mL to 130 mL.
Example 4
The same results as shown in FIG. 7 were obtained by following the procedure of example 2 except that the cellulose filter was replaced with a dust-free paper and the other conditions were not changed.
Example 5
The preparation of example 1 was followed except that the amount of concentrated nitric acid was changed from 40mL to 30-45mL, and the results shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 were obtained.
Example 6
The same results as shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 were obtained by changing the polyethyleneimine to polyvinyl alcohol in the production method of example 2 and keeping the other conditions unchanged.
Example 7
The graphene oxide solution obtained by reacting the mixture in the preparation method of example 1 at 90 ℃ for 8h was adjusted to a state that the mixture was reacted at 120 ℃ for 10h, and the results shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7 were obtained in the same manner without changing other conditions.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended that all modifications and variations which would be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention disclosed herein be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A solar steam-induced electricity-generating film conversion device and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing graphene oxide: converting inorganic polymer fibers with carbon content of 99% into graphene oxide by using mixed acid;
(2) the preparation method of the film conversion device comprises the following steps: preparing the prepared graphene oxide into a 4mg/mL graphene oxide solution, performing vacuum filtration on a cellulose filter membrane to prepare a GO/CE device, placing the GO/CE device in water, and outputting electric energy through water evaporation under the irradiation of sunlight.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic polymer fiber having a carbon content of 99% is a fibrous carbon material; the acid is as follows: concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. The mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is 35-55: 1, and the mass ratio of the concentrated nitric acid to the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of 99% is 5-20: 1.
3. The method for manufacturing a film conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic polymer fiber having a carbon content of 99% in the step (1) is reacted in the mixed acid for 2 to 11 hours at a temperature of 80 to 120 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum filtration in step (2) is replaced by: brushing, drying at normal temperature, etc.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose filter membrane in the step (2) is selected from the group consisting of: dust-free paper, filter paper, mixed cellulose film, and the like.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide solution in the step (2) is 2 to 8 mg/mL.
7. A solar steam-induced electric film-generating conversion device prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. The application of the solar energy steam-induced electricity-generating film conversion device prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, which has high-efficiency photoelectric conversion performance and can directly convert energy generated by water evaporation into electric energy and steam energy under natural conditions.
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Application publication date: 20200324 |