CN110901067A - Coaxial 3D printing extrusion device and space three-dimensional circuit forming method - Google Patents
Coaxial 3D printing extrusion device and space three-dimensional circuit forming method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3425—Printed circuits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing equipment, and particularly discloses a coaxial 3D printing extrusion device and a space three-dimensional circuit forming method, wherein the coaxial 3D printing extrusion device comprises an inner layer extrusion mechanism and an outer layer extrusion mechanism, the inner layer extrusion mechanism comprises an inner layer spray head sleeve, a material storage cavity, a cylinder guide rod and a cylinder, the material storage cavity is communicated with the inner layer spray head sleeve, one end of the cylinder guide rod is connected with the cylinder, and the other end of the cylinder guide rod penetrates through an end cover and is positioned in the inner layer spray head sleeve; outer extrusion mechanism includes outer shower nozzle sleeve, screw rod, feed hopper, ring heater and step motor, and outer shower nozzle sleeve, screw rod and inlayer shower nozzle sleeve are from outer to interior coaxial setting in proper order, and the screw rod links to each other with step motor, and feed hopper sets up on outer shower nozzle sleeve, and the ring heater parcel is in the outer shower nozzle sleeve outside. The device can alternately extrude different types of materials, is particularly suitable for forming a spatial three-dimensional circuit, reduces the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the spatial three-dimensional circuit, and widens the application range of the 3D printing circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing equipment, and particularly relates to a coaxial 3D printing extrusion device and a space three-dimensional circuit forming method.
Background
The circuits of the existing electronic equipment mostly adopt the traditional two-dimensional PCB, namely, various unit devices of the circuits are all distributed on a plane. With rapid development of science and technology, electronic products used in daily life gradually develop towards small-sized integration, the area of a traditional two-dimensional PCB is continuously reduced, but the number of devices on the PCB is increased, so that the circuit tends to be complex, the contradiction between the two is serious, the conduction speed of the circuit is seriously influenced, and the appearance design of electronic equipment is restricted. Therefore, in a limited space, rapid integration of more complex space stereo circuits will be a necessary requirement for future development of electronic circuits.
When the application requirements of more complex electronic circuits are met, the space utilization rate of the circuit board can be improved by the space stereo circuit (namely, a three-dimensional circuit and a 3D circuit) relative to a two-dimensional circuit. The three-dimensional circuit can be designed into multiple layers, and the paths are arranged among the layers to communicate with the circuits of all the layers, so that the wiring area is greatly increased. The circuit board with the space complex three-dimensional circuit improves the packaging density and the circuit working speed, and creates the possibility for realizing a novel multifunctional device and a circuit system. The method has wide application prospect in intelligent wearable electronic equipment, dynamic sensors, flexible electronic components and the like in the future.
The traditional two-dimensional PCB manufacturing method is continuously improved along with the progress of modern manufacturing process technology, but in principle, the method does not change substrate preparation, circuit board cutting, copper-clad plate treatment, circuit board transfer printing, corrosion, drilling, pretreatment, welding and the like, and the method can be applied to conduction after a series of complex processes. The whole manufacturing and production process is complex and tedious, the manufacturing of a circuit board with multiple wiring, high complexity and high precision is difficult to meet, and the chemical reagent and heavy metal waste liquid after etching have serious pollution to the environment. Nowadays, the emerging 3D printing technology is based on a digital model, and based on the principle of layer-by-layer stacking, high-precision and rapid forming of various materials can be realized through different printing devices, and it has become one of the trends to manufacture a spatial three-dimensional circuit with high wiring complexity by adopting the 3D printing technology.
Based on the existing 3D printing devices and technologies, there have been some proposals for the formation of spatial stereo circuits. For example, patent CN106817846A proposes a liquid metal three-dimensional circuit based on 3D printing process and a manufacturing method thereof, specifically, a three-dimensional entity with a hollow flow channel is printed by the 3D printing process, and then the hollow flow channel of the entity is filled with liquid metal, although this method can form a spatial three-dimensional circuit, in the later casting process, the too thin part of the flow channel may not flow in due to the existence of surface tension of the metal liquid, so that the whole three-dimensional circuit cannot be connected and conductive; patent CN109774132A proposes a method for manufacturing a circuit board based on a photocuring 3D printing technology, comprising the following steps: (1) designing a substrate model and a circuit pattern of the circuit board; (2) setting printing parameters of the matrix model, and slicing the matrix model; (3) blending the functional light-cured resin; (4) printing a circuit board matrix by using a photocuring 3D printer; (5) activating the surface of the matrix by laser to form an activation layer attached with a chemical plating catalyst; (6) carrying out chemical plating on the circuit board substrate; (7) electronic components are installed at corresponding positions of a circuit board substrate, however, the method can be applied to three-dimensional circuit manufacturing, but only the circuits which are arranged in a complicated way are formed on the XY surface, the circuits which are distributed in a complicated way in the Z-axis three-dimensional direction (or can be called as 2.5D circuits) cannot be formed really, meanwhile, the post-treatment is complicated, the range of selectable materials is narrow, the cost is high, and the characteristic of integrated forming of a 3D printing technology cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a coaxial 3D printing extrusion device and a space three-dimensional circuit forming method, and aims to enable the device to alternately extrude different types of materials by arranging an outer layer extrusion mechanism and an inner layer extrusion mechanism which are coaxially in clearance fit, so that the device is particularly suitable for forming a three-dimensional circuit with a space complex circuit arrangement trend, the manufacturing period is shortened, the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty are reduced, and the application range of the 3D printing circuit is expanded.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coaxial 3D printing extrusion apparatus including an inner layer extrusion mechanism and an outer layer extrusion mechanism, wherein:
the inner-layer extrusion mechanism comprises an inner-layer nozzle sleeve, a material storage cavity, an air cylinder guide rod and an air cylinder, wherein an end cover is arranged at the upper end of the inner-layer nozzle sleeve, and an air inlet pipe is arranged on the end cover; the material storage cavity is communicated with the inner layer spray head sleeve; one end of the cylinder guide rod is connected with the cylinder, and the other end of the cylinder guide rod penetrates through the end cover and is positioned in the inner-layer spray head sleeve;
the outer layer extrusion mechanism comprises an outer layer spray head sleeve, a screw rod, a feeding funnel, an annular heater and a stepping motor, wherein the outer layer spray head sleeve, the screw rod and the inner layer spray head sleeve are coaxially arranged from outside to inside in sequence; the screw rod with step motor links to each other, feed hopper sets up on the outer shower nozzle sleeve, the annular heater parcel is in the outer shower nozzle sleeve outside.
As a further preferred option, the outer layer extrusion mechanism further comprises a guide plate, and the guide plate is sleeved outside the inner layer spray head sleeve and arranged at the lower end of the screw rod.
Preferably, the screw is an equidistance gradual-change screw which is divided into a feeding section, a compression section and a metering section from top to bottom, the depth of the screw groove of the feeding section is 3 mm-4 mm, and the depth of the screw groove of the metering section is 1 mm-2 mm.
As a further preferred option, a filter screen is arranged in the storage cavity.
More preferably, the lower end of the inner-layer nozzle sleeve is provided with an inner-layer nozzle, and the diameter of the inner-layer nozzle is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm; the lower end of the outer-layer nozzle sleeve is provided with an outer-layer nozzle, and the diameter of the outer-layer nozzle is 0.2 mm-0.4 mm.
Preferably, the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle are both brass nozzles.
Preferably, the extrusion device further comprises a fan base and a heat dissipation fan fixed on the fan base, wherein the fan base is fixed on the inner layer spray head sleeve.
According to another aspect of the invention, a coaxial 3D printing extrusion method is provided, which is implemented by the apparatus described above, and includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a space three-dimensional circuit model to be formed through three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the space three-dimensional circuit model comprises a circuit part and an insulating part, and the space three-dimensional circuit model is sliced layer by layer and is preset into a forming track;
s2, forming the circuit part through the inner layer extrusion mechanism and the insulation part through the outer layer extrusion mechanism according to the preset forming track, and completing the forming of the space three-dimensional circuit.
More preferably, when the inner layer extrusion mechanism forms the circuit portion: the screw does not rotate, the cylinder guide rod is lifted, gas is introduced into the inner-layer spray head sleeve for pressurization, and the conductive material is melted in the material storage cavity, enters the inner-layer spray head sleeve and is extruded out of the inner-layer nozzle under the action of pressure; when the outer layer extrusion mechanism forms the insulating part: the cylinder guide rod descends to block the inner-layer nozzle, the screw rod rotates, the insulating material enters between the outer-layer nozzle sleeve and the screw rod through the feeding hopper, and is melted under the combined action of the annular heater and the screw rod and extruded from the outer-layer nozzle.
More preferably, the layer thickness is 0.1mm to 0.2mm in the case of layer slicing, the molding speed is 50mm/s to 100mm/s, and the packing density is 60% to 100%.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the outer layer extrusion mechanism and the inner layer extrusion mechanism which are coaxially in clearance fit are arranged, so that the device can alternately extrude different types of materials, is particularly suitable for forming a three-dimensional circuit with a space complex circuit arrangement trend, expands the application range of a 3D printing circuit, and provides a new idea for designing intelligent wearable electronic equipment, dynamic sensors, flexible electronic components and the like.
2. The invention prints the circuit part while printing the insulating base layer by layer, the conductive circuit can be distributed in the space structure of the insulating base at will, so that in the limited space, the more complicated space three-dimensional circuit can be integrated rapidly.
3. In order to improve the forming speed under the condition of ensuring the forming precision and the compactness, the diameter of the inner layer nozzle is 0.1-0.2 mm, the diameter of the outer layer nozzle is 0.2-0.4 mm, and meanwhile, the brass nozzle is adopted, so that the brass nozzle has higher hardness, is corrosion-resistant and is not easy to rust.
4. The invention has the advantages that the thickness of the layer is 0.1-0.2 mm when the layer is sliced, the forming speed is 50-100 mm/s, and the filling density is 60-100%, thus not only ensuring high printing and forming quality and high strength, but also finishing forming in a short time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a coaxial 3D printing and extruding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternate open/close state of an inner layer nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an open state of the inner layer nozzle, and (b) is a closed state of the inner layer nozzle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a storage chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a baffle configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a screw structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a spatial circuit formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flow chart of the spatial circuit formation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 3-radiator fan, 4-fan seat, 5-polymer insulating aggregate, 6-conductive part, 7-substrate insulating part, 11-cylinder, 12-cylinder guide rod, 13-air inlet pipe, 14-end cover, 15-inner-layer nozzle sleeve, 16-material storage cavity, 161-air inlet, 162-conductive particle material, 163-filter screen, 164-conductive liquid, 165-liquid outlet, 21-stepping motor, 22-coupler, 23-feeding funnel, 24-bevel gear, 25-screw, 26-outer-layer nozzle sleeve, 27-annular heater and 28-guide plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, includes an inner layer extrusion mechanism and an outer layer extrusion mechanism, wherein:
the inner layer extrusion mechanism comprises an inner layer nozzle sleeve 15, a material storage cavity 16, an air cylinder guide rod 12 and an air cylinder 11, wherein an end cover 14 is arranged at the upper end of the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15, and an air inlet pipe 13 is arranged on the end cover 14; the material storage cavity 16 is communicated with the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15; one end of the cylinder guide rod 12 is connected with the cylinder 11, and the other end of the cylinder guide rod penetrates through the end cover 14 and is positioned in the inner-layer spray head sleeve 15;
the outer layer extrusion mechanism comprises an outer layer spray head sleeve 26, a screw rod 25, a feeding funnel 23, an annular heater 27, a stepping motor 21 and a guide plate 28, wherein the outer layer spray head sleeve 26, the screw rod 25 and the inner layer spray head sleeve 15 are coaxially arranged from outside to inside in sequence; the screw 25 is connected with the stepping motor 21 through a bevel gear 24, the feed hopper 23 is arranged on the outer layer spray head sleeve 26, and the annular heater 27 is wrapped outside the outer layer spray head sleeve 26; the guide plate 28 is sleeved outside the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 and located at the lower end of the screw 25, and a backflow hole is formed in the guide plate 28, as shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, a filter screen 163 is arranged in the material storage chamber 16; screw rod 25 is the equidistance gradual change formula screw rod, as shown in fig. 6, and it is from last to being in proper order down for reinforced section, compression section, measurement section: the screw groove depth of the feeding section is 3-4 mm, the screw groove depth of the compression section is uniformly reduced, the screw groove depth of the compression section is used for further compacting and plasticizing the granular materials and pressing the mixed air back to the feeding port, the screw groove depth of the metering section is 1-2 mm, the screw groove depth of the metering section is used for further plasticizing the granular materials and enabling the granular materials to be extruded from the screw rod 25 in a constant pressure, constant temperature and quantitative mode, and specific parameters of a three-section structure of the screw rod 25 are determined by the properties of the granular materials entering the screw groove depth.
Further, the lower end of the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 is provided with an inner layer nozzle, and the diameter of the inner layer nozzle is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm, and is further preferably 0.15 mm; the lower end of the outer layer spray head sleeve 26 is provided with an outer layer spray nozzle, and the diameter of the outer layer spray nozzle is 0.2 mm-0.4 mm, and is further preferably 0.3 mm; the inner layer nozzle and the outer layer nozzle are both brass nozzles.
Further, the extrusion device also comprises a fan seat 4 and a heat radiation fan 3 fixed on the fan seat 4, wherein the fan seat 4 is fixed on the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15, and the heat radiation fan 3 is positioned at the annular heater 27.
The extrusion device is used for forming a space three-dimensional circuit shown in fig. 7, which comprises a conductive part 6 and a substrate insulating part 7, and as shown in fig. 8, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a space three-dimensional circuit model to be formed through three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the space three-dimensional circuit model comprises a circuit part and an insulating part, and reasonably planning the circuit distribution trend to ensure that the circuits cannot generate cross overlapping to cause short circuit; slicing the space three-dimensional circuit model in layers by slicing software, identifying and obtaining information of a circuit part and an insulating part in each layer of slice to obtain a forming track;
s2, inputting the forming track into a 3D printing device provided with the extrusion device, forming a circuit part through an inner layer extrusion mechanism, and forming an insulation part through an outer layer extrusion mechanism, specifically, controlling inner and outer layer nozzles to independently and alternately extrude a conductive material and an insulation material, and lowering the platform by a set layer thickness height after printing one layer, so that the conductive material and the insulation material are circularly stacked layer by layer until the forming of the whole space three-dimensional circuit is completed;
and S3, carrying out post-processing and electric conduction test on the formed space three-dimensional circuit to obtain a space three-dimensional circuit product.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, when the inner layer extrusion mechanism forms the circuit portion: the screw 25 does not rotate, the air cylinder 11 drives the air cylinder guide rod 12 to rise, air is introduced into the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 from the air inlet pipe 13, the air pressure in the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 is increased, and the conductive material enters the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 after being heated and melted in the material storage cavity 16 and filtered by the filter screen 163 and is extruded from the inner layer nozzle under the action of pressure;
when the outer layer extrusion mechanism forms the insulating part: the cylinder 11 drives the cylinder guide rod 12 to descend to block the inner-layer nozzle, the stepping motor 21 drives the screw rod 25 to rotate through the bevel gear 24, the insulating material enters the space between the outer-layer nozzle sleeve 26 and the screw rod 25 through the feeding hopper 23 and is melted under the combined action of heating of the annular heater 27 and rotational friction of the screw rod 25, meanwhile, the heat dissipation fan 3 dissipates heat to control the melting temperature of the material, and then the flow guide plate 28 adjusts the flow direction of the molten body to enable the molten body to vertically flow to the outer-layer nozzle and extrude from the outer-layer nozzle.
Preferably, the layer thickness is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, and more preferably 0.15mm when slicing in layers; the forming speed is 50mm/s to 100mm/s, and more preferably 80 mm/s; the packing density is 60% to 100%, and more preferably 80%.
Preferably, the insulating material is a high-molecular insulating material, such as particles or powder of PLA, ABS, PCL, TPU, nylon and the like, and the particle size of the particles is 1.2-1.8 mm; the conductive material is conductive polymer, carbon conductive ink, metal conductive ink, gallium indium tin liquid alloy, conductive silver paste and the like; further, PLA or ABS particle has good forming property and insulating property, high strength, low price and melting temperature of about 220 ℃; the gallium indium liquid alloy (EGnIn) has the properties of both liquid and metal, the melting point is 15.5 ℃, and the conductivity is 3.4 multiplied by 106S/m, surface tension 718N/m, viscosity 2.4X 10-3Pa · s, high conductivity while maintaining good fluidity, low viscosity, good fluidity and stable performance.
The following are specific examples:
the specific parameters of each part of the extrusion device are selected as follows: the cylinder 11 is a standard part with a stroke of 8mm, the cylinder guide rod 12 is a standard part with a length of 380mm and a diameter
The radius of a fillet at the bottom is 1mm, and the fillet is made of stainless steel; outer diameter of end cap 14
Inner diameter
The inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 is tightly assembled, so that good air tightness is ensured; as shown in FIG. 4, the storage chamber 16 has a length, a width and a height of 180mm, 100mm and 100mm, respectively, and the diameter of the air inlet 161 formed at the top thereof is
The liquid flow passage 165 opened at the side has a diameter of
The inner wall of the cavity is provided with a heater which can melt the conductive material, and the filter screen 163 is made of stainless steel and used for filtering infusible residues to prevent the nozzle from being blocked;
the stepping motor 21 and the coupler 22 are respectively a 42 two-phase stepping motor and an aluminum alloy plum coupler standard part; the feed hopper 23 is of iron conical shape with a diameter at the bottom
The wall thickness is 2 mm; the bevel gear 24 is two standard straight bevel gears intermeshing, the diaxon crossing angle S equals 90 degrees, the gear ratio is 1, the number of teeth is 24, the pitch circle diameter is 96mm, and the transmission tooth width ratio
The modulus of the large end of the bevel gear is 4, and the average modulus is 3.33; the screw rod 25 is quenched by 45 steel, the hardness is 45-48 HRC, the effective length is 160mm, and the outer diameter is
Inner diameter
The thread pitch is 8mm, the lift angle is 13.4 degrees, wherein the lengths of the feeding section, the compression section and the metering section are respectively 40mm, 80mm and 40mm, the depth of a screw groove of the feeding section is 3.5mm, the depth of the screw groove of the compression section is uniformly reduced to 1.5mm from 3.5mm, and the depth of the screw groove of the metering section is 1.5 mm; the outer spray head sleeve 26 adopts 45 steel quenching treatment and has an inner diameter
Wall thickness 5mm, cylinder length 155mm, outer nozzle diameter
The annular heater 27 is made of stainless steel, and is heated by a resistance wire at a temperature ranging from 60 ℃ to 250 ℃ so as to melt the polymer insulating particles; the guide plate 27 is made of stainless steel and has a diameter
The thickness is 5mm, and the aperture is 3 mm; the heat radiation fan 3 adopts a 12V direct current fan, has the appearance size of 40 × 10mm, is matched with the sleeve heater 27 for use, and ensures that the temperature of the outer layer extrusion mechanism is in a proper range; the fan base 4 is made of aluminum alloy and used for fixing the heat radiation fan 3.
The extrusion device is adopted to form a spatial three-dimensional circuit, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, UG NX, Pro/E, Solidworks and other three-dimensional modeling software are adopted, the arrangement trend of a spatial stereo circuit is designed and optimized, circuit crossing, interruption, overlapping and the like are avoided, and in order to avoid short circuit possibly caused by too close distance between adjacent circuits, the distance between the adjacent circuits is larger than 2 mm;
s2, exporting an stl file format from the three-dimensional model, importing the stl file format into slicing software, identifying a circuit part model and an insulation part model, layering and slicing different model parts, setting the height of each layer to be 0.15mm for ensuring printing precision and forming quality, and finally converting each layer of data into a motion track G code information file of the 3D printer;
s3, the information file is led into the 3D printing equipment provided with the extrusion device, the circuit part is formed through the inner layer extrusion mechanism, the insulation part is formed through the outer layer extrusion mechanism, and the forming of the whole space three-dimensional circuit is completed, specifically:
(1) opening the annular heater 27 and the material storage cavity 16 and preheating the inner layer nozzle and the material storage cavity 16; placing large particles or blocky conductive particles 162 on a filter screen 163 in the storage cavity 16, melting all metals into a conductive liquid 164 and collecting the conductive liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity 16, or directly pouring liquid metal into the storage cavity 16, in this embodiment, gallium indium tin liquid alloy is adopted; the gas inlet pipe 13 is filled with non-oxidizing or inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, helium and the like to avoid oxidizing the molten conductive liquid, so that the inner layer nozzle sleeve 15 is filled with metal materials;
(2) placing a granular or powdery polymer insulating material 5 in a feeding hopper 23, and driving a screw 25 to rotate through a bevel gear 24 to enable an outer-layer spray head sleeve 26 to be filled with the insulating material;
(3) the device works according to computer slicing information to print layer by layer, each layer prints a circuit part first, when the circuit part is printed, the guide rod 12 is lifted, the air pressure is increased, the screw 25 does not rotate, and only molten metal material is extruded at the moment; then, the non-circuit portion is printed, and when the non-circuit portion is printed, the guide rod 12 descends and the screw 25 rotates, only the insulating material is extruded, so that the circuit portion and the non-circuit portion are printed alternately layer by layer. And when one layer is printed, the printing platform descends by a distance of one layer height, and the next layer is continuously printed as above, and the layers are stacked layer by layer to obtain the three-dimensional entity.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coaxial-type 3D prints extrusion device which characterized in that, includes inlayer extrusion mechanism and outer extrusion mechanism, wherein:
the inner-layer extrusion mechanism comprises an inner-layer nozzle sleeve (15), a material storage cavity (16), an air cylinder guide rod (12) and an air cylinder (11), wherein an end cover (14) is arranged at the upper end of the inner-layer nozzle sleeve (15), and an air inlet pipe (13) is arranged on the end cover (14); the material storage cavity (16) is communicated with the inner layer spray head sleeve (15); one end of the cylinder guide rod (12) is connected with the cylinder (11), and the other end of the cylinder guide rod penetrates through the end cover (14) and is positioned in the inner-layer spray head sleeve (15);
the outer layer extrusion mechanism comprises an outer layer spray head sleeve (26), a screw rod (25), a feeding hopper (23), an annular heater (27) and a stepping motor (21), wherein the outer layer spray head sleeve (26), the screw rod (25) and the inner layer spray head sleeve (15) are coaxially arranged from outside to inside in sequence; the screw rod (25) is connected with the stepping motor (21), the feeding hopper (23) is arranged on the outer-layer nozzle sleeve (26), and the annular heater (27) is wrapped on the outer side of the outer-layer nozzle sleeve (26).
2. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the outer layer extrusion mechanism further comprises a deflector (28), the deflector (28) is sleeved outside the inner layer nozzle sleeve (15) and is arranged at the lower end of the screw (25).
3. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the screw (25) is an equidistance gradual change screw which is divided into a feeding section, a compression section and a metering section from top to bottom, the feeding section has a groove depth of 3 mm-4 mm, and the metering section has a groove depth of 1 mm-2 mm.
4. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein a filter screen (163) is disposed within the storage chamber (16).
5. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the inner layer nozzle sleeve (15) has an inner layer nozzle at its lower end, the inner layer nozzle having a diameter of 0.1mm to 0.2 mm; the lower end of the outer layer spray head sleeve (26) is provided with an outer layer spray nozzle, and the diameter of the outer layer spray nozzle is 0.2 mm-0.4 mm.
6. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device of claim 5, wherein the inner layer nozzle and the outer layer nozzle are both brass nozzles.
7. The coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a fan base (4) and a heat dissipation fan (3) fixed on the fan base (4), wherein the fan base (4) is fixed on the inner layer nozzle sleeve (15).
8. A method for forming a spatial stereoscopic circuit by using the coaxial 3D printing extrusion device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, constructing a space three-dimensional circuit model to be formed through three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the space three-dimensional circuit model comprises a circuit part and an insulating part, and the space three-dimensional circuit model is sliced layer by layer and is preset into a forming track;
s2, forming the circuit part through the inner layer extrusion mechanism and the insulation part through the outer layer extrusion mechanism according to the preset forming track, and completing the forming of the space three-dimensional circuit.
9. The method for forming a spatial circuit according to claim 8, wherein the inner layer extruding means, when forming the circuit portion: the screw rod (25) does not rotate, the cylinder guide rod (12) is lifted, gas is introduced into the inner layer spray head sleeve (15) for pressurization, and the conductive material is melted in the material storage cavity (16), enters the inner layer spray head sleeve (15) and is extruded out of the inner layer spray nozzle under the action of pressure; when the outer layer extrusion mechanism forms the insulating part: the cylinder guide rod (12) descends to block the inner-layer nozzle, the screw (25) rotates, and the insulating material enters between the outer-layer nozzle sleeve (26) and the screw (25) through the feeding hopper (23) and is melted under the combined action of the annular heater (27) and the screw (25) to be extruded from the outer-layer nozzle.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer thickness is 0.1mm to 0.2mm when slicing in layers, the forming speed is 50mm/s to 100mm/s, and the packing density is 60% to 100%.
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