CN110896249A - 一种非对称四线圈谐振器以及具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统 - Google Patents

一种非对称四线圈谐振器以及具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统 Download PDF

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CN110896249A
CN110896249A CN201911135485.4A CN201911135485A CN110896249A CN 110896249 A CN110896249 A CN 110896249A CN 201911135485 A CN201911135485 A CN 201911135485A CN 110896249 A CN110896249 A CN 110896249A
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王文彬
蒙天骐
陈琛
熊健豪
周求宽
王华云
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12Inductive energy transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14Inductive couplings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种非对称四线圈谐振器,包括初级侧和次级侧,初级侧包括一个发射线圈和两个中继线圈,其在同一平面上;次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈。本发明还公开了一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,包括非对称四线圈谐振器、高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路、整流电路以及负载,非对称四线圈谐振器主要由发射线圈、接收线圈、两个中继线圈组成,其中发射线圈和两个中继线圈在同一平面上作为初级侧,次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈,高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路位于初级侧,整流电路以及负载位于在次级侧。非对称将两个中继线圈靠近源线圈,相比对称四线圈传输,非对称耦合模型可将两中继线圈电路模型化到初次侧,进一步提高原边的等效电感值来降低初次侧的电流值,从而提高传输效率。

Description

一种非对称四线圈谐振器以及具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无 线电能传输系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非对称四线圈谐振器。
本发明涉及一种无线电能传输系统,具体涉及一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统。
背景技术
近年来,随着电动汽车的快速发展,很多关键问题需要得到解决,其中电动汽车的充电技术研究就是一大热点和难点。传统的充电方案是接触式充电的方式,即利用充电插座从电网获得能量,利用电力变换的方式,将电网的电能通过电力变换器传递给蓄电池。与接触式充电方式相比,无线电能传输技术又称为非接触电能传输就具有很大优势,它是利用电磁场或电磁波进行能量传递,摆脱了传统电缆,实现了完全的电气隔离,充电通用性更好,因此得到了国内外机构和学者的广泛关注,也取得了十分显著的成效。
然而无线输电能否替代传统的有线输电而成为一个通用技术,其最为关键的影响因素之一就是传输效率,现有的无线输电由于传输效率低下,一直无法推广使用。
发明内容
为解决无线输电传输效率低下的问题,本发明提供一种非对称四线圈谐振器以及具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,有效提高传输效率。
本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种非对称四线圈谐振器,包括初级侧和次级侧,初级侧包括一个发射线圈和两个中继线圈,其在同一平面上;次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈。
一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,包括非对称四线圈谐振器、高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路、整流电路以及负载,非对称四线圈谐振器主要由发射线圈、接收线圈、两个中继线圈组成,其中发射线圈和两个中继线圈在同一平面上作为初级侧,次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈,高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路位于初级侧,整流电路以及负载位于在次级侧。
进一步的,在初级侧包括直流电源Vin、全桥逆变电路Q1-Q4、发射线圈的自感LIkp、谐振电容C1以及收发线圈的互感Lm,在次级侧包括接收线圈的自感LIks、谐振电容C2、全波桥式整流电路D1-D4和负载电阻R0,初级侧还包括两个中继线圈的谐振电容C3、C4及其自感LIkt、LIkq
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的非对称四线圈谐振器,其初级侧包括一个发射线圈(源线圈)和两个中继线圈,其在同一平面上;次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈;
从电磁场角度讲,中继线圈和发射线圈在一个平面上会使中继线圈感应出方向相同的电流,从而增强了工作区域的磁场,提升其抗偏移能力。
相比于二线圈结构的无线电能传输系统,相同的传输距离和线圈尺寸下具有提高其传输效率;在耦合系数较低的中远距离情况下,仍能获得较高的传输效率且提升抗偏移能力。
相比对称四线圈传输,非对称耦合模型可将两中继线圈电路模型化到初次侧,进一步提高原边的等效电感值来降低初次侧的电流值,从而提高传输效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明非对称四线圈谐振器模型。
图2是本发明具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统电路模型。
1、发射线圈,2、第一中继线圈,3、第二中继线圈,4、负载线圈。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1所示,本发明的非对称四线圈谐振器,包括初级侧和次级侧,初级侧包括一个发射线圈1(源线圈)和两个中继线圈(第一中继线圈2和第二中继线圈3),其在同一平面上;次级侧是一个负载线圈4用作接收线圈。
而常规的四线圈系统具有对称的线圈配置。在初级侧,具有源线圈和发射线圈,而次级线圈则包含较大的负载线圈。
本发明非对称四线圈谐振器,在初级侧,两个中间线圈在工作频率附近提高耦合系数。由于具有这种双重提升效应,具有不对称四线圈谐振器的系统比传统的对称四线圈系统具有更高的效率。该原型以90kHz的开关频率工作,在初级侧和次级侧之间具有200mm的功率传输距离,3.3kW的输出功率可实现96.56%的覆盖系统效率。
这种在初级侧和次级侧之间具有三个以上线圈的多线圈传输系统具有良好的耦合系数,较长的传输距离和较宽的工作频率范围的优点。
一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,电路图如图2所示,包括非对称四线圈谐振器、高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路、整流电路以及负载,非对称四线圈谐振器主要由发射线圈、接收线圈、两个中继线圈组成,其中发射线圈和两个中继线圈在同一平面上作为初级侧,次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈,次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈,高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路位于初级侧,整流电路以及负载位于在次级侧。
其中,在初级侧包括直流电源Vin、全桥逆变电路Q1-Q4、发射线圈的自感LIkp、谐振电容C1以及收发线圈的互感Lm,在次级侧包括接收线圈的自感LIks、谐振电容C2、全波桥式整流电路D1-D4和负载电阻R0,初级侧还包括两个中继线圈的谐振电容C3、C4及其自感LIkt、LIkq。逆变电路将输入的直流信号逆变为交流信号,使电能以电磁波的形式从发射端传到相同谐振频率的接收端,又经过次级侧的整流电路,将交流信号转变为直流信号为负载供电。将两个中继线圈的电感化入一次测后,系统的输入阻抗得到提升,减小了输入电流,从而减少了发生在初级侧的功率损耗,提升了传输效率。
相比二线圈结构的无线电能传输系统,增加了两个中继线圈的四线圈传输系统在相同的传输距离和线圈尺寸下具有更高的传输效率。在四圈结构系统中,由于发射线圈不与电源直接连接,发射线圈中不再包含电源内阻,并且接收线圈不与负载直接相连,接收线圈中也不再包含负载,因此,发射线圈与接收线圈的阻抗接近其线圈交流电阻,品质因数可以很高,达到102~103。因此,四线圈机构在耦合系数较低的中远距离情况下,仍能获得较高的传输效率且提升抗偏移能力。
初级侧的两个中继线圈可以显著的提升源线圈的电感,从而提升耦合系数。同时增加的中继线圈可以减小源线圈的匝数,从而减小了输入电流的有效值。由于这种双增强效应,具有不对称四线圈谐振器的系统,比传统对称四线圈系统效率更高。
从电磁场角度讲,中继线圈和发射线圈在一个平面上会使中继线圈感应出方向相同的电流,从而增强了工作区域的磁场,抗偏移能力得到提升。
大多数WPT系统主要的功率损耗发生在初次侧,为了提高效率可以采用降低初次侧电流的方法。
对称型四线圈传输只有一个中继线圈距源线圈较近,非对称将两个中继线圈靠近源线圈,相比对称四线圈传输,非对称耦合模型可将两中继线圈电路模型化到初次侧,进一步提高原边的等效电感值来降低初次侧的电流值,从而提高传输效率。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (3)

1.一种非对称四线圈谐振器,其特征在于:包括初级侧和次级侧,初级侧包括一个发射线圈和两个中继线圈,其在同一平面上;次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈。
2.一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,其特征在于:包括非对称四线圈谐振器、高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路、整流电路以及负载,非对称四线圈谐振器主要由发射线圈、接收线圈、两个中继线圈组成,其中发射线圈和两个中继线圈在同一平面上作为初级侧,次级侧是一个负载线圈用作接收线圈,高频大功率逆变电源、逆变电路位于初级侧,整流电路以及负载位于在次级侧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统,其特征在于:在初级侧包括直流电源Vin、全桥逆变电路Q1-Q4、发射线圈的自感LIkp、谐振电容C1以及收发线圈的互感Lm,在次级侧包括接收线圈的自感LIks、谐振电容C2、全波桥式整流电路D1-D4和负载电阻R0,初级侧还包括两个中继线圈的谐振电容C3、C4及其自感LIkt、LIkq
CN201911135485.4A 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 一种非对称四线圈谐振器以及具有非对称四线圈谐振器的无线电能传输系统 Pending CN110896249A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

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CN112260414A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-01-22 浙江大学 一种使用三线圈结构提高抗偏移能力的无线电能传输装置
CN113675959A (zh) * 2021-10-22 2021-11-19 成都斯普奥汀科技有限公司 一种用于提升磁感应无线充电收发端耦合强度的天线系统
CN113708514A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院(中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院) 一种无线电能传输装置
CN114050668A (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-02-15 合肥有感科技有限责任公司 无线充电发射装置

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CN113708514A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院(中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院) 一种无线电能传输装置
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