CN110895346A - Method for separating seismic diffracted waves by common offset distance domain SVD filtering - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for separating seismic diffracted waves by common offset domain SVD filtering comprises the following steps: 1) selecting and arranging seismic data obtained by the single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record; 2) extracting a common offset distance seismic recording section and reading a two-dimensional arrayR 1Performing the following steps; 3) to arrayR 1SVD conversion is carried out to obtain a singular value matrixΣ(ii) a 4) Drawing a singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor through singular value spectrum analysisσ h (ii) a 5) Carrying out SVD high-pass filtering to extract diffracted waves; 6) outputting a diffracted wave seismic record according to an input seismic data format; 7) repeating the steps 2) to 6), and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset distance seismic record section of the whole survey line; 8) selecting and arranging the diffracted waves according to the common shot gather; 9) the diffracted wave is subjected to offset imaging processing, and the obtained diffracted wave imaging section can effectively improve the prediction precision of the geological abnormal body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing, and particularly relates to a method for separating seismic diffracted waves by common offset range SVD filtering.
Background
There is a significant elastic difference between geological anomalies such as faults, karst caves, lenticles and the like and surrounding rocks, thereby causing changes in seismic response characteristics, often expressed in the form of diffracted waves. In the conventional reflected seismic data processing, diffracted waves are usually processed as part of the content of reflected waves, and the purpose is to converge the diffracted waves to the position where the diffracted waves are generated, so as to realize seismic wave migration imaging. Although the imaging quality of the reflected wave can be improved to a certain extent, most of abundant and useful geological information carried by the diffracted wave is artificially lost in the processing process, because the diffracted wave is a seismic response information carrier of a geological abnormal body, after migration imaging, as the reflected wave and the diffracted wave are superposed, the resolution of seismic data is reduced, and simultaneously, kinematic information and kinetic information carried by the diffracted wave are lost and cannot be recovered, and at the moment, the detection of small-scale uneven geological bodies by directly utilizing the diffracted wave is impossible. Therefore, the clean and complete extraction of the diffracted waves is a precondition and a basic guarantee for realizing the effective utilization of diffracted wave information.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a seismic diffracted wave separation method, which can effectively separate seismic diffracted waves, and can independently perform migration imaging processing on the obtained diffracted waves so as to achieve the purpose of improving the prediction precision of geological anomalous bodies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technology and scheme: a method for separating seismic diffracted waves by common offset domain SVD filtering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology, which comprises M guns, M guns per gun, n sampling points per gun, dy gun spacing and dx track spacing, are sorted according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record, wherein the common offset gather seismic record comprises M common offset seismic record sections, and each common offset seismic record section comprises M seismic channels;
secondly, extracting a common offset seismic record section in the common offset gather seismic records and reading a two-dimensional array R1Performing the following steps;
third, logarithmic group R1SVD conversion is carried out to obtain a singular value matrix sigma;
SVD transform equation: U-VT
Wherein: s is an array R1The matrix representation of (a); the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; u is formed by SSTA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of (a); v is composed of STA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of S; sigma is a matrix formed by singular values;
singular value matrix:
wherein: sigma is a singular value; i is 1, 2, …, r, i is singular value number, singular value sigmaiArranged on the main diagonal of the matrix from large to small, i.e. sigma1≥σ2≥…≥σi≥…≥σr>0, the number of non-zero singular values is equal to the rank r of the matrix S, r ═ min { M, n };
fourthly, taking the singular value serial number as an abscissa and the amplitude value of the singular value as an ordinate to the singular value series { sigma1，σ2，…，σi，…，σrPlotting to form a singular value spectrum, then analyzing the characteristics of the singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit sigma of the SVD high-pass filtering factorh；
Fifthly, SVD high-pass filtering is implemented to extract diffracted waves according to the principle of sigmahReconstructing the seismic signal for the SVD high-pass filter factor lower limit to obtain an array R2；
SVD high-pass filtering reconstruction seismic signal equation:
wherein: r2Reconstructing seismic signals after SVD high-pass filtering; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; h, h +1, h +2, …, r, i are singular value serial numbers; r is the rank of matrix S, and r is min { M, n }; h is the singular value serial number of the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor, and h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to r; sigmaiIs the ith singular value of the matrix S; u. ofiIs the ith eigenvector of the matrix U; v. ofiIs a matrix VTThe ith feature vector of (1);
sixth, according to the seismic data grid at the time of inputFormula output array R2Then SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing of a common offset seismic recording section is completed;
seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step, and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset seismic record section of the whole measuring line to obtain diffracted wave seismic records of a common offset gather of the whole measuring line;
eighthly, selecting and arranging the separated diffracted waves according to the common shot point gather to obtain the diffracted wave seismic records of the common shot point gather;
and ninthly, carrying out offset imaging processing on the separated diffracted waves to obtain diffracted wave imaging sections.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on that a common offset profile is similar to a horizontal superposition profile, reflected waves are mainly represented as the same-phase axes of horizontal continuous distribution on the common offset profile, seismic responses of geological abnormal bodies such as faults, karsts and lens bodies are represented as diffracted waves with a hyperbolic distribution rule, the two types of seismic wave fields have obvious transverse coherence difference characteristics, and the diffracted waves with poor transverse coherence can be extracted while the reflected wave same-phase axes with good transverse coherence are suppressed by SVD high-pass filtering. The diffracted waves extracted by the method can be subjected to offset imaging processing independently, and the imaging result can effectively improve the prediction precision of the geological abnormal body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of single-sided blasting, multi-coverage rolling seismic data acquisition.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an original common shot gather seismic record (first 10 shots) of a seismic survey line of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a common offset gather seismic trace plot (first 4 common offset seismic trace sections) of the seismic lines of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a 1 st common offset seismic profile of the seismic line of the invention (offset 4 m).
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a singular value spectrum analysis of the 1 st common offset seismic record section of the seismic line of the invention.
FIG. 6(a) is a diffracted wave seismic trace from the SVD high-pass filter extraction of the 1 st common offset seismic trace section.
FIG. 6(b) is a cross-sectional view of the 1 st common offset seismic record after diffraction wave extraction.
FIG. 7(a) is a diffracted wave seismic trace (first 4 common offset seismic trace sections) extracted from a seismic trace according to the invention.
FIG. 7(b) is a seismic trace after diffraction of a seismic trace according to the invention (first 4 common offset seismic traces).
FIG. 8 is a seismic trace record (top 10 shots) of a diffracted wave common shot gather extracted from a seismic survey line according to the present invention.
FIG. 9(a) is a full wavefield migration imaging profile of a seismic line of the invention.
FIG. 9(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of diffracted wave migration imaging from seismic line extraction according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6(a), 6(b), 7(a), 7(b), 8, 9(a), 9(b), a method of common-offset-domain SVD filtering of separated seismic diffracted waves, comprising the steps of:
firstly, seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology, which comprises M guns, M guns per gun, n sampling points per gun, dy gun spacing and dx track spacing, are sorted according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record, wherein the common offset gather seismic record comprises M common offset seismic record sections, and each common offset seismic record section comprises M seismic tracks, and the common offset gather seismic record sections refer to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3;
secondly, extracting a common offset seismic record section in the common offset gather seismic records and reading a two-dimensional array R1See fig. 4;
third, logarithmic group R1Performing SVD transformation to obtain a singular value matrix Σ, see fig. 5;
SVD transform equation: U-VT
Wherein: s is an array R1The matrix representation of (a); the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; u is formed by SSTA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of (a); v is composed of STA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of S; sigma is a matrix formed by singular values;
singular value matrix:
wherein: sigma is a singular value; i is 1, 2, …, and r, i is singular value number. Singular value sigmaiArranged on the main diagonal of the matrix from large to small, i.e. sigma1≥σ2≥…≥σi≥…≥σr>0, the number of non-zero singular values is equal to the rank r of the matrix S, r ═ min { M, n };
the fourth step: using singular value serial number as abscissa and amplitude value of singular value as ordinate to singular value series { sigma1，σ2，…，σi，…，σrPlotting to form a singular value spectrum, then analyzing the characteristics of the singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit sigma of the SVD high-pass filtering factorhSee, fig. 5;
the fifth step: the SVD high-pass filtering is implemented to extract diffracted waves, and the principle is thathReconstructing the seismic signal for the SVD high-pass filter factor lower limit to obtain an array R2See fig. 5 and fig. 6(a), 6 (b);
SVD high-pass filtering reconstruction seismic signal equation:
wherein: r2Reconstructing seismic signals after SVD high-pass filtering; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; h, h +1, h +2, …, r, i are singular value serial numbers; r is the rank of matrix S, and r is min { M, n }; h is the singular value serial number of the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor, and h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to r; sigmaiIs the ith singular value of the matrix S; u. ofiIs the ith eigenvector of the matrix U; v. ofiIs a matrix VTThe ith feature vector of (1);
sixth, according to the seismic data at the time of inputFormat output array R2Then, completing the SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing of a common offset seismic recording section, and referring to fig. 6(a) and 6 (b);
seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step, and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset seismic record section of the whole measuring line to obtain diffracted wave seismic records of a common offset gather of the whole measuring line, which are shown in the figures 7(a) and 7 (b);
eighthly, arranging the separated diffracted waves according to the common shot point gather to obtain the diffracted wave seismic records of the common shot point gather, and referring to the figure 8;
and a ninth step of performing offset imaging processing on the separated diffracted waves to obtain diffracted wave imaging sections, which is shown in fig. 9(a) and 9 (b).
Examples
The implementation steps are explained by taking a set of seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multi-covering rolling acquisition technology which comprises 150 guns, 48 guns per gun, 1000 sampling points per gun, the sampling rate of 0.5ms, the gun pitch of 4m and the track pitch of 2m as an example:
firstly, seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology, which comprises 150 guns, 48 guns per gun, 1000 sampling points per gun, 4m gun spacing and 2m track spacing, are sorted according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record, wherein the common offset gather seismic record comprises 48 common offset seismic record sections, and each common offset seismic record section comprises 150 seismic tracks, and the common offset gather seismic record sections are shown in a figure 1, a figure 2 and a figure 3;
secondly, extracting a common offset seismic record section in the common offset gather seismic records and reading a two-dimensional array R1See fig. 4;
third, logarithmic group R1Performing SVD transformation to obtain a singular value matrix Σ, see fig. 5;
SVD transform equation: U-VT
Wherein: s is an array R1The matrix representation of (a); the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; u is formed by SSTA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of (a); v is composed of STCharacteristic value of SA matrix of vectors; sigma is a matrix formed by singular values;
singular value matrix:
wherein: sigma is a singular value; i is 1, 2, …, 150, i is singular value number. Singular value sigmaiArranged on the main diagonal of the matrix from large to small, i.e. sigma1≥σ2≥…≥σi≥…≥σ150>0；
The fourth step: using singular value serial number as abscissa and amplitude value of singular value as ordinate to singular value series { sigma1，σ2，…，σi，…，σ150Plotting to form a singular value spectrum, then analyzing the characteristics of the singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit sigma of the SVD high-pass filtering factor1068.2, see fig. 5;
the fifth step: the SVD high-pass filtering is implemented to extract diffracted waves, and the principle is thath68.2, reconstructing the seismic signal for the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor to obtain an array R2See fig. 5 and fig. 6(a), 6 (b);
SVD high-pass filtering reconstruction seismic signal equation:
wherein: r2Reconstructing seismic signals after SVD high-pass filtering; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; i is 10, 11, …, 150, i is singular value serial number; sigmaiIs the ith singular value of the matrix S; u. ofiIs the ith eigenvector of the matrix U; v. ofiIs a matrix VTThe ith feature vector of (1);
sixthly, outputting an array R according to the seismic data format during input2Then, completing the SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing of a common offset seismic recording section, and referring to fig. 6(a) and 6 (b);
seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step, and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset seismic record section of the whole measuring line to obtain diffracted wave seismic records of a common offset gather of the whole measuring line, which are shown in the figures 7(a) and 7 (b);
eighthly, arranging the separated diffracted waves according to the common shot point gather to obtain the diffracted wave seismic records of the common shot point gather, and referring to the figure 8;
and a ninth step of performing offset imaging processing on the separated diffracted waves to obtain diffracted wave imaging sections, which is shown in fig. 9(a) and 9 (b).
Example effect description:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of single-side blasting and multi-coverage rolling acquisition of seismic data, and in order to clearly show the multi-coverage rolling acquisition of the same two-dimensional seismic survey line, the relationship between shot points and demodulator probes under different shot points is shown in a split manner in fig. 1.
FIG. 2 is a seismic record diagram of the first 10 original common shot point gathers of the whole survey line, wherein the abscissa is the track number and the ordinate is the sampling time (unit: ms), and multiple groups of diffracted waves related to geological abnormal bodies exist in the seismic data within 100-400 ms.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the seismic records of the first 4 common offset gathers, in which the abscissa is the trace number, the ordinate is the sampling time (unit: ms), the continuity of the event of the reflected wave is good, and diffracted waves develop at geological anomalies such as faults and lenticles.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the 1 st common-offset seismic recording, with the abscissa being the trace number and the ordinate being the sample time (in ms).
FIG. 5 is a singular value spectrum analysis of the 1 st common offset seismic record section, from which the 1 st singular value σ is seen1780.6, 9 th singular value σ12At 96.4, the amplitude of the singular value appears as a distinct inflection point at i-10, the 10 th singular value (σ)13) And then the singular value amplitude values are less than 68.2, which shows that the reflected wave energy with better lateral coherence is concentrated on the first 9 singular values, and the diffracted wave energy with poorer lateral coherence is concentrated on the 10 th and following singular values.
Fig. 6(a) - (b) show the SVD high-pass filtering extraction of diffracted waves for the 1 st common offset seismic section, where fig. 6(a) shows the extracted diffracted wave seismic section, and fig. 6(b) shows the seismic section after diffracted wave separation, and diffracted wave separation is complete.
Fig. 7(a) to (b) show the results of the diffracted wave separation processing of the seismic survey line of the present invention, in which fig. 7(a) is an extracted diffracted wave seismic record map (showing the first 4 common offset seismic record sections), and fig. 7(b) is a seismic record map after the diffracted waves are separated (showing the first 4 common offset seismic record sections). Diffracted waves are more thoroughly separated than the original seismic record.
FIG. 8 is a chart of extracted diffracted wave common shot gather records (showing the first 10 shots).
FIGS. 9(a) - (b) are the seismic imaging results of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9(a) is a cross-sectional view of full wavefield migration imaging and FIG. 9(b) is a cross-sectional view of diffracted wave migration imaging. Compared with the reflected wave imaging result, the diffracted wave clearly reflects the existence of the geological anomaly, particularly comprises 4 faults (F0, F1, F2 and F3) and 2 lenticles (T1 and T2), and the diffracted wave imaging can effectively identify and track the existence of the geological anomaly.
Claims (2)
1. A method for separating seismic diffracted waves by common offset domain SVD filtering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology, which comprises M guns, M guns per gun, n sampling points per gun, dy gun spacing and dx track spacing, are sorted according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record, wherein the common offset gather seismic record comprises M common offset seismic record sections, and each common offset seismic record section comprises M seismic channels;
secondly, extracting a common offset seismic record section in the common offset gather seismic records and reading a two-dimensional array R1Performing the following steps;
third, logarithmic group R1SVD conversion is carried out to obtain a singular value matrix sigma;
SVD transform equation: U-VT
Wherein: s is an array R1Of (2) matrixThe form of expression; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; u is formed by SSTA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of (a); v is composed of STA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of S; sigma is a matrix formed by singular values;
singular value matrix:
wherein: sigma is a singular value; i is 1, 2, …, r, i is singular value number, singular value sigmaiArranged on the main diagonal of the matrix from large to small, i.e. sigma1≥σ2≥…≥σi≥…≥σr>0, the number of non-zero singular values is equal to the rank r of the matrix S, r ═ min { M, n };
fourthly, taking the singular value serial number as an abscissa and the amplitude value of the singular value as an ordinate to the singular value series { sigma1，σ2，…，σi，…，σrPlotting to form a singular value spectrum, then analyzing the characteristics of the singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit sigma of the SVD high-pass filtering factorh；
Fifthly, SVD high-pass filtering is implemented to extract diffracted waves according to the principle of sigmahReconstructing the seismic signal for the SVD high-pass filter factor lower limit to obtain an array R2；
SVD high-pass filtering reconstruction seismic signal equation:
wherein: r2Reconstructing seismic signals after SVD high-pass filtering; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; h, h +1, h +2, …, r, i are singular value serial numbers; r is the rank of matrix S, and r is min { M, n }; h is the singular value serial number of the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor, and h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to r; sigmaiIs the ith singular value of the matrix S; u. ofiIs the ith eigenvector of the matrix U; v. ofiIs a matrix VTThe ith feature vector of (1);
sixthly, outputting an array R according to the seismic data format during input2Completing a common offset earthquakeSVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing of the recording section;
seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step, and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset seismic record section of the whole measuring line to obtain diffracted wave seismic records of a common offset gather of the whole measuring line;
eighthly, selecting and arranging the separated diffracted waves according to the common shot point gather to obtain the diffracted wave seismic records of the common shot point gather;
and ninthly, carrying out offset imaging processing on the separated diffracted waves to obtain diffracted wave imaging sections.
2. The shot-domain SVD method of separating seismic diffracted waves of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, seismic data obtained by a single-side blasting and multiple-covering rolling acquisition technology, which comprises 150 guns, 48 guns per gun, 1000 sampling points per gun, 4m gun spacing and 2m track spacing, are sorted according to a common offset gather to form a common offset gather seismic record, wherein the common offset gather seismic record comprises 48 common offset seismic record sections, and each common offset seismic record section comprises 150 seismic channels;
secondly, extracting a common offset seismic record section in the common offset gather seismic records and reading a two-dimensional array R1Performing the following steps;
third, logarithmic group R1SVD conversion is carried out to obtain a singular value matrix sigma;
SVD transform equation: U-VT
Wherein: s is an array R1The matrix representation of (a); the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; u is formed by SSTA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of (a); v is composed of STA matrix formed by the eigenvalue vectors of S; sigma is a matrix formed by singular values;
singular value matrix:
wherein:sigma is a singular value; i is 1, 2, …, 150, i is singular value number, singular value sigmaiArranged on the main diagonal of the matrix from large to small, i.e. sigma1≥σ2≥…≥σi≥…≥σ150>0；
The fourth step: using singular value serial number as abscissa and amplitude value of singular value as ordinate to singular value series { sigma1，σ2，…，σi，…，σ150Plotting to form a singular value spectrum, then analyzing the characteristics of the singular value spectrum, and determining the lower limit sigma of the SVD high-pass filtering factor10＝68.2；
The fifth step: the SVD high-pass filtering is implemented to extract diffracted waves, and the principle is thath68.2, reconstructing the seismic signal for the lower limit of the SVD high-pass filter factor to obtain an array R2；
SVD high-pass filtering reconstruction seismic signal equation:
wherein: r2Reconstructing seismic signals after SVD high-pass filtering; the superscript T represents the matrix transposition; i is 10, 11, …, 150, i is singular value serial number; sigmaiIs the ith singular value of the matrix S; u. ofiIs the ith eigenvector of the matrix U; v. ofiIs a matrix VTThe ith feature vector of (1);
sixthly, outputting an array R according to the seismic data format during input2Then SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing of a common offset seismic recording section is completed;
seventhly, repeating the second step to the sixth step, and sequentially carrying out SVD high-pass filtering separation diffracted wave processing on each common offset seismic record section of the whole measuring line to obtain diffracted wave seismic records of a common offset gather of the whole measuring line;
eighthly, selecting and arranging the separated diffracted waves according to the common shot point gather to obtain the diffracted wave seismic records of the common shot point gather;
and ninthly, carrying out offset imaging processing on the separated diffracted waves to obtain diffracted wave imaging sections.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113945968A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Diffracted wave imaging method and device for discontinuous geologic body and electronic equipment |
| CN113945968B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Diffracted wave imaging method and device for discontinuous geologic body and electronic equipment |
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