CN110887755B - Device and method for abrasion resistance test - Google Patents
Device and method for abrasion resistance test Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887755B CN110887755B CN201811050845.6A CN201811050845A CN110887755B CN 110887755 B CN110887755 B CN 110887755B CN 201811050845 A CN201811050845 A CN 201811050845A CN 110887755 B CN110887755 B CN 110887755B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
Abstract
An apparatus for abrasion resistance testing, comprising: the ring block abrasion tester is respectively connected with the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit through the constant pressure control unit, a test pressure cabin, a heating device and a temperature control device are arranged in the ring block abrasion tester, the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit are connected in parallel on a refrigerant inlet pipeline, the constant pressure control unit is arranged on the refrigerant inlet pipeline between the vacuumizing unit and the test pressure cabin, the pressure of the test pressure chamber is changed by opening or closing the vacuumizing unit, so that the refrigerant in the refrigerant supply unit is injected into the test pressure chamber, the heating device heats the test pressure chamber, the heating device is heated to a test temperature and is maintained at the test temperature under the control of the temperature control device, and in the temperature rise process of the test pressure chamber, the constant pressure control unit is continuously regulated to maintain the pressure of the test pressure chamber at a certain test pressure value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for abrasion resistance testing, in particular to a device and a method for abrasion resistance testing in a mixed state of refrigerating machine oil and a refrigerant, and belongs to the technical field of research of refrigerating machine oil for laboratories.
Background
Antiwear performance is an important performance indicator for refrigerator oil products. The refrigerator oil forms a layer of oil film between the running-in surfaces, so that the motion friction force is reduced, the friction power consumption and the friction heat are reduced, the abrasion loss of parts is finally reduced, and the reliability and the durability of the operation of the compressor are improved.
In the operation process of the refrigeration compressor, the refrigerating machine oil is contacted with the refrigerant under certain pressure and temperature conditions, the refrigerant is dissolved into the refrigerating machine oil under the action of pressure, under the conditions of temperature, pressure and the like, the thicknesses of oil films formed on the surfaces of the friction pairs are different, and the actual abrasion resistance can be changed. The "friction reduction performance" in the mixed state of the refrigerator oil and the refrigerant greatly depends on the "compatibility" characteristic of the dissolved refrigerant and the refrigerator oil. At present, the standard lubricating oil anti-wear test methods at home and abroad are all to test the qualitative and quantitative changes of the contact state of a test piece and an oil product under certain speed, load, temperature and time conditions. In the actual running process of the refrigerating machine oil, the friction performance evaluation of the contact state of the three parts of the lubricating oil, the refrigerant and the workpiece has obvious defects.
The trend of technical research on refrigerating machine oil is to accurately perform an anti-wear test under the condition of mixing the refrigerating machine oil and a refrigerant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device for abrasion resistance test, which is characterized by comprising: the ring block abrasion tester is respectively connected with the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit through the constant pressure control unit, a test pressure cabin, a heating device and a temperature control device are arranged in the ring block abrasion tester, the test pressure cabin is connected with a sample introduction pipeline provided with a sample introduction valve, a sample introduction pipeline provided with a sample introduction valve and a drain pipeline provided with a drain valve, and the sample introduction pipeline is used for injecting the refrigerating machine oil into the test pressure cabin;
the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit are connected to the refrigerant inlet pipeline in parallel, the constant pressure control unit is arranged on the refrigerant inlet pipeline between the vacuumizing unit and the test pressure cabin, the pressure of the test pressure cabin is changed by opening or closing the vacuumizing unit, so that the refrigerant in the refrigerant supply unit is injected into the test pressure cabin, the heating device heats the test pressure cabin, the heating device is heated to a test temperature and is maintained at the test temperature under the control of the temperature control device, and the constant pressure control unit is continuously adjusted to maintain the pressure of the test pressure cabin at a test pressure value in the temperature rising process of the test pressure cabin.
In one embodiment, the vacuum pumping unit is provided with a vacuum pump and a vacuum buffer tank connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum buffer tank is provided with an emptying valve and a vacuum valve, and the vacuum buffer tank is connected with the constant pressure control unit through a vacuum valve.
In an embodiment, the refrigerant supply unit includes a refrigerant tank, a safety pressure release valve, and a pressure regulating valve, the refrigerant tank is provided with two outlets, one of the outlets is a refrigerant inlet and outlet, the refrigerant inlet and outlet is connected to the refrigerant inlet pipe through a high pressure resistant pipeline, the high pressure resistant pipeline is provided with a refrigerant valve and a pressure regulating valve, and the other outlet is connected to the safety pressure release valve.
In one embodiment, the refrigerant inlet and outlet are connected with a pressure sensor, and the high-pressure resistant pipeline is wrapped with an insulating layer.
In one embodiment, the ring wear tester is a farex ring tester, and the constant pressure control unit is a constant pressure valve.
The invention also discloses a method for abrasion resistance testing, which is suitable for an apparatus for abrasion resistance testing, and the apparatus comprises: ring piece wear tester, constant voltage control unit, evacuation unit, refrigerant supply unit, ring piece wear tester passes through constant voltage control unit respectively with evacuation unit, refrigerant supply unit connect, be equipped with experimental pressure cabin, heating device and temperature control device in the ring piece wear tester, and the external sampling pipeline that is equipped with the injection valve, be equipped with into the agent pipeline of agent valve and be equipped with the oil drain pipeline of oil drain valve, constant voltage control unit establishes between evacuation unit and experimental pressure cabin advance on the agent pipeline, its characterized in that, this method includes following step:
step 2, opening a vacuumizing unit, and vacuumizing the whole device until the pressure in the test pressure chamber is smaller than the pressure of the refrigerant supply unit;
step 4, heating a test pressure chamber of the ring block abrasion tester, continuously heating to a test temperature, and continuously adjusting a constant pressure valve in the heating process to keep the test pressure in the test pressure chamber constant at a test pressure value all the time;
step 5, when the temperature reaches the test temperature, the test pressure chamber is maintained for at least 1 hour at the test pressure value and the test temperature, so that the refrigerant is fully dissolved in the refrigerator oil;
step 6, starting the ring block abrasion tester to perform an abrasion test;
step 7, after the test is finished, opening the test pressure chamber, taking out the test ring and the test block, cleaning the test block by using a cleaning agent, drying and weighing;
and 8, testing the width and the depth of the grinding crack of the test block.
In one embodiment, step 1 further comprises injecting 120 ± 5ml of the refrigerating machine oil into the test pressure chamber, wherein the volume of the refrigerating machine oil is two thirds of the volume of the test pressure chamber.
In one embodiment, step 2 further comprises,
step 21, opening the agent inlet valve and the constant pressure control unit, starting the vacuumizing unit, vacuumizing the whole device for 30 minutes until the test pressure value in the test pressure chamber is reduced to below 50 Pa;
step 22, adjusting the vacuumizing unit until the vacuumizing unit is balanced with the external atmospheric pressure;
and step 23, opening the refrigerant inlet valve, closing the constant pressure control unit, starting the refrigerant supply unit to complete the injection of the refrigerant into the test pressure chamber, and then slowly opening the constant pressure control unit until the pressure of the test pressure chamber reaches the test pressure value of 500 KPa.
In one embodiment, step 6 further comprises performing wear testing under test conditions comprising: the test temperature (80 +/-1) DEG C, the test time (3600 +/-2) s, the rotating speed (300 +/-3) r/min, the loading load 2225N and the test pressure value 500 KPa.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the abrasion resistance testing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wear tester for ring blocks according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 2.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
ring block abrasion tester 1
Loading air pump 13
Transmission main shaft 14
Wear gauge 15
Test pressure chamber 2
Refrigerant supply unit 4
Constant pressure valve A
Atmospheric valve B
Sample injection valve C
Oil drain valve D
Advance agent valve E
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the abrasion resistance testing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wear tester for ring blocks according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus for abrasion resistance test includes: ring piece wear tester 1, constant voltage control unit, evacuation unit 3, refrigerant supply unit 4, ring piece wear tester passes through constant voltage control unit respectively with evacuation unit, refrigerant supply unit 4 connect, be equipped with experimental pressure cabin 2 in the ring piece wear tester 1, experimental pressure cabin 2 is connected with the sampling line that is equipped with injection valve C, is equipped with the feeding pipeline that advances agent valve E and is equipped with the oil drain pipeline that oil drain valve D, the sampling line is used for injecting into refrigerator oil extremely in the experimental pressure cabin 2.
The vacuumizing unit 3 and the refrigerant supply unit 4 are connected in parallel to the refrigerant inlet pipeline, a constant pressure valve a is arranged on the refrigerant inlet pipeline between the vacuumizing unit 3 and the refrigerant inlet valve E, the pressure of the test pressure chamber 2 is changed by opening or closing the vacuumizing unit 3, the test pressure chamber 2 is enabled to be under a certain set pressure under the regulation of the constant pressure valve a, the refrigerant in the refrigerant supply unit 4 is injected into the test pressure chamber 2 under the set pressure, and the test pressure chamber 2 is used for storing the injected refrigerating machine oil or/and the refrigerant.
Because the domestic and foreign standard lubricating oil anti-wear performance test methods are all used for testing the qualitative and quantitative changes of the contact state of a test piece and an oil product under certain speed, load, temperature and time conditions, the test piece is in the environment with both refrigerating machine oil and refrigerant, and is relatively close to the real operating environment. In an embodiment of the invention, the vacuumizing unit 3 is provided with a vacuum pump 312 and a vacuum buffer tank 31 connected with the vacuum pump 312, the vacuum buffer tank 31 is provided with an emptying valve B and a vacuum pipeline, and the vacuum pipeline is connected with the constant pressure valve A through a vacuum valve 311.
The refrigerant supply unit 4 includes a refrigerant tank 41, a safety pressure release valve (not shown), and a pressure regulating valve (not shown), the refrigerant tank 41 has two outlets, one of the outlets is a refrigerant inlet and outlet, the refrigerant inlet and outlet is connected to the refrigerant inlet pipe through a high pressure resistant pipeline, the high pressure resistant pipeline is provided with a refrigerant valve 411 and a pressure regulating valve, and the other outlet is connected to the safety pressure release valve.
The refrigerant inlet and outlet are connected with a pressure sensor, and the high-pressure resistant pipeline is wrapped with an insulating layer.
The ring block abrasion tester can adopt a Farex ring block tester, and the structure of the Farex ring block tester and the abrasion resistance test of the engine oil are the prior art.
The test pressure cabin 2 of the ring block abrasion tester is provided with a heating and temperature control module, a load loading module and a safety pressure release valve, wherein the heating and temperature control module is used for adjusting the temperature in the test pressure cabin 2 to ensure that a test piece is at a certain temperature, a vacuumizing unit 3 is used for making the test pressure cabin 2 under a certain set pressure through the combined adjustment of a constant pressure valve A, and the test pressure cabin 2 is further provided with the safety pressure release valve which sets the release pressure to be less than the maximum working pressure of the test cabin, so that the test pressure cabin 2 of the ring block abrasion tester is under the controllable pressure and temperature conditions.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a ring block abrasion tester according to the present invention, and fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 2. The test pressure chamber 2 is also provided with a wear measuring meter 15, a transmission main shaft 14, a test frame, a test ring 12 and a pressure test block 11, wherein the test ring 12 is arranged on the transmission main shaft 14. Certain load is loaded between the test ring 12 and the pressure test block 11 so as to increase the load of the ring surface of the test ring 12, and the load loading module is installed on the test block frame. The software control system controls the rotating speed required by the test pressure chamber through the variable frequency speed regulator, and controls the loading air pump 13 to provide the load required by the test through the signal of the pressure sensor. The lower part of the ring block abrasion tester is externally connected with the loading air pump 13, air enters the loading air pump 13 to jack the piston, the lever is driven to move upwards, meanwhile, the load lever is pulled to move downwards, pressure is applied to the pressure test block 11, loading of test load is completed, and how the ring block abrasion tester realizes the loading load is the prior art, and detailed description is omitted here.
The invention provides a method for testing abrasion resistance, which is suitable for being used in a mixed state of refrigerating machine oil and refrigerant, and adopts the device for testing abrasion resistance, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 2, opening a vacuumizing unit 3, and vacuumizing the whole device until the pressure in the test pressure chamber is smaller than the pressure of the refrigerant supply unit;
step 4, heating a test pressure chamber of the ring block abrasion tester, continuously heating to a test temperature of 80 +/-1 ℃, continuously adjusting a constant pressure valve A in the heating process, and keeping the test pressure in the test pressure chamber constant at a test pressure value all the time;
step 5, when the temperature reaches the test temperature, the test pressure chamber is maintained for at least 1 hour at the test pressure value and the test temperature, so that the refrigerant is fully dissolved in the refrigerator oil;
step 6, starting the ring block abrasion tester to perform an abrasion test;
step 7, after the test is finished, opening the test pressure chamber, taking out the test ring 12 and the pressure test block 11, and cleaning, drying and weighing the pressure test block 11 by using a cleaning agent;
and 8, testing the width and the depth of the grinding crack of the pressure test block 11.
The step 2 further comprises the step of,
step 21, opening an agent inlet valve E and a constant pressure valve A, starting a vacuumizing unit 3, vacuumizing the whole device for 30 minutes until the test pressure value in a test pressure chamber is reduced to below 50 Pa;
step 22, adjusting the vacuumizing unit 3 until the vacuumizing unit is balanced with the external atmospheric pressure;
and step 23, opening the refrigerant inlet valve E, closing the constant pressure valve A, opening the refrigerant supply unit, completing the injection of the refrigerant from the refrigerant tank 41 to the test pressure chamber, and then slowly opening the constant pressure valve A until the pressure of the test pressure chamber reaches the test pressure value of 500 KPa.
And the step 6 also comprises the test conditions when the abrasion test is carried out, as shown in table 1 or table 2, and when the test conditions are shown in table 1, the test conditions comprise the test temperature (80 +/-1) DEG C, the test time (3600 +/-2) s, the rotating speed (300 +/-3) r/min, the loading load 2225N and the test pressure value 500 KPa.
TABLE 1 refrigerant R134a Friction wear test conditions
TABLE 2 refrigerant R22 Friction wear test conditions
The test was started by resting the refrigerator oil and refrigerant at a temperature of 80 + -1 deg.C for 1 hour at the selected refrigerant test pressure. The main shaft of the testing machine drives the testing ring to rotate on the static test block. The rotating speed of the main shaft is 300 +/-3 r/min, and the test time is 3600 +/-2 s. A certain load is loaded between the test ring and the test block, and the abrasion resistance of the refrigerator oil and the refrigerant under the coexistence condition can be obtained by observing the surface abrasion marks (the width and the depth of the abrasion marks) and the weight loss of the test block.
The following is a specific example illustrating the advantages of using the apparatus and method of the present invention:
two polyol ester type synthetic refrigerator oil A, B are selected for testing, and compared with a reference oil result, the influence of the oil type on the friction performance of the refrigerator oil is inspected. Two physical and chemical properties of the polyol ester type synthetic refrigerator oil A, B are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 physical and chemical Properties of polyol ester type synthetic refrigerator oil A, B
The test procedure was as follows:
step one, injecting about 120 +/-5 ml of test oil into a test pressure chamber (the volume of the test oil accounts for two thirds of the volume of the test pressure chamber).
And step two, connecting a vacuum pump, a vacuum buffer tank 31, testing machine equipment, a constant pressure valve and a refrigerant tank by using a vacuum pipeline as shown in figure 1.
Opening a refrigerant inlet valve E, a constant pressure valve A, a vacuum valve and an emptying valve B of the test pressure chamber, and closing an outlet valve of the refrigerant tank; and (3) starting a vacuum pump, slowly closing an emptying valve B of the vacuum buffer tank 31, vacuumizing the system for 30 minutes until the residual pressure in the system is reduced to below 50 Pa. Closing the vacuum valve and the vacuum pump in sequence, and slowly opening the emptying valve B at the same time until the pressure in the vacuum buffer tank 31 is balanced with the external atmospheric pressure; and then ensuring that the refrigerant inlet valve E of the test pressure chamber is in an open state, closing the constant pressure valve A, opening the refrigerant outlet valve to a completely open state, and then slowly opening the constant pressure valve A until the pressure in the system reaches a set value (see table 4), thereby finishing the injection of the refrigerant from the refrigerant tank to the test pressure chamber.
And step four, opening the heating function of the test pressure chamber, setting the temperature to be 80 +/-1 ℃, and slowly adjusting the constant pressure valve in the temperature rising process to keep the pressure in the system to be constant at a set value all the time (see table 4). After the temperature reached, the temperature was maintained at the set test pressure (see table 4) for 1 hour to allow sufficient dissolution of the refrigerant into the test oil.
And step five, testing according to the test conditions specified in the table 4.
TABLE 4 refrigerant R134a Friction wear test conditions
| Test temperature/. degree.C | Test time/s | Rotational speed/r/min | Test load/N | Test pressure/KPa |
| 80±1 | 3600±2 | 300±3 | 2225 | 500 |
And step six, after the test is finished, after the temperature of the test pressure chamber is reduced to the room temperature, discharging the oil solution mixed liquor from an oil sample emptying valve at the lower part of the test pressure chamber into a waste liquor recoverer.
And step seven, opening the test pressure chamber, taking out the test ring and the test block, cleaning the test block by using a cleaning agent, drying and weighing.
Weight loss calculation: weight loss-mass of test block before test-mass of test block after test in mg
Step eight, testing the width and the depth of the grinding crack of the test block in unit mm
The test results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 test results Table
As can be seen from Table 5, the test results are distinguished well, and the device and the method provided by the invention can be used for easily distinguishing the influence degree of different types of inspected oil products on the friction performance of the refrigerating machine oil.
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for abrasion resistance testing using an abrasion resistance testing apparatus comprising: ring piece wear tester, constant voltage control unit, evacuation unit, refrigerant supply unit, ring piece wear tester passes through constant voltage control unit respectively with evacuation unit, refrigerant supply unit connect, be equipped with experimental pressure cabin, heating device and temperature control device in the ring piece wear tester, and the external sampling pipeline that is equipped with the injection valve, be equipped with into the agent pipeline of agent valve and be equipped with the oil drain pipeline of oil drain valve, constant voltage control unit establishes between evacuation unit and experimental pressure cabin advance on the agent pipeline, its characterized in that, this method includes following step:
step 1, injecting refrigerating machine oil into a test pressure chamber of a ring block abrasion tester;
step 2, opening a vacuumizing unit, and vacuumizing the whole device until the pressure in the test pressure chamber is smaller than the pressure of the refrigerant supply unit;
step 3, opening a refrigerant supply unit, injecting the refrigerant into the test pressure chamber from the refrigerant supply unit, and mixing the refrigerant with the refrigerating machine oil;
step 4, heating a test pressure chamber of the ring block abrasion tester, continuously heating to a test temperature, and continuously adjusting a constant pressure valve in the heating process to keep the test pressure in the test pressure chamber constant at a test pressure value all the time;
step 5, when the temperature reaches the test temperature, the test pressure chamber is maintained for at least 1 hour at the test pressure value and the test temperature, so that the refrigerant is fully dissolved in the refrigerator oil;
step 6, starting the ring block abrasion tester to perform an abrasion test;
step 7, after the test is finished, opening the test pressure chamber, taking out the test ring and the test block, cleaning the test block by using a cleaning agent, drying and weighing;
and 8, testing the width and the depth of the grinding crack of the test block.
2. The method for abrasion resistance testing according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 further comprises injecting 120 ± 5ml of the refrigerating machine oil into the test pressure chamber, the refrigerating machine oil occupying two thirds of the volume of the test pressure chamber.
3. The method for abrasion resistance testing according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 further comprises,
step 21, opening the agent inlet valve and the constant pressure control unit, starting the vacuumizing unit, vacuumizing the whole device for 30 minutes until the test pressure value in the test pressure chamber is reduced to below 50 Pa;
step 22, adjusting the vacuumizing unit until the vacuumizing unit is balanced with the external atmospheric pressure;
and step 23, opening the refrigerant inlet valve, closing the constant pressure control unit, starting the refrigerant supply unit to complete the injection of the refrigerant into the test pressure chamber, and then slowly opening the constant pressure control unit until the pressure of the test pressure chamber reaches the test pressure value of 500 KPa.
4. The method for abrasion resistance testing according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 further comprises the test conditions when performing the abrasion test comprising: the test temperature (80 +/-1) DEG C, the test time (3600 +/-2) s, the rotating speed (300 +/-3) r/min, the loading load 2225N and the test pressure value 500 KPa.
5. The method for abrasion resistance test according to claim 1, wherein the abrasion resistance test device comprises: the ring block abrasion tester is respectively connected with the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit through the constant pressure control unit, a test pressure cabin, a heating device and a temperature control device are arranged in the ring block abrasion tester, the test pressure cabin is connected with a sample introduction pipeline provided with a sample introduction valve, a sample introduction pipeline provided with a sample introduction valve and a drain pipeline provided with a drain valve, and the sample introduction pipeline is used for injecting the refrigerating machine oil into the test pressure cabin;
the vacuumizing unit and the refrigerant supply unit are connected to the refrigerant inlet pipeline in parallel, the constant pressure control unit is arranged on the refrigerant inlet pipeline between the vacuumizing unit and the test pressure cabin, the pressure of the test pressure cabin is changed by opening or closing the vacuumizing unit, so that the refrigerant in the refrigerant supply unit is injected into the test pressure cabin, the heating device heats the test pressure cabin, the heating device is heated to a test temperature and is maintained at the test temperature under the control of the temperature control device, and the constant pressure control unit is continuously adjusted to maintain the pressure of the test pressure cabin at a test pressure value in the temperature rising process of the test pressure cabin.
6. The method for abrasion resistance testing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vacuum pumping unit is provided with a vacuum pump, a vacuum buffer tank connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum buffer tank is provided with a blow valve, a vacuum valve, and the vacuum buffer tank is connected with the constant pressure control unit through a vacuum valve.
7. The method for abrasion resistance testing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the refrigerant supply unit comprises a refrigerant tank, a relief pressure relief valve, and a pressure regulating valve, the refrigerant tank is provided with two outlets, one of the outlets is a refrigerant inlet and outlet, the refrigerant inlet and outlet is connected to the refrigerant inlet pipe through a high pressure resistant line, the high pressure resistant line is provided with a refrigerant valve and a pressure regulating valve, and the other outlet is connected to the relief pressure relief valve.
8. The method for abrasion resistance testing as claimed in claim 7, wherein a pressure sensor is connected to the refrigerant inlet and outlet, and the high pressure resistant pipeline is wrapped with an insulation layer.
9. The method for abrasion resistance test according to claim 5, wherein the ring block abrasion tester is a farex ring block tester and the constant pressure control unit is a constant pressure valve.
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| CN1875272A (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2006-12-06 | 切夫里昂奥罗尼特有限责任公司 | High throughput screening methods for lubricating oil compositions |
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| CN101718668A (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2010-06-02 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Method for judging optimum addition of antiwear additive |
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