CN110887748B - Ice collecting device and device for measuring shear strength between ice layer and fixed wall - Google Patents
Ice collecting device and device for measuring shear strength between ice layer and fixed wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887748B CN110887748B CN201911213457.XA CN201911213457A CN110887748B CN 110887748 B CN110887748 B CN 110887748B CN 201911213457 A CN201911213457 A CN 201911213457A CN 110887748 B CN110887748 B CN 110887748B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ice collecting unit which is arranged on an upright post, wherein the upright post penetrates through the inside of the ice collecting unit and comprises a shell and a cylindrical test piece which is arranged in the shell and provided with an arc-shaped side surface; an ice collecting window is arranged on the windward side of the shell and has a radian matched with the arc-shaped side surface of the test piece; through the supporting component arranged between the test piece and the stand column, the test piece is tightly attached to the ice collecting window without a gap. The ice collecting device and the device for measuring the shear strength between the ice layer and the fixed wall comprise the ice collecting unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ice collecting unit, an ice collecting device and a device for measuring the shear strength between an ice layer and a fixed wall, and belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel test measurement.
Background
When an aircraft flies in an icing area (with the altitude of 2 km-8 km), the front edge (wings, horizontal tails, vertical tails, cabins, engine air inlet lips and the like) of the aircraft is easy to freeze, and the aerodynamic performance is reduced and the flight safety is damaged. For ice that has already formed, it must be removed as quickly as possible, and one of the design input parameters for the ice detachment apparatus is the shear strength between the ice and the solid wall (leading edge of the aircraft), and therefore, it is particularly necessary to accurately measure or estimate this shear strength. A test piece made of a certain material to be measured is placed in an icing environment, ice is collected after the test piece is iced on the surface of the test piece under the condition of given icing parameters, and the shearing strength between the ice and the solid wall made of the material is measured by a measuring device after the ice is collected, so that the shearing strength between the ice and the solid wall made of the different material can be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in view of the above problems, the present invention provides an ice collecting unit, an ice collecting device, and a shear strength measuring device between an ice layer and a fixed wall, which can collect ice on a surface of a test piece and measure the shear strength of the ice and the test piece.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ice collecting unit is arranged on an upright post, the upright post penetrates through the interior of the ice collecting unit, and the ice collecting unit comprises a shell and a cylindrical test piece which is arranged in the shell and provided with an arc-shaped side surface;
an ice collecting window is arranged on the windward side of the shell and has a radian matched with the arc-shaped side surface of the test piece; through the supporting component arranged between the test piece and the stand column, the test piece is tightly attached to the ice collecting window without a gap.
In the present invention, the purpose of the ice collecting unit is to freeze the surface of a test piece made of a material to be measured in an icing environment, and further to measure the shear strength between the ice and the solid wall made of the material. The windward side setting of this scheme has the ice collection window that matches the radian with test piece arc side, and test piece arc side is the ice collection measuring surface, and test piece arc side closely laminates with the ice collection window, and in freezing the environment, only freezes in the ice collection window region on the surface of test piece arc side, accomplishes the ice collection of test piece for measure the shear strength between ice and the test piece solid wall. The shape of the ice collecting surface on the test piece is an arc shape which simulates the easy icing area of an aircraft when the aircraft flies in the easy icing environment.
Preferably, the test piece is cylindrical, and the cylindrical test piece is convenient to manufacture.
Preferably, a notch is arranged at the position, corresponding to the test piece, of the bottom of the shell, and a protruding part matched with the notch in size is arranged at the bottom of the test piece.
In the above scheme, the arrangement of the convex part is to make the convex part contact with the measuring device, the test piece moves upwards by applying force to the test piece through the convex part, ice is blocked by the ice collecting window and cannot move, the test piece is peeled off from the ice, the force applied at the moment is the shearing force between the ice layer and the solid wall of the test piece, and the ratio of the force to the area of the icing area is the shearing strength.
Preferably, the test piece and the top of the shell are provided with a test piece moving space.
In the above scheme, when the shear strength is measured, the test piece has an upward moving space after the force is applied, so that the ice and the test piece can be peeled.
Preferably, the bottom of the windward side is provided with a windshield for shielding the convex part.
In the above scheme, the windshield covers the protruding part, and the protruding part is prevented from being frozen to influence measurement.
Preferably, the supporting component comprises a double-head internal thread pipe with opposite threads, a test piece supporting part and an upright post supporting part, wherein the test piece supporting part and the upright post supporting part are respectively provided with a screw matched with the threads at two ends of the double-head internal thread pipe.
In the scheme, the supporting component passes through a reverse double-head internal threaded pipe, the supporting part of the test piece is matched with one end of the supporting part of the test piece through a matched screw rod, and the supporting part of the upright post is matched with the other end of the supporting part of the upright post through a matched screw rod; by rotating the threaded pipe, the test piece supporting part and the upright post supporting part can simultaneously and outwards support or relax; therefore, in the ice collection stage, the double-end internal thread pipe is screwed down, the two ends of the double-end internal thread pipe are simultaneously expanded outwards, so that the supporting assembly is firmly propped between the test piece and the stand column, and the test piece and the ice collection window are tightly attached without a gap; when needing to measure the shearing force and take off supporting component, unscrew double-end internal thread pipe, both ends are retrieved and can be easily taken off.
Preferably, the supporting ends of the test piece supporting part and the stand column supporting part are respectively matched with the test piece and the stand column. Support the end and match just can better with test piece, stand laminating, better play the supporting role.
Preferably, the test piece is provided with a supporting groove matched with the supporting end of the test piece supporting part. The supporting groove is arranged to limit the test piece supporting part in the supporting groove and prevent the test piece supporting part from sliding, so that the test piece supporting part can better play a supporting role.
Preferably, an operation window is arranged at the position, corresponding to the double-head internal threaded pipe, of the side face of the shell. The purpose of the operating window is to tighten the support assembly with a wrench or the like through the operating window when necessary, and the operating window is sealed with a sealing means (e.g., sealing compound) when ice is collected.
Preferably, the windward side is a windward side with a smooth cambered surface. The windward side is provided with a smooth cambered surface so as to reduce wind resistance.
Preferably, the front end of the shell is in a smooth cylindrical shape, the rear end of the shell is in a triangular cylindrical shape, the two side plates are fixed at the tail part of the shell through screws, and the side plates are connected with the end connecting end through hinges, so that the side plates can be opened.
The invention also comprises an ice collecting device which comprises the ice collecting unit and comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and an upright post arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate; the upright post is provided with a plurality of ice collecting units, and the upright post penetrates through the inner space of the ice collecting units.
According to the ice collecting device, the plurality of upright columns can be arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and each upright column can be provided with the plurality of ice collecting units, so that ice formed by a plurality of icing test pieces or icing test pieces made of different materials can be collected at one time.
The invention also comprises a device for measuring the shear strength between the ice layer and the fixed wall, which comprises the ice collecting device and a force measuring device, wherein the force measuring device comprises a bottom supporting part, a supporting rod and a force applying rod, one end of the force applying rod is provided with a force measuring sensor, a through hole is arranged on the force applying rod close to the force measuring sensor, a through hole is arranged on the supporting rod, and the force applying rod and the supporting rod form a lever through a connecting rod penetrating through the through hole.
In the invention, the force sensor at one end of the force application rod is contacted with the bulge at the bottom of the test piece, the other end of the force application rod applies downward force to enable the force sensor to push upwards, the test piece moves upwards, the ice layer is limited by the ice collection window and cannot move, the ice layer is peeled from the fixed wall of the test piece, when the test piece moves upwards and is peeled from the ice layer, the force measured by the force sensor is the shearing force between the ice layer and the fixed wall of the test piece, and the ratio of the force to the area of an icing area is the shearing strength.
It should be noted that the support assemblies need to be removed before measurement, and the outer strut assemblies are prefabricated between each row of ice collection units and the upper floor of the wind tunnel, so as to improve the structural rigidity of the device.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of through holes are formed in the support rods at different heights, and the force application rods are matched with the through holes at different heights to form levers at different heights so as to be matched with the ice collecting units at different heights on the upright posts.
Preferably, the supporting rod is a hollow supporting rod, and the force application rod can penetrate through the hollow space of the supporting rod.
Preferably, the top of the support rod is provided with a top rod assembly, and the top rod assembly comprises a top support part and an adjusting screw rod; the top of the supporting rod is provided with a screw hole which is matched and communicated with the adjusting screw rod, and the height of the ejector rod assembly is adjusted through the adjusting screw rod and the screw hole.
By adjusting the height of the ejector rod component, the ejector rod component abuts against the upper floor of the wind tunnel, so that the whole measuring device is more stable.
Preferably, the adjusting screw is provided with an adjusting handle. The height of the ejector rod assembly can be adjusted more conveniently by arranging the adjusting handle.
Preferably, the force application rod is provided with a force application handle opposite to the other end of the force sensor. The force is more conveniently applied through the force application handle.
Preferably, the bottom plate is provided with teeth and portions matching the shape of the bottom support portion, and the bottom support portion is further fixed so as not to move.
Preferably, the load cell is a load cell.
According to the ice collecting unit, the test piece is tightly attached to the ice collecting window through the supporting component, and in an icing environment, the surface of the test piece is only iced in the area of the ice collecting window; the ice collecting device can obtain ice formed by a plurality of icing test pieces or icing test pieces made of different materials at one time; a shear strength measuring device between an ice layer and a fixed wall measures the shear strength between the ice layer and the fixed wall of a test piece through the cooperation of a force application lever and an ice collecting device.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the test piece is extruded and fixed between the ice collecting window and the upright column by the supporting assembly, the test piece and the ice collecting window are tightly attached without a gap, and supercooled water drops in cloud mist are prevented from impacting, overflowing to other areas of the test piece and freezing during the test so as to eliminate the influence of additional adhesive force;
2. the structure is simple, and ice formed by a plurality of icing test pieces or icing test pieces made of different materials can be obtained at one time;
3. the practicality is stronger, can be applied to and measure the frozen back of different material experimental parts, the shear strength between ice sheet and solid wall.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ice collection unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an internal structure of the ice collecting unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ice collection window;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an ice collection apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a shear strength measuring device between an ice layer and a fixed wall;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a force measuring device;
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of the shear strength measurement device measuring the force between the ice layer and the solid wall.
The labels in the figure are: 1-shell, 2-test piece, 3-support component, 4-upright post, 5-force measuring device, 6-ejector rod component, 7-outer ejector rod component, 11-windward side, 12-ice collecting window, 13-windshield, 14-operating window, 21-bulge, 22-test piece moving space, 31-double-end internal thread pipe, 32-test piece support part, 33-upright post support part, 41-ice collecting unit, 42-top plate, 43-bottom plate, 44-tooth and part, 51-force applying rod, 52-support rod, 53-force measuring sensor, 54-bottom support part, 55-force applying handle, 61-top support part, 62-adjusting screw rod and 63-adjusting handle.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
As shown in fig. 1, an ice collecting unit of the present embodiment, which is mounted on a pillar 4, the pillar 4 penetrating through the inside of the ice collecting unit 41, includes a case 1 and a cylindrical test piece 2 disposed inside the case 1; an ice collecting window 12 is arranged on the windward side 11 of the shell 1, and the ice collecting window 12 has a radian matched with the arc-shaped side surface of the test piece 2; the test piece 2 is tightly attached to the ice collecting window 12 without a gap through the supporting component 3 arranged between the test piece 2 and the upright post 4;
a notch is arranged at the position corresponding to the test piece 2 at the bottom of the shell 1, a protruding part 21 matched with the notch in size is arranged at the bottom of the test piece 2, and a test piece moving space 22 is formed between the test piece 2 and the top of the shell 1; the windward side 11 is provided with a smooth cambered surface, the bottom of the windward side 11 is provided with a windshield 13 for covering the convex part 21, and the side surface of the shell 1 corresponding to the double-head internal threaded pipe 31 is provided with an operation window 14;
the supporting component 3 comprises a double-ended internal threaded pipe 31 with opposite threads, a test piece supporting part 32 and an upright supporting part 33, wherein the test piece supporting part 32 and the upright supporting part 33 are respectively provided with a screw rod matched with the threads at two ends of the double-ended internal threaded pipe 31; the supporting ends of the test piece supporting part 32 and the stand column supporting part 33 are respectively matched with the test piece 2 and the stand column 4, and the test piece 2 is provided with a supporting groove matched with the supporting end of the test piece supporting part 32;
the front end of the shell 1 is in a smooth cylindrical shape, the rear end of the shell is in a triangular cylindrical shape, the two side plates are fixed at the tail part through screws, and the side plates are connected with the end connecting end through hinges, so that the side plates can be opened.
The present embodiment further includes an ice collecting device including the ice collecting unit 41, which includes a top plate 42, a bottom plate 43, and a pillar 4 disposed between the bottom plate 43 and the top plate 42; a plurality of ice collecting units 41 are provided on the pillar 4, and the pillar 4 passes through the inner space of the ice collecting units 41; between the top plate 42 and the bottom plate 43, 3 columns 4 may be disposed, and 3 ice collecting units 41 may be disposed on each column 4.
The embodiment also comprises a device for measuring the shear strength between the ice layer and the fixed wall, which comprises the ice collecting device and a force measuring device 5, wherein the force measuring device 5 comprises a bottom supporting part 54, a supporting rod 52 and a force applying rod 51, one end of the force applying rod 51 is provided with a weighing sensor, a through hole is arranged on the force applying rod 51 close to the weighing sensor, 3 groups of through holes are arranged on the supporting rod 52, and the force applying rod 51 and the supporting rod 52 form a lever through a connecting rod penetrating through the through holes; the supporting rod 52 is a hollow supporting rod 52, the force application rod 51 can penetrate through the hollow space of the supporting rod 52, and the other end of the force application rod 51, which is opposite to the weighing sensor, is provided with a force application handle 55; the top of the strut 52 is provided with a mandril assembly 6, and the mandril assembly 6 comprises a top supporting part 61 and an adjusting screw rod 62; the top of the supporting rod 52 is provided with a screw hole which is matched and communicated with the adjusting screw rod 62, the height of the mandril assembly 6 is adjusted through the adjusting screw rod 62 and the screw hole, and the adjusting screw rod 62 is provided with an adjusting handle 63; the base plate 43 is provided with teeth and portions 44 that match the shape of the bottom support 54.
Through the ice collecting unit of the embodiment, the surface of the test piece is only frozen at the ice collecting window, and the test piece is tightly attached to the ice collecting window without a gap, so that supercooled water drops in cloud mist during the test are prevented from impacting, overflowing to other areas of the test piece and freezing, and the influence of additional adhesion is eliminated; the ice collecting device can obtain ice formed by a plurality of icing test pieces or icing test pieces made of different materials at one time, and is convenient to measure and use; the shear strength measuring device between the ice layer and the fixed wall needs to take down the supporting component before measurement, and the outer supporting rod component is prefabricated between each row of ice collecting units and the floor on the wind tunnel, so that the structural rigidity of the device is improved.
According to the shear strength measuring device between the ice layer and the fixed wall, the force application rod and the supporting rod can be adjusted to be connected at different positions, levers with different heights and ice collecting units at different height positions on the stand columns are formed for testing, and the position of the force measuring device is moved to enable the force measuring device to measure the ice collecting units on each stand column.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. An ice collection device, comprising: comprises a top plate (42), a bottom plate (43) and a vertical column (4) arranged between the bottom plate (43) and the top plate (42); the upright post (4) is provided with a plurality of ice collecting units (41), and the upright post (4) penetrates through the inner space of the ice collecting units (41);
the ice collecting unit (41) comprises a shell (1) and a cylindrical test piece (2) which is arranged in the shell (1) and provided with an arc-shaped side surface;
an ice collecting window (12) is arranged on the windward side (11) of the shell (1), and the ice collecting window (12) has a radian matched with the arc-shaped side surface of the test piece (2); through the supporting component (3) arranged between the test piece (2) and the upright post (4), the test piece (2) is tightly attached to the ice collecting window (12) without a gap.
2. An ice collection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the corresponding position of a test piece (2) at the bottom of the shell (1) is provided with a notch, and the bottom of the test piece (2) is provided with a protruding part (21) matched with the notch in size.
3. An ice collection apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bottom of the windward side (11) is provided with a windshield (13) for shielding the convex part (21).
4. An ice collection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the test piece (2) and the top of the shell (1) are provided with a test piece moving space (22).
5. An ice collection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: support assembly (3) are including the mutual reverse double-end internal thread pipe of screw thread (31), testpieces supporting part (32) and stand supporting part (33) have respectively with the screw rod of double-end internal thread pipe (31) both ends screw thread matching.
6. An ice collection apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and the test piece (2) is provided with a supporting groove matched with the supporting end of the test piece supporting part (32).
7. An apparatus for measuring shear strength between an ice layer and a fixed wall, comprising the ice collecting device according to claim 1, wherein: the force measuring device comprises a force measuring device body (5), the force measuring device body (5) comprises a bottom supporting portion (54), a supporting rod (52) and a force applying rod (51), a force measuring sensor (53) is arranged at one end of the force applying rod (51), a through hole is formed in the position, close to the force measuring sensor (53), of the force applying rod (51), a through hole is formed in the supporting rod (52), and the force applying rod (51) and the supporting rod (52) form a lever through a connecting rod penetrating through the through hole.
8. The apparatus for measuring shear strength between an ice layer and a fixed wall according to claim 7, wherein: the supporting rod (52) is a hollow supporting rod (52), and the force application rod (51) can penetrate through the hollow space of the supporting rod (52).
9. The apparatus for measuring shear strength between an ice layer and a fixed wall according to claim 8, wherein: the top of the support rod (52) is provided with a mandril assembly (6), and the mandril assembly (6) comprises a top support part (61) and an adjusting screw rod (62); the top of the support rod (52) is provided with a screw hole which is matched and communicated with the adjusting screw rod (62), and the height of the ejector rod assembly (6) is adjusted through the adjusting screw rod (62) and the screw hole.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911213457.XA CN110887748B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Ice collecting device and device for measuring shear strength between ice layer and fixed wall |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911213457.XA CN110887748B (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Ice collecting device and device for measuring shear strength between ice layer and fixed wall |
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| CN110887748A CN110887748A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
| CN110887748B true CN110887748B (en) | 2022-06-24 |
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| CN113484235B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-03-14 | 东北农业大学 | Device for measuring ice adhesion strength on surface of wind turbine blade |
| CN116136484B (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-10-24 | 东北农业大学 | Mechanism, device and test method for measuring icing bonding strength of airfoil blade |
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| CN204788884U (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳发动机设计研究所 | Closed ice wind tunnel test piece bearing structure |
| CN105277485A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-27 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Ice and object surface adhesion force measuring device |
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| GB2511343B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-07-22 | Gkn Aerospace Services Ltd | Ice protection system |
| GB2550427B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-10-02 | Gkn Aerospace Services Ltd | Ice test devices |
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| CN105277485A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-27 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Ice and object surface adhesion force measuring device |
| CN107036913A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-11 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | A kind of shear strength measuring method between ice sheet and solid material based on icing wind tunnel experimental section |
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