CN110885309B - 一种pH敏感型探针分子及其应用 - Google Patents

一种pH敏感型探针分子及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110885309B
CN110885309B CN201911132740.XA CN201911132740A CN110885309B CN 110885309 B CN110885309 B CN 110885309B CN 201911132740 A CN201911132740 A CN 201911132740A CN 110885309 B CN110885309 B CN 110885309B
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周小满
宋志辉
张建健
李想
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Vickers Biotechnology Wuhan Co ltd
Zhishengyuan Health Technology Wuhan Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种pH敏感型探针分子及其应用,属于生物医药技术领域。本发明提供的基于N‑羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)与氨基共价结合激发荧光基团进而标记细胞外囊泡的检测方法,该探针化合物具有标记条件温和、产物稳定、无需额外的化学修饰、操作简单、灵敏度高等特点,在pH 2~6的环境下有强荧光,解决了胞外囊泡在体内体外研究中准确定位的问题,对于胞外囊泡的体内示踪有突出优势。

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一种pH敏感型探针分子及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种pH敏感型探针分子及其应用,属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles)是细胞自发或在一定条件下释放出的一种亚细胞成分,是由脂质双分子层包绕形成的闭合球形囊泡。根据细胞外囊泡的生物合成或释放途径可以对囊泡进行分类:外泌体(exosomes)直径为30-150nm,起源于内吞途径;微粒(microparticles)/微囊泡(microvesicles)直径约100-1000nm,直接从质膜释放;凋亡小体(apoptotic body/bleb)直径约50nm-2μm,由细胞凋亡产生;肿瘤小泡(tumorvesicles)直径约1-10μm,由肿瘤细胞释放产生;以及各种EV亚群。近几年研究较火的是外泌体这种细胞外囊泡,本研究也多以此为例。通常情况下,这些细胞外囊泡携带有胆固醇、鞘磷脂、磷脂酰丝氨酸、神经节苷脂等脂类物质,并富含多种蛋白质和RNA等生物活性物质,在细胞信号通讯中有重要作用,参与细胞存活与凋亡、血管新生、血栓形成、炎症免疫反应等。除此之外,细胞外囊泡还作为标记物诊断疾病、评估预后;作为药物或药物载体在生理状态的维持和疾病的进程中发挥重要作用。因此对分离的外泌体进行体外标记与体内示踪是非常重要的。
目前对于胞外囊泡的标记方法有很多种,包括亲脂性的染料(如:PKH-67/PKH-26、Dil/DiD/DiO/DiR),膜渗透性型的化合物(如:CFSE/CFDA/Calcein-AM),以及基于胞外囊泡表面的巯基基团的荧光标记方法等。然而这些染料标记方法存在一些不足,一是由于染料多以非共价方式嵌入胞外囊泡的膜双层,这就导致染料可以在与外泌体相似的水溶液中形成染料聚集体或团块,在外泌体摄取实验中可能会给研究人员带来误导信息;二是染料标记之后对被标记物带来结构上的修饰,将改变其物理特性,也可能影响其功能性质;三是大部分染料在酸性环境下荧光信号很弱,在低pH的缓冲液中不能进行很好的标记。
发明内容
本发明设计合成了一种pH敏感型的探针分子,具有标记条件温和、产物稳定、无需额外的化学修饰、操作简单、灵敏度高等特点。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种化合物,如式1所示:
Figure BDA0002278772900000021
其中,X包括但不限于卤素、高氯酸盐、BF4;Y包括但不限于C(CH3)2或S;R1包括但不限于-(CH2)2COOH,-(CH2)5COOH;R2为供电子基团。
在一种实施方式中,X为Cl、Br、ClO4或BF4;Y为C(CH3)2或S;R1为-(CH2)2COOH或-(CH2)5COOH;R2为苯基、C1到C4烷基、甲氧苯基或甲苯基。
在一种实施方式中,所述化合物为
Figure BDA0002278772900000022
本发明的第二个目的是提供含有所述化合物的组合物。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物包括但不限于携带所述化合物的蛋白。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物包括但不限于携带所述化合物的微生物。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物包括但不限于携带所述化合物的外泌体。
在一种实施方式中,所述组合物包括含有所述外泌体的药物。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并吲哚与3-溴丙酸按1:1~1.5的比例混合于甲苯中,在90~120℃反应2~5h;(2)将步骤(1)制备的化合物与4-二苯胺基苯甲醛按1:0.8~1.2的比例混合于醇中,氮气保护下60~80℃回流8~12h;所述醇包括但不限于乙醇,甲醇,异丙醇。
本发明的第四个目的是提供所述化合物在外泌体示踪方面的应用。
本发明的第五个目的是提供一种外泌体标记方法,所述方法将所述化合物与外泌体混合,对外泌体进行标记。
在一种实施方式中,所述化合物的用量为50~100μM/1.0×104~1.0×107个细胞。
在一种实施方式中,所述标记在避光环境下进行。
在一种实施方式中,所述外泌体的来源包括但不限于膀胱癌细胞。
本发明还要求保护所述化合物,或经所述化合物标记的外泌体在制备示踪药物中的应用。
本发明还要求保护所述化合物在微生物或目的蛋白标记方面的应用。
有益效果:本发明提供的基于N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)与氨基共价结合激发荧光基团进而标记细胞外囊泡的检测方法,该探针化合物在pH 2~4的环境下有强荧光,解决了胞外囊泡在体内体外研究中准确定位的问题,对于胞外囊泡的体内示踪有突出优势。
附图说明
图1为探针化合物的合成流程图;
图2为探针化合物的质谱图(A)及核磁图(B);
图3为探针化合物标记外泌体的示意图;
图4为探针化合物在有无外泌体存在下的荧光光谱图;
图5为探针化合物最适使用浓度的流式筛选图;
图6为探针化合物标记外泌体的粒径分析图;
图7为探针化合物对细胞毒性的IC50检测图;
图8为探针化合物在不同pH条件下的荧光光谱图;
图9为探针化合物的最大激发和发射波长光谱图;
图10为流式细胞仪检测探针标记外泌体的细胞摄入图;
图11为激光扫描共聚焦检测探针标记外泌体的活细胞内吞图。
实施例1探针化合物的制备
染料的合成方法如图1所示:
(1)化合物2的合成:将化合物1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并吲哚(3.13g,15.0mmol)、3-溴丙酸(2.43g,16.0mmol)混合于5.0mL甲苯中,氮气保护下100℃回流3h,TLC监测反应完成后,将反应溶液逐渐冷却至室温后,反应液逐滴加入至乙醚(150mL)溶剂中,有大量粉末颗粒析出,经过过滤收集粉末,用冷却的乙醚(50mL)洗涤,得到绛红色固体粉末即化合物2(4.11g,产率76%)。HRMS(ESI,m/z)Calcd.for[C18H20BrNO2-Br-],282.1489;Found,282.1613.
(2)化合物3的合成:将化合物2(722.0mg,2.0mmol)、4-二苯胺基苯甲醛(546.0mg,2.0mmol)混合于5.0mL乙醇中,氮气保护下80℃回流9h,TLC监测反应完成后,将反应溶液逐渐冷却至室温后逐滴加入至乙醚(150mL)溶剂中,有大量粉末颗粒析出,过滤洗涤后,过硅胶柱(CH2Cl2:MeOH=40:1)得到目标产物化合物3(1.07g,产率87%)。HRMS(ESI,m/z)Calcd.for[C37H33BrN2O2-Br-],537.2537;Found,537.2604.
(3)化合物的质谱图及核磁图如图2所示。
(4)化合物标记外泌体的原理如图3所示。EDC(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)活化该探针化合物上的羧基,促使其与NHS(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)形成含有N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯的中间化合物,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯再不可逆地与膜上蛋白的氨基特异性共价结合形成酰胺键,进而激发荧光基团进行显色反应。
实施例2染料的标记参数测定
探针在有或无外泌体存在下的荧光光谱检测。以膀胱癌细胞YTS-1外泌体为实验对象。使用浓度为50μM的探针室温避光染色30min,并设置空白对照。结果如图4所示:探针在无外泌体结合时,荧光信号很弱,当与外泌体结合后,荧光信号显著增强。
实施例3探针的最适使用浓度的筛选
流式细胞仪筛选探针的最适使用浓度。以悬浮细胞SKM1为实验对象。吸取约2.0×106个SKM1细胞于15mL离心管中,5000rpm离心,2%多聚甲醛室温固定15min,1%BSA/PBS封闭,PBS重悬,均分到8个流式管中,分别使用终浓度0μM,1μM,2μM,5μM,10μM,50μM,100μM的探针室温避光染色30min,100mM甘氨酸中和,PBS洗涤一次,100μL PBS重悬上机检测。
结果如图5所示:与阴性对照(探针浓度为0μM)相比,使用50μM和100μM的探针标记细胞峰值偏移较大,因此使用浓度为10μM~100μM的探针均能对细胞进行较好的标记,10μM探针在实验条件中就已经能很好区分标记细胞,满足流式检测需求。
实施例4标记前后外泌体的粒径分析
使用10μM的探针对膀胱癌细胞YTS-1外泌体避光染色30min,100mM甘氨酸室温中和10min,10kD超滤管清洗浓缩,1×PBS(0.01M,pH=7.4)重悬,用动态光散射仪检测。结果如图6所示,标记前外泌体粒径为120nm左右,标记后外泌体粒径为150nm左右。
实施例5探针标记细胞的IC50
以膀胱癌细胞YTS-1和膀胱正常上皮细胞HCV29为实验对象,按2000个/孔细胞接种在96孔板中,培养12h贴壁后,用不同浓度(10-3μM,10-2μM,10-1μM,100μM,101μM,102μM,103μM,104μM,105μM,106μM)的探针处理细胞24h,cck8试剂盒检测细胞活力。结果如图7所示:在1μM-100μM的使用浓度范围内,探针对细胞活力基本无影响。
实施例6不同pH对探针标记产物光谱性质的影响
以悬浮细胞SKM1和KG1a为实验对象,分别吸取约1.0×105个SKM1,KG1a细胞于15mL离心管中,2%多聚甲醛固定,均分两份,分别使用10μM的探针和10μM的常规染料CFSE在室温下对两种细胞分别避光染色30min后,等量添加至含有不同pH缓冲液的全黑96孔板中,上机检测。并与常规染料CFSE对比。结果如图8所示:新合成的探针和CFSE对酸碱性不同的溶剂有着完全相反的光谱特性,新合成的探针在低pH条件下荧光强度较强,尤其是在强酸条件下(pH为2~4)-荧光值达到最大,而CFSE则在强碱条件下荧光值达到最大。
实施例7探针的激发波长和发射波长光谱检测
以悬浮细胞SKM1为实验对象,使用10μM实施例1制备的探针在室温避光染色30min,1×PBS(0.01M,pH=7.4)重悬,荧光酶标仪检测。结果如图9所示:探针在550nm的激发波长最大,在640nm的发射波长最高。
实施例8探针在外泌体示踪标记中的用途
(1)染料标记外泌体观察细胞摄入情况并与常规染料对比。
①流式细胞仪检测标记外泌体细胞摄入情况。以YTS-1外泌体、HCV29、KK47、HEK293T、A549、Hela细胞为实验材料。使用10μM的探针室温避光处理YTS-1外泌体30min,甘氨酸中和,加入细胞培养液中,1h后,胰酶消化细胞,2%多聚甲醛固定,1×PBS(0.01M,pH=7.4)重悬,上机检测。结果如图10所示。与对照组相比,加探针标记的外泌体处理细胞后荧光信号明显增强,因此该探针能很好地检测外泌体的细胞摄入情况。
②激光扫描共聚焦检测标记外泌体的活细胞内吞过程。以YTS-1外泌体和HCV29细胞为实验材料。预先接种HCV29细胞于共聚焦专用小皿,于上机前10分钟用DAPI染核,溶酶体探针染溶酶体,使用10μM的探针室温避光处理YTS-1外泌体30min,甘氨酸中和,1×PBS(0.01M,pH=7.4)重悬。在实时激光共聚焦的培养仓中,放置HCV29细胞的共聚焦小皿中,待细胞适应后,调整视野也检测参数,加入标记外泌体并采集图像。。结果如图11所示。在0~30min内,该探针标记的外泌体从膜外逐渐向膜内移动,最终到达溶酶体内,与溶酶体存在共定位现象,因此该探针能在细胞内很好地追踪外泌体的运动过程。
实施例9探针在微生物标记中的用途
以杏鲍菇菌丝为实验对象,采用实施例1制备的探针对其进行标记。标记方法如下:将液体PDA培养基中培养的杏鲍菇菌丝倒入50mL离心管中,1000rpm离心10min,倒去上清液,再用无菌水离心清洗一次。用灭菌滤纸吸干菌丝水分,称取0.2g菌丝放入10mL离心管中,再加入2mL,2%浓度的溶壁酶,35℃水浴2h,进行破壁处理。破壁完成后,再加入6mL,0.6M甘露醇混匀,终止酶解。800rpm离心5min,用移液枪小心转移上清液至新的10mL离心管中,再用0.6M甘露醇离心清洗一次,1×PBS(0.01M,pH=7.4)重悬,10μM探针染色30min后,荧光酶标仪检测。
实施例10探针在蛋白标记中的用途
本发明制备的探针的标记原理与荧光染料琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFDA-SE)的标记原理类似,都是胺反应类的荧光染料,在蛋白质的浓度至少≥2mg/mL的条件下,可与蛋白的氨基反应形成荧光偶联物,可以检测任何蛋白质或多肽。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种化合物,其特征在于,结构式为
Figure FDA0003125812960000011
2.含有权利要求1所述化合物的组合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物为携带权利要求1所述化合物的蛋白、微生物或外泌体。
4.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,含有权利要求1所述的化合物。
5.权利要求1所述化合物在微生物标记或蛋白标记方面的应用,其特征在于,所述应用不以疾病诊断和治疗为目的。
6.权利要求1所述的化合物在制备标记外泌体的产品方面的应用,其特征在于,所述标记外泌体是将权利要求1所述的化合物与外泌体或含外泌体的细胞混合,对外泌体进行标记。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述化合物的用量为50~100μM/1.0×104~1.0×107个细胞;所述标记在避光环境下进行。
8.权利要求1所述的化合物或经权利要求1所述化合物标记的外泌体在制备示踪药物中的应用。
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