CN110882837B - Beneficiation method for recovering ultralow-grade barite from tailings - Google Patents
Beneficiation method for recovering ultralow-grade barite from tailings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beneficiation method for recovering ultralow-grade barite from tailings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, performing barite roughing flotation on tailings to obtain roughed concentrate and roughed tailings, wherein 0.9-3.0kg/t of barite collecting agent, 0.9-3.0kg/t of 2.3-2.5-modulus water glass and 50-200g/t of polymeric flocculant are added during roughing; and 2, carrying out tertiary concentration flotation on the roughed concentrate to obtain qualified barite concentrate. The method realizes the separation of high-grade barite concentrate from the ultra-low-grade barite ore by utilizing the characteristic of better floatability of the barite, adopting the process flow of preferentially floating the barite, preparing a special floating agent and utilizing a flocculation flotation method under the condition of not increasing the separation process procedure, and overcomes the defect that the existing barite separation process cannot separate the ultra-low-grade barite ore.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of barite beneficiation, in particular to a beneficiation method for recycling ultralow-grade barite from tailings.
Background
The barite is the most important constituent mineral of barium, has the chemical component of BaSO4, and has the characteristics of high density (4.3g/cm 3-4.5 g/cm3), low Mohs hardness (2.5-3.5), stable chemical property, insolubility in water and hydrochloric acid, no magnetism and toxicity. Therefore, the barite is widely used in oil and gas exploration and drilling, various barium chemical raw materials, additives, building materials and other fields. At present, barite is used as a weighting agent for drilling mud such as oil, gas and the like, and can resist the pressure from the stratum during the drilling process, prevent collapse and prevent other fluids in the stratum from entering a well hole.
The reserves and the output of barite resources are the top of the world in China, but most barite deposits are associated with other ore species, and as the industrialization process of China is accelerated, single and high-grade barite is continuously developed and utilized, most barite deposits developed at present have the characteristics of being poor, fine, miscellaneous and the like, are difficult to develop and utilize, and have poor economic benefits. In the economic development of China, the barite has extremely important operation, and the research on the improvement of the grade of the product by the barite beneficiation method has important practical significance.
At present, the beneficiation method of barite in China mainly comprises gravity separation, flotation and a combined beneficiation method combined with other methods. Because the floatability of the barite is better, the direct flotation is mainly adopted for the floatation of the barite. Most of barite ores which can be developed and utilized at present have the grade of over 30 percent and less impurity content. For example: 1. in Zhejiang plain copper tailings, the content of barite in the tailings is 67.9%, the content of fluorite is 13.7%, and the content of other impurities is 18.4%. 2. The barite content in the raw ore of a barite ore in Hengyang county is 35.6%. 3. The barite ore in Fujian Yongan area contains barite 71.50% in raw ore and barite 30-60% in 4 Wuling mountain fluorite ore.
After a certain bastnaesite in Liangshan, Sichuan province is separated by the mineral separation process, the left magnetic separation tailings contain rare earth, fluorite, barite, quartz, carbonate and other gangue, the content of the barite is only 5% -8%, the content of the mud is high, the composition is complex, compared with other barite ores, the grade is only 1/10%, and the magnetic separation tailings belong to ultra-low grade barite tailings (the grade of the barite is ultra-low when the grade of the barite is below 10%).
1. If the conventional process stage flotation and middling stage returning barite flotation processes are adopted, the finally obtained barite concentrate has high content of other minerals (such as fluorite), and the grade cannot reach the barite market application standard (the grade is 95%, and the specific gravity is 4.3). If fluorite is preferentially selected, barite must be inhibited first, and barite is difficult to activate after being inhibited, so that barite flotation is difficult.
In addition, due to the fact that the content of mud in tailings is high, the amount of foam in the flotation process of the conventional barite collecting agent is large, the foam easily runs out of a groove, the content of the virtual foam is heavy, the content of mud and impurities on a foam belt is high, if the foam belt returns in stages, the selection times are increased inevitably, the ore dressing cost is increased, the operation recovery rate of the barite is low, and the enterprise profit is low.
Chinese patent CN 108176517a discloses a process for dressing barite ore, which comprises the following steps: after ball milling of barite raw ore, the grade of 74% barite raw ore is improved to 88.27% after flotation and is improved to 93.79% after acid leaching through the ore dressing process of 1 coarse, 5 fine and acid leaching. In the specification, the flotation process of 1 coarse +1 sweep +3 fine is adopted in the comparative example 2, and the final flotation result is that the grade of barite flotation concentrate does not meet the requirement of concentrate grade.
However, the beneficiation process using 1 coarse +5 fine + acid leaching is only suitable for separation of barite from high-grade barite raw ore, and is not suitable for separation of tailings containing ultra-low-grade barite, mainly because the fineness of the ground product of the high-grade barite raw ore is coarse, generally larger than 100 microns, the amount of foam generated is not large, the amount of mud is small, and further the barite collecting agent can conveniently collect barite, the collecting effect is good, the recovery rate is high, even if the flotation granularity is smaller than 100 microns, because the mud content and the foam amount are relatively small, the mud content in barite collected by the barite collecting agent is small, and after multiple times of fine flotation, the flotation effect can be ensured, but for low-grade barite tailings with fineness of less than 100 microns and high mud content, during flotation, because the fineness is fine, the mud content is high, the foam amount is large, the method is easy to run out of the groove, the content of the virtual bubbles is heavy, the content of mud and impurities on the foam belt is high, the barite collecting agent cannot be gathered and collected, the grade of the flotation concentrate cannot meet the requirement all the time, and the recovery rate is low, so that the method cannot be used for sorting the low-grade barite tailings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the beneficiation method for recovering the ultra-low grade barite from the tailings is provided, the high grade barite concentrate is separated from the ultra-low grade barite ore by utilizing the characteristic of good floatability of the barite, adopting the process flow of preferentially floating the barite, preparing a special flotation reagent and utilizing the flocculation flotation method under the condition of not increasing the separation process procedures, and the defect that the existing barite separation process cannot separate the ultra-low grade barite ore is overcome.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a beneficiation method for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and 2, carrying out tertiary concentration flotation on the roughed concentrate to obtain qualified barite concentrate.
In the method, the most important innovation point is selection of a flotation reagent during roughing, a barite collecting agent is selected for selectively collecting barite, the barite collecting agent can be common sodium dodecyl sulfate, water glass is added during flotation and mainly used as a dispersing agent, as the mud content in tailings is high, the foam amount is large, the foam phenomenon is effectively improved after the water glass is added, the foam generation amount is controlled, gangue minerals with the floatability similar to that of the barite can be strongly inhibited, a good collecting environment is provided for the collecting agent, the use of a high molecular flocculating agent not only has a certain defoaming effect and can also stabilize the foam, so that the generation of groove leakage and a large amount of virtual bubbles is avoided, and after the foam is stabilized, a large amount of mud and impurities are carried on the foam to settle and are separated from the foam, and selective flocculation is carried out on the barite (namely, a flocculation flotation method is utilized), and then floating the flocculent small clusters mainly composed of barite by using the collecting agent, wherein the collecting effect of the collecting agent is outstanding, the impurity and mud content of the barite obtained by collecting are low, so that the flotation concentrate with qualified grade is obtained, and the flotation concentrate is subjected to fine flotation for 3 times to obtain the barite concentrate with the standard grade. By preparing the special flotation reagent, under the condition of not increasing the separation process, the separation of high-grade barite concentrate from the ultra-low-grade barite ore is realized, and the defect that the ultra-low-grade barite ore can not be separated by the existing barite separation process is overcome.
Further, in the above-mentioned flotation reagent, the amount of the barite collector may be 0.9kg/t, 1.2 kg/t, 1.3kg/t, 1.8kg/t, 2.2kg/t, 2.4kg/t, 2.7kg/t, 3.0kg/t, etc., the amount of the 2.3-2.5 module water glass may be 0.9kg/t, 1.3, 1.4kg/t, 1.9kg/t, 2.1kg/t, 2.3kg/t, 2.6kg/t, 3.0kg/t, etc., and the polymeric flocculant may be polyacrylamide or starch, or may be another polymeric compound, and the amount thereof may be 50g/t, 60g/t, 70g/t, 80g/t, 200g/t, etc.
Further, the content of the ground product-0.075 mm in the rough flotation of the tailings is not less than 70%, and preferably not less than 80%.
Further, in order to improve the recovery rate, in step 1, scavenged tailings and scavenged concentrate are obtained after the scavenged flotation of the roughed tailings, the scavenged concentrate returns to the roughed flotation for continuous flotation, and the scavenged tailings are used as final tailings.
Further, in the step 2, the roughing concentrates are subjected to first concentration flotation, the first concentration concentrates obtained by the first concentration flotation are conveyed to the second concentration flotation for flotation, and the first concentration tailings are returned to the roughing flotation process for flotation; the second fine concentration concentrate obtained by the second fine concentration flotation is conveyed to the third fine concentration flotation for flotation, and the second fine concentration tailings are returned to the rough concentration flotation process for flotation; and the third selected concentrate obtained by the third selected flotation is the barite concentrate with qualified grade, and the third selected tailings are returned to the second selected flotation process for continuous flotation.
In the concentration flotation process, the treatment of the second concentration tailings obtained after the first concentration flotation is particularly important, the second concentration tailings are not returned to the first concentration flotation process for continuous flotation according to the conventional thinking so as to form a common closed circuit beneficiation flow, but are directly returned to the roughing flotation process for flotation, and the reason is that the mud content in the second concentration tailings is high, if the second concentration tailings are directly returned to the first concentration flotation process, the concentration flotation effect is poor due to the high mud content, each concentration flotation process is influenced in a flotation cycle, so that the qualified barite concentrate can be obtained only by the concentration flotation process for at least 5 times, and the barite concentrate is directly returned to the roughing flotation process, so that the adverse influence of the high mud content on the concentration flotation is avoided when the barite recovery rate is ensured.
Furthermore, during the first concentration flotation, 2.3-2.5 modulus water glass of 30-80g/t needs to be added, and the second concentration flotation, the third concentration flotation and the scavenging flotation are all blank flotation, so that the flotation effect is ensured, the use of flotation reagents is reduced, and the flotation cost is reduced. The adding amount of the 2.3-2.5 modulus water glass is 30g/t, 40g/t, 50g/t, 60g/t, 80g/t and the like.
In the invention, the flotation effect of the roughing flotation is particularly important, and the special flotation agent is added during the roughing flotation to ensure the roughing flotation effect, otherwise, the ultra-low-grade barite ore can not be separated to high grade, therefore, in order to further ensure the flotation effect of the roughing flotation and improve the recovery rate, the times of the roughing flotation are divided into 2 times, the first roughing concentrate and the second roughing concentrate are directly subjected to the concentration flotation, the first roughing tailings are directly used as the flotation raw ore of the second roughing flotation, and the second roughing tailings are used as the roughing tailings and are sent to the scavenging flotation process for scavenging operation. By about 2 times of rough flotation, the grade of rough flotation concentrate is further ensured to meet the selection requirement of the fine flotation process, and the recovery rate is improved.
Further, the scavenged concentrate and the second concentration tailings are jointly conveyed to a second roughing flotation process for flotation.
Furthermore, a self-suction flotation machine is adopted in the flotation process, 2-7 roughing flotation units are adopted, and the volume of each unit is 4-28m31-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m31-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m31-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m3The number of the scavenging flotation units is 1-5, and the volume of each unit is 4-28m3。
Further, the grade of the ultra-low grade barite is below 10%, and the tailings are rare earth tailings.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the high-grade barite concentrate is separated from the ultralow-grade barite ore by utilizing the characteristic of good floatability of the barite, adopting the process flow of preferentially floating the barite, preparing a special floating agent and utilizing a flocculation flotation method under the condition that the separation process is not added, so that the defect that the ultralow-grade barite ore cannot be separated by the existing barite separation process is overcome;
2. the flotation tailings obtained by the second concentration flotation are returned to the roughing flotation process for treatment, so that the influence of high mud content on the concentration flotation is avoided, the concentration flotation times are reduced, and the separation process cost is reduced;
3. the separation method provided by the invention recovers barite concentrate with the grade of more than 95% from the tailings containing 5-8% of ultra-low grade barite, provides a feasible road for separating the ultra-low grade barite ore, realizes comprehensive utilization of tailing resources, increases enterprise benefits, reduces the operation cost, reduces tailing discharge, and effectively promotes energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the equipment relationship of a beneficiation process to recover ultra-low grade barite from tailings of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of a beneficiation method for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings according to the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1.4 and 5 are slurry pools, 2 and 6 are slurry pumps, 3 and 7 are hydrocyclone units, 8 is a ball mill, 9 is a stirring barrel, 10 is a first roughing flotation unit, 11 is a first concentration flotation unit, 12 is a second roughing flotation unit, 13 is a scavenging flotation unit, 14 is a second concentration flotation unit, 15 is a third concentration flotation unit, and 16 is a thickener.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A mineral processing method for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings, the equipment relation is shown in figure 1, ore pulp is conveyed into a hydrocyclone unit 3 from a pulp tank 1 through a slurry pump 2, desliming is carried out, graded overflow enters into a pulp tank 4, settled sand enters into a pulp tank 5, then conveyed into a hydrocyclone unit 7 through a slurry pump 6, graded settled sand enters into a ball mill 8 to form a closed cycle, overflow enters into a stirring barrel 9, is stirred by the stirring barrel 9 and is conveyed into a flotation unit.
Flotation operation: the ore pulp enters a first roughing flotation unit 10 after being stirred by a stirring barrel 9, the concentrate floated by the first roughing flotation unit 10 is conveyed into a first concentrating flotation unit 11, the tailings are conveyed into a second roughing flotation unit 12, the concentrate floated by the second roughing flotation unit 12 is conveyed into the first concentrating flotation unit 11, the tailings are conveyed into a scavenging flotation unit 13, the scavenged concentrate scavenged by the scavenging flotation unit 13 is conveyed into the second roughing flotation unit 12 for continuous flotation, the scavenged tailings are conveyed into a pulp pond 4, the concentrate floated by the first concentrating flotation unit 11 is conveyed into a second concentrating flotation unit 14, the tailings are conveyed into the first roughing flotation unit 10, the concentrate floated by the second concentrating flotation unit 14 is conveyed into a third concentrating flotation unit 15, the tailings are conveyed into the second roughing flotation unit 12 for continuous flotation, the concentrate from the third concentration flotation unit 15 enters the thickener 16 and the tailings are transported to the second concentration flotation unit 14 for further flotation.
In the above, the flotation machine is self-suction type, the number of the roughing flotation machine sets is 2-7, and the volume of each flotation machine set is 4-28m31 to 4 flotation units for first concentration, and the volume of each flotation unit is 2 to 10m31 to 4 flotation units for the second concentration, and the volume of each flotation unit is 2 to 10m31 to 4 flotation units for the third concentration, and the volume of each flotation unit is 2 to 10m3The number of the scavenging flotation units is 1-5, and the volume of each unit is 4-28m3。
The flotation and separation process of the ultra-low grade barite is shown in figure 2, after 5-8% grade barite tailings are ball-milled to-200 meshes (more than 80%), the barite tailings are blended into 40% ore pulp to be conveyed to a first roughing flotation process for primary roughing, when roughing is performed, 0.9-3.0kg/t of 2.3-2.5 modulus water glass and 50-200g/t of polymeric flocculant are added, then 0.9-3.0kg/t of barite collecting agent are added, the specific addition amount of each agent is determined according to actual conditions, after the ore pulp is subjected to primary roughing, the ore concentrate is directly conveyed to the first roughing flotation process for fine separation, the tailings are conveyed to a second roughing flotation process for secondary roughing, the ore concentrate obtained by secondary roughing is conveyed to the first flotation process for fine separation, the tailings are conveyed to a scavenging flotation process, the scavenged concentrate obtained by scavenging flotation is conveyed to the second roughing flotation process for continuous flotation, and the scavenged tailings are used as final tailings, the roughed concentrate is subjected to first concentration flotation to obtain a first flotation concentrate and first flotation tailings, 2.3-2.5 modulus water glass 30-80g/t is added in the first concentration flotation process, the specific addition amount is determined according to actual conditions, the first flotation concentrate is conveyed to a second concentration flotation process for second concentration, the first flotation tailings are returned to the rougher flotation operation for continuous flotation, the second concentration flotation is subjected to second concentration flotation to obtain a second flotation concentrate and second flotation tailings, the second flotation concentrate is conveyed to a third concentration flotation process for second concentration, the second flotation tailings are returned to the rougher flotation operation for continuous flotation, the third concentration flotation is performed to obtain a third flotation concentrate and third flotation tailings, the third flotation tailings are conveyed to the second concentration flotation process for second concentration, and the third flotation concentrate is qualified heavy concentrate.
Using the beneficiation process of fig. 2, the average data of 3 days and 9 shifts of industrial tests were obtained from field investigation, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 13 average data of mineral separation process industrial test of 9-class ultra-low-grade barite ore
The test result shows that: by adopting the process flow of fig. 2 and through industrial test investigation, high-grade barite concentrate with 95.86% grade and 77.18% of operation yield is obtained, so that the high-grade barite concentrate is separated from the ultra-low-grade barite ore, the defect that the ultra-low-grade barite ore cannot be separated by the existing barite separation process is overcome, a feasible road is provided for separating the ultra-low-grade barite ore, comprehensive utilization of tailing resources is realized, enterprise benefits are increased, the operation cost is reduced, tailing emission is reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are effectively promoted.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A beneficiation method for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing barite roughing flotation on tailings to obtain roughed concentrate and roughed tailings, wherein 0.9-3.0kg/t of barite collecting agent, 0.9-3.0kg/t of 2.3-2.5-modulus water glass and 50-200g/t of polymeric flocculant are added during roughing;
step 2, carrying out tertiary concentration flotation on the roughed concentrate to obtain qualified barite concentrate;
wherein, the content of ground product-0.075 mm in the rough flotation of the tailings is not less than 70 percent; the grade of the ultra-low grade barite is below 10%, and the tailings are rare earth tailings;
in the step 2, the roughing concentrates are subjected to first concentration flotation, the first concentration concentrates obtained by the first concentration flotation are conveyed to the second concentration flotation for flotation, and the first concentration tailings are returned to the roughing flotation process for flotation; the second fine concentration concentrate obtained by the second fine concentration flotation is conveyed to the third fine concentration flotation for flotation, and the second fine concentration tailings are returned to the rough concentration flotation process for flotation; and the third selected concentrate obtained by the third selected flotation is the barite concentrate with qualified grade, and the third selected tailings are returned to the second selected flotation process for continuous flotation.
2. A beneficiation method according to claim 1 for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings, wherein in step 1, scavenged tailings are subjected to scavenging flotation to obtain scavenged tailings and scavenged concentrate, the scavenged concentrate is returned to the roughed flotation for continuous flotation, and the scavenged tailings are used as final tailings.
3. A beneficiation method to recover ultra low grade barite from tailings as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first concentration flotation, 30-80g/t 2.3-2.5 module water glass is added, and the second concentration flotation, the third concentration flotation and the scavenging flotation are all blank flotation.
4. A beneficiation process to recover ultra low grade barite from tailings as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rougher flotation is performed 2 times, the first rougher concentrate and the second rougher concentrate are directly subjected to the cleaner flotation, the first rougher tailings are directly used as the flotation raw ore for the second rougher flotation, and the second rougher tailings are used as the rougher tailings and sent to the scavenger flotation process for scavenger flotation.
5. A beneficiation process to recover ultra low grade barite from tailings as claimed in claim 4, wherein the scavenged concentrate and the second beneficiated tailings are co-fed to the second rougher flotation process for flotation.
6. A beneficiation method for recovering ultra-low grade barite from tailings as claimed in claim 5, wherein a self-priming flotation machine is adopted in the flotation process, the number of roughing flotation units is 2-7, and the volume of each unit is 4-28m31-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m3 1-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m31-4 fine flotation units with single volume of 2-10m3The number of the scavenging flotation units is 1-5, and the volume of each unit is 4-28m3。
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| 颗粒间相互作用与细粒浮选;邱冠周等;《颗粒间相互作用与细粒浮选》;中南工业大学出版社;19930630;第313-315页 * |
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| CN110882837A (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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Address after: 615600 Rare Earth Industrial Park, Fuxing Town, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province Patentee after: Zhongxi (Liangshan) Rare Earth Co.,Ltd. Address before: 615600 Rare Earth Industrial Park, Fuxing Town, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province Patentee before: SICHUAN JCC RARE EARTH METALS CO.,LTD. |