CN110881146A - Time shifting system based on slice mode - Google Patents
Time shifting system based on slice mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN110881146A CN110881146A CN201910862428.XA CN201910862428A CN110881146A CN 110881146 A CN110881146 A CN 110881146A CN 201910862428 A CN201910862428 A CN 201910862428A CN 110881146 A CN110881146 A CN 110881146A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
- H04N21/2187—Live feed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2387—Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/242—Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
- H04N21/4335—Housekeeping operations, e.g. prioritizing content for deletion because of storage space restrictions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/854—Content authoring
- H04N21/8547—Content authoring involving timestamps for synchronizing content
Abstract
The invention discloses a time shifting system based on a slice mode, which comprises a live slice storage module, an m3u8 content storage module, a live/real shift switching control module and a time shifting control logic module, wherein the live slice storage module can synchronize slice content to a permanent storage in real time, the m3u8 content storage module stores file content of m3u8 into a redis, the live/real shift switching control module controls whether a time shifting processing flow is triggered or not, and the time shifting control logic module is used for playing the content stored in the m3u 8. The invention is a time-shifting system realized based on HTTP + HLS protocol, which has the characteristics of low cost, high availability, high concurrency and the like, the butt joint work of the time-shifting system is very low, the later operation cost is basically the same as the live broadcast, the cost after the operation of the service is not greatly increased, and the time-shifting system is a competitive product at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of streaming media, in particular to a time shifting system based on a slice mode.
Background
The time shifting means that the audience can randomly play back the live content of the past time, and the time shifting is a new service formed by combining live broadcasting and on-demand broadcasting and is a supplement of the live broadcasting service. When watching the live program, the user can pause in the middle and continue watching from the pause position later, so as to avoid missing some important stories. Technically, when a pause request is made, the playing server records the program list, and when the playing is continued, the recorded program is replayed in a unicast mode. For live programs, the streaming media live system with the time shifting function can watch the programs at any time later without synchronization, and can pause and play at any time, namely, the time synchronization of the programs is removed, and the programs are watched at any time.
At present, the realization of the internet time shifting technology mostly adopts the digital television technology based on the streaming media mode, the realization cost is very high, the architecture is complex, the management is not easy, and the method is not suitable for the large-scale development, which is also an important reason that the time shifting service is not generally used on the internet at present. Therefore, it is a problem to be solved to find a simple and low-cost time-shifting technology implementation architecture supporting a large number of users.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a time shifting system based on a slice mode aiming at the defects of the prior art, which is a time shifting system realized based on an HTTP + HLS protocol, has the characteristics of low cost, high availability, high concurrency and the like, has very low butt joint work, basically has the same later-stage operation cost as that of live broadcasting, does not cause the great increase of the cost after service operation, and is a competitive product at present.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a time shifting system based on a slice mode comprises a live slice storage module, an m3u8 content storage module, a live/real shift switching control module and a time shifting control logic module;
the live slice storage module is responsible for receiving RTMP streams and generating TS slices based on an HLS protocol, only slice contents in use are stored locally by default, expired contents are deleted, and in order to ensure the accessibility of time-shifted contents, all generated TS slices need to be stored, so that the TS slices need to be locally migrated into a permanent storage;
the m3u8 content storage module updates m3u8 file content accessed by HLS live streaming at regular time, in order to realize the time shifting function, the m3u8 file content needs to be stored every 5 seconds, and the stored content is put into redis; because the time-shifted content does not need to be permanently stored, an expiration time is set for storing the m3u8 file content into the redis, and the redis can be automatically deleted after the expiration time;
the live broadcast/time shift switching control module: a user watches live broadcast content by using a player, if the playing position is dragged backwards, the user is considered to use a time shifting function, the player adds an mvtm parameter behind a live broadcast access connection (. m3u8) to re-request for playing the content, a server receives the request, and if the mvtv is greater than 0, a time shifting processing flow is triggered; if mvtm equals 0, return to live content;
the time-shift control logic module: after entering a time shift processing flow, calculating and acquiring a key value of m3u8 content of time shift according to time shift, and after acquiring m3u8 content, reading a corresponding video slice file list, but because a slice access address stored in the video list is a local path generated at that time and slices are migrated into a permanent storage area in real time, determining a final access address of the slice according to actual conditions, and jumping to an actual access address or a resource path accessible by a CDN through a rewrite command.
Preferably, the time for the m3u8 content saving module to save the file content of m3u8 once can be adjusted.
Preferably, the m3u8 content saving module defaults to 20 hours for the expiration time set for storing the m3u8 content in the redis, and can perform adjustment.
The main processes of the time shifting system comprise a live stream processing process, a live watching processing process and a time shifting processing process;
the live streaming processing flow comprises the following steps: an encoder pushes a stream to enter a nginx-rtmp module, and after the stream passes stream authentication (auth), stream slicing processing can be performed, the default slice size of the system is 5s, the system can be adjusted according to actual needs and is not less than 2 seconds, a live m3u8 file can be generated while the hls-slice module slices, the m3u8 file contains 5 ts records, in order to ensure the usability of a disk, hls-slice can continuously delete expired ts file contents according to the contents of the m3u8 file, or can be set to be not deleted, but the storage space of the disk can be increased; in order to increase the live time shifting function, ts content and m3u8 files need to be saved, m3u8 saving and ts migration work are added in a hls-slice module, and the regular saving work of m3u8 is realized by using a record function in nginx-rtmp; the method has the advantages of low system occupation, high efficiency and good reliability; the ts migration work is processed by means of inotify + rsync, and ts files can be migrated to cloud storage or NAS storage in real time to achieve normal ts access.
The nginx-rtmp module is a streaming media processing module of an open-source nginx server, is mainly responsible for processing rtmp protocol video streams, and is realized under the nginx-rtmp environment.
The hls-slice module is a sub-function module of nginx-rtmp and is mainly responsible for slicing operation of hls protocol.
The inotify and rsync are two common software under linux, and are generally used for performing data synchronization work.
The live broadcast watching processing flow comprises the following steps: a user watches live broadcast with a time shifting function through a player without any difference from other live broadcast, and loads a corresponding ts file for normal playing through an m3u8 file requesting the live broadcast; for the live broadcast service with the time shifting function added, normal live broadcast content watching is equivalent to the processing of the condition that the time shifting parameter mvtm is equal to 0; if mvtm is equal to 0, it is considered as normal live content, and if mvtm is greater than 0, it is considered as viewing time-shifted content.
The time shifting processing flow comprises the following steps: if the user drags the playing bar backwards in the process of watching the live content, the user is considered to carry out time-shifting watching, the player calculates the number of seconds of the offset distance dragged by the user, the number of seconds is taken as a unit, if 1 hour is equal to 3600 seconds, mvtm is equal to 3600, and the time-shifting watching can be carried out by adding mvtm to the address of the original live broadcast watching which is equal to the offset time.
Because the system is realized by time shifting through the hls protocol, the hls protocol has some time delay for real-time response, so that the time-shifted positioning point has an error of several seconds with a normal point, and the error of less than 5 seconds is within a design range.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is completely realized based on the existing mature technical framework, for example, nginx is high-performance web server software commonly used by internet companies, nginx-rtmp-mould is a stream processing module used by live broadcast services, and the software of a nginx system has very high use popularization rate, so that the method is very easy to operate for users, and the later operation and maintenance cost is very low.
The invention processes based on hls protocol, and finishes the operation of time-shifting service by real-time storing the content of m3u8, compared with the realization of stream mode, the processing mode has simple flow, low realization difficulty and little cost input.
The invention saves the live broadcast content in a time slice mode, reduces the processing pressure of the system, improves the supporting capability of the system, can realize concurrent access of mass content, and can conveniently realize the butt joint with the CDN.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Redis data synchronization procedure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an algorithm for generating an index when m3u8 is saved according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an algorithm of the tile index when querying m3u8 content according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a time shift system based on slice mode includes a live slice storage module, an m3u8 content storage module, a live/live shift switching control module, and a time shift control logic module.
The live slice storage module is responsible for receiving RTMP streams and generating TS slices based on an HLS protocol, as the live slices are generated, only slice contents in use are stored locally by default, expired contents can be deleted, and in order to ensure the accessibility of time-shifted contents, all the generated TS slices need to be stored, so that the TS slices need to be locally migrated into a permanent storage, and the live slice storage module is used for synchronizing the slice contents into the permanent storage in real time.
The m3u8 content storage module updates m3u8 file content accessed by HLS live streaming at regular time, in order to realize the time shifting function, the m3u8 file content needs to be stored every 5 seconds, and the stored content is put into redis; since the time-shifted content does not need to be permanently saved, an expiration time is set for the m3u8 file content storage redis, and the redis can be automatically deleted after the expiration time.
The live broadcast/time shift switching control module: a user watches live broadcast content by using a player, if the playing position is dragged backwards, the user is considered to use a time shifting function, the player adds an mvtm parameter behind a live broadcast access connection (. m3u8) to re-request for playing the content, a server receives the request, and if the mvtv is greater than 0, a time shifting processing flow is triggered; if mvtm equals 0, then return to live content.
The time-shift control logic module: after entering a time shift processing flow, calculating and acquiring a key value of m3u8 content of time shift according to time shift, and after acquiring m3u8 content, reading a corresponding video slice file list, but because a slice access address stored in the video list is a local path generated at that time and slices are migrated into a permanent storage area in real time, determining a final access address of the slice according to actual conditions, and jumping to an actual access address or a resource path accessible by a CDN through a rewrite command.
In this embodiment, the m3u8 content saving module may adjust the expiration time set in the m3u8 content saving redis.
The main processes of the time shifting system comprise a live stream processing process, a live watching processing process and a time shifting processing process.
The live streaming processing flow comprises the following steps: an encoder pushes a stream to enter a nginx-rtmp module, and after the stream passes stream authentication (auth), stream slicing processing can be performed, the default slice size of the system is 5s, the system can be adjusted according to actual needs and is not less than 2 seconds, a live m3u8 file can be generated while the hls-slice module slices, the m3u8 file contains 5 ts records, in order to ensure the usability of a disk, hls-slice can continuously delete expired ts file contents according to the contents of the m3u8 file, or can be set to be not deleted, but the storage space of the disk can be increased; in order to increase the live time shifting function, ts content and m3u8 files need to be saved, m3u8 saving and ts migration work are added in a hls-slice module, and the regular saving work of m3u8 is realized by using a record function in nginx-rtmp; the method has the advantages of low system occupation, high efficiency and good reliability; the ts migration work is processed by means of inotify + rsync, and ts files can be migrated to cloud storage or NAS storage in real time to achieve normal ts access.
The nginx-rtmp module is a streaming media processing module of an open-source nginx server, is mainly responsible for processing rtmp protocol video streams, and is realized under the nginx-rtmp environment.
The hls-slice module is a sub-function module of nginx-rtmp and is mainly responsible for slicing operation of hls protocol.
The inotify and rsync are two common software under linux, and are generally used for performing data synchronization work.
The live broadcast watching processing flow comprises the following steps: a user watches live broadcast with a time shifting function through a player without any difference from other live broadcast, and loads a corresponding ts file for normal playing through an m3u8 file requesting the live broadcast; for the live broadcast service with the time shifting function added, normal live broadcast content watching is equivalent to the processing of the condition that the time shifting parameter mvtm is equal to 0; if mvtm is equal to 0, it is considered as normal live content, and if mvtm is greater than 0, it is considered as viewing time-shifted content.
The time shifting processing flow comprises the following steps: if the user drags the playing bar backwards in the process of watching the live content, the user is considered to carry out time-shifting watching, the player calculates the number of seconds of the offset distance dragged by the user, the number of seconds is taken as a unit, if 1 hour is equal to 3600 seconds, mvtm is equal to 3600, and the time-shifting watching can be carried out by adding mvtm to the address of the original live broadcast watching which is equal to the offset time.
Because the system is realized by time shifting through the hls protocol, the hls protocol has some time delay for real-time response, so that the time-shifted positioning point has an error of several seconds with a normal point, and the error of less than 5 seconds is within a design range.
The m3u8 content saving module is implemented by a redis data synchronization program as shown in fig. 2:
path $ 1: the first parameter is a path, namely a path name for generating m3u 8;
channel $ 2: the second parameter is a channel name, and can be added with a stream name, namely, the second parameter is used for identifying which channel generates an m3u8 file, and as long as the second parameter is unique, the second parameter is matched with a key for taking redis in mvtm.
value ═ sed': a; n; s/\\ n/\ \ n/; t a, respectively; '$ 1': for m3u8 multiple lines of content, convert to one line of content to facilitate writing into redis;
p1 ═ date +% s': taking a current system time stamp;
p2 ═ (($ { p1}/5) × 5)): generating time slices every 5 seconds according to the system time stamps; that is, the system stores the m3u8 file every 5 seconds;
key $2_ $ p 2: generating a key value of redis according to the channel name and the timestamp;
p3 ═ redis-cli set $ key "$ value" ex 72000': storing the content of m3u8 into local redis, wherein the key expiration time is 72000 seconds, namely 20 hours, and the expiration time can be adjusted according to the actual situation;
this program typically needs to be added into the/usr/bin and the execution authority is 777, enabling normal calls to be made through the nginx-rtmp module.
The content of time shift m3u8 is taken from redis according to the parameter passed in by mvtm and returned to the player. Since the key value in redis stored in 5-second time slices, it is necessary to convert the current time into a 5-second slice and extract the slice. And because there is a delay of processing time, the current time may not generate the m3u8 file, and in order to ensure the usability of the system, if the content of the request time slice is not saved in the redis, the value is automatically tried to be taken 5 seconds ahead, and the error is returned 404 after two (10) times of failures.
The algorithm for generating index when m3u8 is saved as shown in fig. 3, the content of m3u8 is stored in redis according to time slice which can be set to 5 seconds, and the system timing saves the content of m3u8 every 5 seconds; each minute holds 12 pieces of content, and the index calculation for each piece is rounded by (timeframe/5) × 5.
Fig. 4 shows an algorithm of slicing index when querying m3u8 content, and an index for extracting content is calculated according to a timestamp, and the algorithm is as follows: ((timestamp-mvtm)/5) × 5, corresponding to fig. 3, because there is a problem of current interruption or time difference, the content of the current fragment is not saved in the database, the system automatically moves forward the fragment period to extract the content, and if the content is not extracted by moving 2 fragment periods, an error is returned.
The m3u8 extracts the strategy according to the time slice, namely, a Key is generated through the time slice, m3u8 content stored in redis is accessed, if the Key value does not exist, the content of the Key value of the first 5 seconds is accessed, if the Key value does not exist, the content of the previous Key value is accessed, the Key value (twice) in the previous 10 seconds can be set to be extracted, if the content of the previous Key value needs to be changed, the code of the part only needs to be modified, and reloading can be completed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A time shifting system based on a slice mode is characterized by comprising a live slice storage module, an m3u8 content storage module, a live/real shift switching control module and a time shifting control logic module;
the live slice storage module is responsible for receiving RTMP streams and generating TS slices based on an HLS protocol, only slice contents in use are stored locally by default, expired contents are deleted, and in order to ensure the accessibility of time-shifted contents, all generated TS slices need to be stored, so that the TS slices need to be locally migrated into a permanent storage;
the m3u8 content storage module updates m3u8 file content accessed by HLS live streaming at regular time, in order to realize the time shifting function, the m3u8 file content needs to be stored every 5 seconds, and the stored content is put into redis; because the time-shifted content does not need to be permanently stored, an expiration time is set for storing the m3u8 file content into the redis, and the redis can be automatically deleted after the expiration time;
the live broadcast/time shift switching control module: a user watches live broadcast content by using a player, if the playing position is dragged backwards, the user is considered to use a time shifting function, the player adds an mvtm parameter behind a live broadcast access connection (. m3u8) to re-request for playing the content, a server receives the request, and if the mvtv is greater than 0, a time shifting processing flow is triggered; if mvtm equals 0, return to live content;
the time-shift control logic module: after entering a time shift processing flow, calculating and acquiring a key value of m3u8 content of time shift according to time shift, and after acquiring m3u8 content, reading a corresponding video slice file list, but because a slice access address stored in the video list is a local path generated at that time and slices are migrated into a permanent storage area in real time, determining a final access address of the slice according to actual conditions, and jumping to an actual access address or a resource path accessible by a CDN through a rewrite command.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the m3u8 content saving module adjusts a time for saving the file content of m3u8 once.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the m3u8 content saving module is adjustable for setting expiration time default of 20 hours for m3u8 content to be saved in redis.
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| WO2006053011A2 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2006-05-18 | Veveo, Inc. | Method and system for secure sharing, gifting, and purchasing of content on television and mobile devices |
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Application publication date: 20200313 |