CN110878418A - Self-supporting molybdenum carbide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Self-supporting molybdenum carbide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110878418A
CN110878418A CN201811038315.XA CN201811038315A CN110878418A CN 110878418 A CN110878418 A CN 110878418A CN 201811038315 A CN201811038315 A CN 201811038315A CN 110878418 A CN110878418 A CN 110878418A
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molybdenum carbide
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袁文津
崔振铎
朱胜利
李朝阳
梁砚琴
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a molten salt method based in-situ growth method of molybdenum carbide (Mo) on carbon paper2C) A method for preparing a self-supporting electrocatalyst, and aims to provide green, simple and good-performance Mo2C self-supporting electrocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the steps of fully mixing metal molybdenum powder, a carbon source and salt according to a certain proportion, placing the mixture into a carbon paper, placing the carbon paper in a tubular furnace for sintering, washing the salt off, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain the self-supporting electrocatalyst with molybdenum carbide growing on the carbon paper. The method is environment-friendly and simple, and the obtained material can effectively catalyze the water electrolysis hydrogen production reaction, so that the method is an efficient and economic catalyst preparation method.

Description

Self-supporting molybdenum carbide and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to self-supporting molybdenum carbide and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Transition metal carbide Mo2C is an efficient, stable and nontoxic electrocatalyst, has good electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under acidic and alkaline conditions, and has a great prospect for replacing noble metal materials. However, the bottleneck of the current research is the lack of sufficient active sites, so that the preparation of high-efficiency catalysts with special crystal orientation is imminent.
At present, most of preparation methods of self-supporting molybdenum carbide are hydrothermal methods, the material prepared by the method is low in molybdenum carbide loading capacity and difficult in shape control, and an additional surfactant and the like are usually required to be added for shape control, so that other elements or groups can be introduced, and the research on the intrinsic performance of molybdenum carbide is influenced.
In addition, the preparation of the conventional self-supporting molybdenum carbide needs a two-step method or more steps, and more steps bring about greater consumption of manpower and material resources, which is not beneficial to industrial production. The electrocatalytic activity of molybdenum carbide in the reported literature is generally low, and further doping and modification are needed to improve the catalytic performance of the molybdenum carbide. Therefore, it is necessary and reasonable to develop a simple one-step method for preparing in-situ self-supporting molybdenum carbide to obtain a molybdenum carbide material with high loading capacity, controllable morphology and high catalytic performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide self-supporting molybdenum carbide aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, and the self-supporting molybdenum carbide with controllable morphology is prepared in situ on carbon paper by utilizing a liquid phase environment provided by molten salt.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide, which is environment-friendly, simple and capable of effectively catalyzing electrolytic water reaction, and is an efficient and economic catalyst preparation method.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide in catalyzing the water electrolysis reaction, which has good electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution performance under both acidic and alkaline conditions and can be used for researching the intrinsic catalytic performance of the molybdenum carbide.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to self-supporting molybdenum carbide, which is prepared by the following method:
mixing metal molybdenum powder, a carbon source and salt to obtain mixed raw material powder, wherein the ratio of the total molar weight of the metal molybdenum powder and the carbon powder to the molar weight of the salt is (0.1-2):1, the molar ratio of the metal molybdenum powder to the carbon source is (0.5-5): 0-1, adding carbon paper, and then carrying out treatment at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for min-1The temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃ at the temperature raising rate, and after the temperature is kept for 1-3h, the temperature is raised for 2-5 min-1Cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ along with the furnace when the temperature reduction rate is reduced to below 500 ℃ to obtain a sintered block, washing off salt on the sintered block, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain a self-supporting body, namely the self-supporting molybdenum carbide growing molybdenum carbide on the carbon paper.
In the above technical scheme, the salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride or sodium fluoride.
In the above technical scheme, the carbon source is activated carbon, graphite powder, nano graphite powder or carbon nano tube.
In the technical scheme, when the metal molybdenum powder, the carbon nano tube, the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are fully mixed according to the molar ratio of (1-3) to (6-12) to obtain mixed raw material powder, the obtained self-supporting molybdenum carbide is lamellar and has (100) crystal face orientation, and the mass fraction of Mo element is 85-90%.
In the technical scheme, when the metal molybdenum powder, the activated carbon, the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are fully mixed according to the molar ratio of (1-3) to (6-12) to obtain the mixed raw material powder, the obtained self-supporting molybdenum carbide is granular and has no obvious crystal plane orientation, and the mass fraction of the Mo element is 35-40%.
In another aspect of the invention, the use of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide as a self-supporting working electrode in catalyzing the reaction of electrolysis of water is also included.
In the technical scheme, the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is used as a self-supporting working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode and a graphite rod are used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and the temperature is 0.5M H2SO4In the middle, 5mV s-1The scan rate of (2) is tested on the polarization curveThe current density was 10mA cm-2When the overpotential is 170-201mV, the Tafel slope is 77-85mV dec-1
In the technical scheme, the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is used as a self-supporting working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode and a graphite rod are used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and 5mV s is used in 1M KOH-1At a current density of 10mA cm-2When the voltage is over-potential is 95.8-164mV, Tafel slope is 99-122mV dec-1
In another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing self-supporting molybdenum carbide, comprising the steps of:
mixing metal molybdenum powder, a carbon source and salt to obtain mixed raw material powder, wherein the ratio of the total molar weight of the metal molybdenum powder and the carbon powder to the molar weight of the salt is (0.1-2):1, the molar ratio of the metal molybdenum powder to the carbon source is (0.5-5): 0-1, adding carbon paper, and then carrying out treatment at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for min-1The temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃ at the temperature raising rate, and after the temperature is kept for 1-3h, the temperature is raised for 2-5 min-1Cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ along with the furnace when the temperature reduction rate is reduced to below 500 ℃ to obtain a sintered block, washing off salt on the sintered block, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain a self-supporting body, namely the self-supporting molybdenum carbide growing molybdenum carbide on the carbon paper.
In the technical scheme, the salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride or sodium fluoride, and the carbon source is activated carbon, graphite powder, nano graphite powder or carbon nano tubes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, the preparation process of the molten salt method only needs one step, is simple and efficient, has the load capacity of the obtained molybdenum carbide far higher than that of the traditional method, has controllable material appearance, and is beneficial to research on the intrinsic performance of the molybdenum carbide.
2. The self-supporting molybdenum carbide electrocatalyst prepared by the method has excellent hydrogen production performance by electrolyzing water under acidic and alkaline conditions, and is superior to the molybdenum carbide electrocatalyst prepared by the traditional method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary X-ray diffraction pattern of the product of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an example of a raman spectrum of the product of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an example of a scanning electron micrograph of a product of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
a self-supporting molybdenum carbide is prepared from molybdenum powder, activated carbon, sodium chloride and potassium chloride through mixing, loading in carbon paper, and tubular furnace at 2 deg.C for 2 min-1-5℃ min-1The temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃ at the temperature raising rate, the temperature is kept for 1-3h, and then the mixture is sintered at the temperature of 2 ℃ for min-1-5℃ min-1Cooling the carbon paper along with the furnace when the cooling rate is reduced to below 500 ℃, washing out salt after the reaction is finished, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain the self-supported electrocatalyst self-supported molybdenum carbide with molybdenum carbide growing on the carbon paper, wherein the mass fraction of Mo in the self-supported molybdenum carbide is 36%.
Example 2:
the specific synthesis method of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is the same as that in example 1, except that the reactant ratio is changed to (2-3) - (1-3) - (6-12), and the activated carbon is replaced by graphite powder.
Example 3:
the specific synthesis method of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is the same as that in example 1, except that the reactant ratio is changed to (2-3) to (1-2) to (6-10) to (6-12), and the activated carbon is changed to nano graphite powder.
Example 4:
the specific synthesis method of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is the same as that in example 1, except that activated carbon is replaced by carbon nanotubes. The mass fraction of Mo in the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is 90%.
Example 5:
the specific synthesis method of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is the same as that in example 1, except that no carbon source is added.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary X-ray diffraction pattern of the product of the present invention. Wherein P-Mo2C、L-Mo2C is the results obtained in example 1 and example 4, respectively. The P-Mo can be seen from the spectrogram2C is similar to standard PDF card, and L-Mo2C has obvious orientation of a (100) crystal face, so that the molybdenum carbide material with the crystal face orientation can be prepared by adjusting reaction parameters.
Fig. 2 is an example of a raman spectrum of the product of the present invention. 143cm in the figure-1And 500-1050cm-1The broad peak is Mo-C bond, which proves that the molybdenum carbide material is successfully prepared.
FIG. 3 is an example of a scanning electron micrograph of a product of the present invention. Wherein, the figure a is L-Mo2C, the figure b is P-Mo2C. It can be seen that the (100) crystal plane is oriented to the material (L-Mo)2C) The morphology of which is lamellar without obvious crystal face orientation (P-Mo)2C) The appearance is granular.
Example 6:
purpose of the experiment: and testing the electrocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the prepared material.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: using CHI 660E electrochemical workstation at 0.5M H2SO4And carrying out electrochemical performance test on the material in a 1M KOH solution. The test was performed using a three-electrode system with a saturated calomel electrode and a graphite rod as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively, and examples 1 and 4 as self-supporting working electrodes, respectively. At 5mV s-1The scanning speed of the test is tested by a polarization curve, and the test range is 0 to-0.4V vs.
The experimental results are as follows:
table 1 electrochemical test results of example 1 and example 4
Figure BDA0001791449970000041
η therein10Indicating a current density of 10mAcm-2The overpotential of time.
From the above test results, it can be seen that both materials have better electrocatalytic properties under acidic and alkaline conditions, and the properties under alkaline conditions are better than those of the corresponding materials under acidic conditions. In addition, the performance of example 4 with the (100) crystal plane orientation is better than that of example 1, because example 4 has a lamellar morphology and can provide more active sites, and the (100) crystal plane orientation can also promote the electrocatalytic process, so that the performance is better.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Self-supporting molybdenum carbide, characterized by being prepared by the following method:
mixing metal molybdenum powder, a carbon source and salt to obtain mixed raw material powder, wherein the ratio of the total molar weight of the metal molybdenum powder and the carbon powder to the molar weight of the salt is (0.1-2):1, the molar ratio of the metal molybdenum powder to the carbon source is (0.5-5): 0-1, adding carbon paper, and then carrying out treatment at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for min-1The temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃ at the temperature raising rate, and after the temperature is kept for 1-3h, the temperature is raised for 2-5 min-1Cooling to room temperature of 20-25 ℃ along with the furnace when the temperature reduction rate is reduced to below 500 ℃ to obtain a sintered block, washing off salt on the sintered block, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain a self-supporting body, namely the self-supporting molybdenum carbide growing molybdenum carbide on the carbon paper.
2. The self-supporting molybdenum carbide of claim 1, wherein the salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride, or sodium fluoride.
3. The self-supporting molybdenum carbide of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is activated carbon, graphite powder, nano-graphite powder, or carbon nanotubes.
4. The self-supporting molybdenum carbide of claim 1, wherein when the metal molybdenum powder, the carbon nanotubes, the sodium chloride, and the potassium chloride are sufficiently mixed in a molar ratio of (1-3) to (6-12) to obtain the mixed raw material powder, the obtained self-supporting molybdenum carbide has a lamellar morphology and has a (100) crystal plane orientation, and the mass fraction of the Mo element is 85% to 90%.
5. The self-supporting molybdenum carbide of claim 1, wherein when the metal molybdenum powder, the activated carbon, the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are sufficiently mixed in a molar ratio of (1-3) to (6-12) to obtain the mixed raw material powder, the obtained self-supporting molybdenum carbide has a granular shape without significant crystal plane orientation, and the mass fraction of the Mo element is 35% to 40%.
6. Use of the self-supporting molybdenum carbide of claim 1 as a self-supporting working electrode in catalyzing an electrolytic water reaction.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the free-standing molybdenum carbide is used as a free-standing working electrode, the saturated calomel electrode and the graphite rod are used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and the temperature is 0.5M H2SO4In the middle, 5mV s-1At a current density of 10mA cm-2When the overpotential is 170-201mV, the Tafel slope is 77-85mVdec-1
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the self-supporting molybdenum carbide is used as a self-supporting working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode and a graphite rod are used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and 5mV s in 1M KOH-1At a current density of 10mA cm-2When the voltage is over-potential is 95.8-164mV, Tafel slope is 99-122mVdec-1
9. A preparation method of self-supporting molybdenum carbide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing metal molybdenum powder, a carbon source and salt to obtain mixed raw material powder, wherein the total molar weight of the metal molybdenum powder and the carbon powder and the saltThe molar ratio of the metal molybdenum powder to the carbon source is (0.1-2):1, the molar ratio of the metal molybdenum powder to the carbon source is (0.5-5): 0-1), carbon paper is added, and then the mixture is heated at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ for min-1The temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃ at the temperature raising rate, and after the temperature is kept for 1-3h, the temperature is raised for 2-5 min-1Cooling to below 500 deg.c to room temperature of 20-25 deg.c to obtain sintered lump, washing to eliminate salt from the sintered lump, and taking out the carbon paper to obtain the self-supporting molybdenum carbide.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride or sodium fluoride, and the carbon source is activated carbon, graphite powder, nano-graphite powder or carbon nanotubes.
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CN114853020A (en) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-05 武汉科技大学 Nano molybdenum carbide material and preparation method and application thereof
CN116065074A (en) * 2022-07-13 2023-05-05 成都邦普切削刀具股份有限公司 Tungsten carbide-based hard phase alloy material without bonding phase and preparation method thereof

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CN116065074A (en) * 2022-07-13 2023-05-05 成都邦普切削刀具股份有限公司 Tungsten carbide-based hard phase alloy material without bonding phase and preparation method thereof
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